Fertilization Sperm reaches secondary oocyte and the acrosome helps the sperm to penetrate oocyte...
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- Slide 1
- Fertilization Sperm reaches secondary oocyte and the acrosome
helps the sperm to penetrate oocyte cell membrane _
- Slide 2
- Fertilization Once sperm within oocyte nucleus of the sperm
head swells forms _ Female meiosis completes only after the sperm
enters the egg. Nuclei unite, chromosomes mingle. Zygote is oocyte
and sperm, has 46 chromosomes.
- Slide 3
- Morula Travel time to uterus: solid ball of about 16 cells
called the _____________________. Remains ________________________
in the uterine cavity for three days.
- Slide 4
- Blastocyst Structure becomes _ Implants in the uterus by _
- Slide 5
- Organization Blastocysts organizes into gives rise to the _
Outer cells become embryonic portion of _ Embryo until _ Fetus
until _
- Slide 6
- Placenta Placenta develops attaches the embryo to uterine wall
exchanges _ wastes between maternal blood and embryonic blood.
Placenta also _
- Slide 7
- Hormone changes In non pregnant female, the corpus luteum
degenerates uterine lining sloughs off In pregnant female, need to
_
- Slide 8
- HCG HCG: human chorionic gonadotropin. prevents _ HCG and some
of the embryonic cells continues to _ inhibits _
- Slide 9
- HCG HCG secretion is high for ____________________________ and
then declines. Corpus luteum ________________________________, but
is most important in the first few months before the _
- Slide 10
- More hormones Placental lactogen stimulates
__________________________________ and prepares the mammary glands
for milk secretion. hormone from _ Inhibits the
________________________________ in the myometrium,
___________________________________ until birth.
______________________________________ of the symphysis pubis and
SI joints aids passage of fetus through birth canal.
- Slide 11
- More hormones Increased secretion of
_______________________________ and of parathyroid hormone
Aldosterone from adrenal cortex promotes renal _ . PTH helps to
maintain high concentrations of calcium.
- Slide 12
- Parturition Pregnancy continues for about
____________________________ and ends with ______________________
or birth.
- Slide 13
- Hormonal changes with birth no longer preventing uterine
contractions __________________________ stimulate
______________________ to contract.
- Slide 14
- Labor Contractions start at the
________________________________ and travel downward, forcing the
contents toward the cervix. Labor contractions force the fetal head
against the cervix elicits a reflex _
- Slide 15
- Dilation of cervix Dilation of cervix stimulates increased
release of oxytocin more contractions.
- Slide 16
- Involution After the birth, the _ expelled by the remaining
uterine contractions, stimulated by _
- Slide 17
- Involution For _________________________ the uterus undergoes _
which is the _ For several weeks will pass a _ then a _ until the
______________________________ and returns to a non-pregnant
state.
- Slide 18
- Mammary glands Mammary glands: ______________________________
specialized to secrete milk following pregnancy. composed
irregularly shaped lobes Each lobe contains
_______________________________________ that leads to the nipple
and opens to the outside.
- Slide 19
- More hormones (breast) During pregnancy, placental estrogen and
progesterone stimulate mammary development. Estrogen:
Progesterone
- Slide 20
- More hormones (breast) Prolactin, released in _________________
and present throughout pregnancy. Prolactin causes _
- Slide 21
- Milk production and secretion The
_____________________________________. No longer will inhibit
prolactin. Prolactin stimulates the mammary glands to secrete large
quantities of milk not until two or three days following birth
Until then, there is _
- Slide 22
- Milk ejection Milk must be _ When the breast is _ release of _
causes the muscles to contract and eject the milk.
- Slide 23
- Milk production Prolactin is released as long as milk is
removed from the breasts. If milk not removed regularly, prolactin
is inhibited
- Slide 24
- Birth Control: the ______________________________ of the number
of offspring produced and _ Contraception: method designed to
_____________________________ of an egg following intercourse or
_
- Slide 25
- Withdrawing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation
Natural family planning. Requires _ More effective when coupled
with _ Wake up in the morning, without getting out of bed, take
temperature. Body temp rises degree following ovulation. Dips just
a bit before
- Slide 26
- Cervical mucus Cervical mucus will become When the mucus is
stretchy, it _____________________ through which the sperm can
travel to reach the egg
- Slide 27
- Mechanical barriers Condom _ Female condom: inserted into the
vagina. Blocks semen from reaching the cervix.
__________________________: Cup shaped structure with a flexible
ring forming the rim. inserted into the vaginal canal and _ Prevent
entry of sperm into cervix. Must be properly fitted. Best used with
a _
- Slide 28
- Mechanical barriers ________________________: smaller than
diaphragm. Inserted before intercourse. Have been made from _
- Slide 29
- Chemical barriers Includes _ Will create an environment that is
unfavorable for sperm cells. Have ______________________________.
Most effective when coupled with the barrier methods.
- Slide 30
- Contraceptives Oral contraceptives: contains _ Disrupts the
gonadotropin secretion and ________________________________________
that would normally trigger ovulation interfere with _ May cause
nausea, water retention, increased pigmentation of skin, breast
tenderness. Also liver damage, and some controversy surrounding
breast cancer.
- Slide 31
- IUD Intrauterine devices: physician places IUD within _ IUD may
be expelled, produce pain, excessive bleeding. May _
- Slide 32
- Vaginal Ring releases a continuous _ The ring is inserted into
the vagina _ A new ring is used with each cycle.
- Slide 33
- Vaginal Ring Disadvantages increased _ vaginal _ cannot use a
diaphragm or cervical cap for a backup method of birth control
- Slide 34
- Patches place a thin plastic _________________________________
of the buttocks, stomach, upper outer arm, or upper torso once a
week for _ releases combined hormones that protect against
pregnancy for one month
- Slide 35
- Patches Disadvantages ______________________ at the site of
application for wearers of contact lenses, a change in vision or
the inability to wear the lenses may not be as effective for women
who weigh more than 198 pounds
- Slide 36
- Surgical methods Physician removes a small
_______________________________ near the epididymis and _ May
result in pain for a week or so. Sperm cannot leave the epididymis,
and are therefore _ Tubal ligation:
__________________________________________ so that sperm cells
cannot reach an egg cell.