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Overview Results Looking Forward
FRIB Experiments: Equation of StatePawel Danielewicz (MSU)
Goals f/Central ReactionResearch:• Characteristics of
Nuclear Matter• Reaction Mechanisms• Methods (Transport,
Observables)Kim JKPS71(17)628
1 2 3 4 5!/!
0
1
10
100
P (M
eV/fm
3 )
Danielewicz et alNL3FSUIU-FSU
Symmetric Matter
Fattoyev PRC82(10)055803
Matter Characteristics:– Equations of State– Optical Potentials– Transport Coefficients– Process Rates
Overview Results Looking Forward
Reaction Mechanisms• Compression Stage
(Equilibration, Generation ofFlows, Meson Production)• From Compression to Final
Stage (FragmentProduction, Instabilities)
Colonna PPNP, in press
Lin arXiv:1912.11069
Methods– Transport
(Semiclassical/Quantum,Accuracy, Fluctuations)
– Observables f/MultiparticleFinal States
– Impact on Detectors– Machine Learning,
Uncertainty Quantification
Overview Results Looking Forward
Equation of State
EA (ρ, δ,T )⇒ E
A (ρ, δ = 0,T = 0)
P(ρ, δ,T ) – fundamental relation
δ = (ρn − ρp)/ρ – asymmetry
Observables• Flow• Subthreshold K Yields
0 1 2 3 4 5ρ/ρ0
100
101
102
103
P [M
eV fm
-3]
KaoS exp. Flow dataBHF, Av 18 + UVIX TBF
BHF, Av 18 + micro TBF
BHF, Bonn B + micro TBFAPR, Av 18 + UVIX TBFDBHF
Symmetric nuclear matter
Baldo PPNP91(16)203
Lynch
Overview Results Looking Forward
Transport Coefficients
Shear Viscosityη(ρ, δ = 0,T )
Observables: StoppingBarker PRC99(19)034607
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
10 30 50 70
η[M
eV/fm
2c]
T (MeV)
ρ/ρ0 = 0 .5
10 30 50 70
T (MeV)
ρ/ρ0 = 1
10 30 50 70
T (MeV)
ρ/ρ0 = 2
ν = 0 .4ν = 0 .6ν = 0 .8Fuchs
Rostockfree
Realistic Bundle
Shear Viscosity
Overview Results Looking Forward
Isoscalar Optical PotentialObservable: p⊥ Dependence of Elliptic Anisotropy at y = 0
RN =N(−90◦) + N(90◦)N(0◦) + N(180◦)
PD NPA673(00)375
Overview Results Looking Forward
Symmetry EnergyEA(ρn, ρp) =
E0
A(ρ) + S(ρ) δ2 +O(δ4)
symmetric matter (a)symmetry energy
Observables: Systematics of changes w/isospin, mirror pairs
n/Z=1 Elliptic-Flow Ratio
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.70.40.50.60.70.80.9
11.11.21.3
/A (GeV/c)t
p
ch 2/vn 2v
sti�
soft
0.10±=0.75γ
0
20
40
60
80
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
ρ/ρ0
S (M
eV)
n/ch �owBrownZhangHIC Sn+SnIASFOPI-LANDASY-EOS
Russotto PRC94(16)034608, Au+Au 400MeV/u
Overview Results Looking Forward
Isovector Optical PotentialRelation between masses m∗n and m∗p in a n-rich system?
Data
SLy4
Skm*
��∗ � ��
∗
��∗ � ��
∗
124 124
112 112
Sn Sn
Sn Sn
E / A 120 MeV
Central Collisions
+
+=
Coupland PRC94(16)011601
Overview Results Looking Forward
Interface w/Astrophysics
Symmetry pressure from difference between GW170817inference and δ = 0 matter from central collisions
Tsang PLB795(19)533
Overview Results Looking Forward
Transport Code Comparison
Correlation: Major PhysicsInputs
Observables
SecondaryPhysics Inputs
TechnicalDecisions
Same major inputs, test outputs for stringent/more open-endedconditions, between codes and against known limits
Outcomes:• Collisions in closed box→
Understood• Finite system→ Some Struggle• Subthreshold π in finite system→ Mystery
Ono PRC100(19)044617Detailed Balance Test
from
exp
ecte
d
Overview Results Looking Forward
Outlook
FRIB: Wider variation of δ f/given A or Z
Statistics: High needed to fish out centrality & quantifyreaction-plane effects, especially differential
Different nuclides could be lumped, but then these more rarewould be dominated by those more common.
Observables: Mirror products, n/p, t/3He, π−/π+
yields, spectra, flows, correlations
Physics: Isovector physics at finite ρ; finite T ; interfacew/astrophysics; dynamic instabilities; quantum transport
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