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Eun-Suk SeoUniversity of Maryland
for the ISS-CREAM Collaboration
ISS-CREAM Collaboration
aInst. for Phys. Sci. and Tech., University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA bDept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
cDept. of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea dLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Grenoble, France
eDept. of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea fInstituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
Y. Amarea, D. Angelaszeka,b, N. Anthonya, G. H. Choic, M. Chunga, M. Copleya, L. Deromed, L. Eraudd, C. Falanaa, A. Gerretya, L. Hagenaua, J. H. Hana, H. G. Huha, Y. S. Hwange, H. J. Hyune, H.B. Jeone, J. A. Jeonc, S. Jeongc, S. C. Kang,e H. J. Kime, K. C. Kima, M. H. Kima, H. Y. Leec, J. Leec, M. H. Leea, C. Lamba, J. Lianga, L. Lua, J. P. Lundquista,c, L. Lutza, B. Marka, A. Menchaca-Rochaf, T. Mernika, M. Nestera, O. Ofohaa, H. Parke, I. H. Parkc, J. M. Parke, N. Picot-Clementea, S. Rostskya, E. S. Seoa,b,J. R. Smitha, R. Takeishic, T. Tatolia, P. Walpolea, R. P. Weinmanna, J. Wua, Z. Yina,b, Y. S. Yoona,b and H. G. Zhanga
Eun-Suk Seo 2ISS-CREAM
Thanks to NASA HQ/GSFC WFF/JSC/MSFC/KSC, Space X and JAXA
PoS(ICRC2019)1177
News since the last ICRC:
Eun-Suk Seo 3ISS-CREAM
ISS-CREAM launch on SpaceX-12, 8/14/17
BESS
ATIC
ground based Indirect measurements
How do cosmic accelerators work?
Elemental Charge
Eun-Suk Seo 4
CREAM
AMS
&
Super TiGER
Mission GoalExtend the energy reach of direct measurements of cosmic rays to the highest energy possible to investigate cosmic ray origins, acceleration and propagation.
ISS-CREAM
Eun-Suk Seo
γ < 200 GeV/n = 2.77 ± 0.03γ > 200 GeV/n = 2.56 ± 0.04
CREAM C-Fe
He
γCREAM = 2.58 ± 0.02
γAMS-01 = 2.74 ± 0.01
5
(Ahn et al., ApJ 714, L89, 2010)
Yoon et al. ApJ 728, 122, 2011; Ahn et al. ApJ 714, L89, 2010
CREAM-IγP = 2.66 ± 0.02γHe = 2.58 ± 0.02
It provides important constraints on cosmic ray acceleration and propagation models, and it must be accounted for in explanations of the e+e- anomaly and cosmic ray “knee.”
Discrepant hardening
ISS-CREAM
PAMELA (Adriani et al., Science 332, 69, 2011)AMS-02 (Aguilar et al., PRL 114, 171103 & 115, 211101, 2015)
CREAM Eun-Suk Seo 6
T. K. Gaisser, T. Stanev and S. Tilav, Front. Phys. 8(6), 748, 2013
CREAM data to explain the knee and beyond
Acceleration limit:Emax_z = Ze x R = Z x Emax_p,where rigidity R = Pc/Ze
Need to extend measurements to higher energies
Eun-Suk Seo 7
Ptuskin et al. ApJ 718, 31, 2010Ptuskin et al. ApJ 763, 47, 2013Zatsepin & Sokolskaya, A&A, 458,1, 2006
Yoon et al. (CREAM Collaboration) ApJ 839:5, 2017
ISS-CREAM
Additional source?
Silicon Charge Detector (SCD)• Precise charge measurements with
charge resolution of ~ 0.2e• 4 layers of 79 cm x 79 cm active
area (2.12 cm2 pixels)
Top/Bottom Counting Detector (T/BCD)• Plastic scintillator
instrumented with an array of 20 x 20 photodiodes for e/p separation
• Low energy trigger
Calorimeter• 20 layers of alternating
tungsten plates and scintillating fibers
• Determines energy• Provides tracking and
high energy trigger
Boronated Scintillator Detector (BSD)• Additional e/p separation by
detection of thermal neutrons
Carbon Targets• Induces hadronic interactions
SFCs and common electronics inc. Trigger, CMD, HSK, Power
ISS-CREAM InstrumentSeo et al. Adv. in Space Res., 53/10, 1451, 2014; Smith et al. PoS(ICRC2017)199, 2017
Eun-Suk Seo 8ISS-CREAM
PresenterPresentation NotesHere we have an exploded view
Cosmic Ray Event SimulationSeo et al. Adv. in Space Res., 53/10, 1451, 2014
Eun-Suk Seo 9
Cosmic Ray Particle
ISS-CREAM
ISS-CREAM Eun-Suk Seo 10
Monte Carlo Simulations
Incident Energy (GeV)
● ISS-CREAM triggered ● ISS-CREAM good events● CREAM-3 good events
Layer number1 10 20
10
1
10-1
10-2100 GeV
100 TeV
10 TeV
1 TeV
Wu et al., ICRC 2019, CRD40 poster
protons
Series of beam tests at CERN
ISS-CREAM Eun-Suk Seo 11
Picot-Clemente et al., PoS(ICRC2017)247; Han et al., ICRC 2011, 6, 392; N.Park et al., NIM A, 581, 133, 2007; Ahn et al. Nucl. Phys. B (Poc. Suppl.), 150, 272, 2006; Ahn et al. CALOR 2004, 532, 2005. I. Park et al., NIM A535, 158, 2004 etc.
Flight data: Cosmic Ray Detection
Eun-Suk Seo 12ISS-CREAM
Examples of high energy events
Eun-Suk Seo 13ISS-CREAM
Lundquist et al. ICRC 2019, CRD 18 poster
CAL provides energy measurements
Eun-Suk Seo 14
Cosmic ray all particle counts
Preliminary
ISS-CREAM
104 105 106 Energy (GeV)
dN/d
E
E -2.6 ± 0.1
Kim et al. ICRC 2019, CRD14 poster
Lundquist et al. ICRC 2019, CRD18 poster
Eun-Suk Seo 15
layer1layer2layer3layer4
SCD provides particle charge identification
ISS-CREAM
Choi et al. ICRC 2019, CRD 1
The individual elements are clearly identified. The relative abundance in this plot has nophysical significance, because needed corrections for interactions and propagations havenot been applied to these data.
Elemental Spectra
ISS-CREAM Eun-Suk Seo 16
● p ● He
● He● C ● O
Takeishi et al. ICRC 2019, CRD 7c oral
17
Marshall Space Flight Center
Data flow Commands
Huntsville Operation Support Center (HOSC)
Data relay
HOSC Near Real Time (NRT) Data
STELLA & TReK
Playback Data Monitoring
OPTIMISOperation log
EHSWebIVoDS
Event DisplayData Merging
Data Monitoring Receiving data Sending commands
Science Operation Center, UMD
Ethernet
STELLA & TReK
Eun-Suk Seo
ISS-CREAM Science Operation
ISS-CREAM
Kim et al. ICRC 2019, CRD 13
Web Monitoring and Data Distribution
Eun-Suk Seo 18
http://cosmicray.umd.edu/iss-cream/data
• Monitor performance of CREAM instrument using in-flight calibration data
– Every hour: Noise level (pedestal runs) of Calorimeter, SCD, and TCD/BCD
– Every two hours: Charge gain, HPD aliveness etc.
• Relay the housekeeping data to a web server for worldwide monitoring
– 1558 housekeeping parameters every 5 sec
– Provides warning by color display when values are out of range.
• Visualize interactions of cosmic rays in CREAM by generating event display plots of science events.
• Process all data and distribute them in ROOT format for analysis.
– Refine the initial pre-launch detector calibrations channel by channel to reflect the actual flight conditions, including time-dependent effects
Noise level of one layer of SCD HPD aliveness of CAL
ISS-CREAM
CAL pedestal reached a plateau in November 2017
Eun-Suk Seo 19ISS-CREAM
Temperature Dependence
Eun-Suk Seo 20ISS-CREAM
ISS orbit and SAA
Eun-Suk Seo 21
South Atlantic Anomaly
• August 2017 – August 2018: Instrument on only during non-SAA orbit to avoid potential radiation damage
• September 2018 – February 2019: Instrument on continuously ISS-CREAM
Summary
• The ISS-CREAM payload survived the launch and was safely placed on the ISS without any damage that precludes minimum success
• The science operation was nominal– Science data were received at the Science Operation Center
and commands were successfully sent to the payload • The instrument was functional and met minimum
success criteria• The preliminary analysis shows PeV energy scale
cosmic ray events • The preliminary analysis indicates a significant amount
of helium nuclei in 1013 – 1015 eV• Results will be quantified as the data analysis matures
ISS-CREAM Eun-Suk Seo 22
Slide Number 1ISS-CREAM CollaborationSlide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5CREAM data to explain the knee and beyondNeed to extend measurements to higher energiesSlide Number 8Cosmic Ray Event SimulationSlide Number 10Series of beam tests at CERNFlight data: Cosmic Ray DetectionExamples of high energy eventsCAL provides energy measurementsSlide Number 15Elemental SpectraSlide Number 17Web Monitoring and Data DistributionCAL pedestal reached a plateau in November 2017Temperature Dependence � Summary
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