Energy Efficiency of Commercial Buildings

Energy Efficiency of Commercial Buildings

Bharathan Balaji

CSE 291: SmartGrid

Outline

• Motivation

• Plug Loads

• Occupancy Based Actuation

• Building Management Systems

Energy Distribution

19%

22%

30%

29%

US Energy Consumption

Commercial

Residential

Industrial

Transportation

35%

39%

26%

US Electricity Consumption

Commercial

Residential

Industrial

Power Measurements – CSE, UCSD

Ref: The Energy Dashboard: Improving the Visibility of Energy Consumption at a Campus-Wide Scale – Y Agarwal, T Weng and R Gupta. Buildsys 2010

Outline

• Motivation

• Plug Loads

• Occupancy Based Actuation

• Building Management Systems

Plug Meters

• MIT Plug

• ACme (AC Meter)

• Smart Energy Meter

1. A Platform for Ubiquitous Sensor Deployment in Occupational and Domestic Environments – J Lifton, M Feldmeieir, Y Ono, C Lewis, J Paradiso. 2. Design and Implementation of a High-fidelity AC Metering Network – X Jiang, S Dawson-Haggerty, P Dutta, D Culler 3. Managing Plug-Loads for Demand Response within Buildings – T Weng, B Balaji, S Dutta, R Gupta, Y Agarwal

Plug loads – Power Distribution

• @scale

• Somniloquy

Ref: @scale: Insights from a Large, Long-lived Appliance Energy WSN – S Dawson-Haggerty, S Lanzisera, J Taneja, R Brown, D Culler Ref: Somniloquy: Augmenting Network Interfaces to Reduce PC Energy Usage – Y Agarwal, S Hodges, R Chandra, J Scott, P Bahl, R Gupta

Outline

• Motivation

• Plug Loads

• Occupancy Based Actuation

• Building Management Systems

Occupancy based Building Actuation

• Motion Sensors

• Camera

• WiFi Localization

1. POEM: power-efficient occupancy-based energy management system - VL Erickson, S Achleitner, AE Cerpa 2. Duty-cycling buildings aggressively: The next frontier in HVAC control - Y Agarwal, B Balaji, S Dutta, RK Gupta, T Weng 3. Zone-level occupancy counting with existing infrastructure - G Fierro, O Rehmane, A Krioukov, D Culler

Outline

• Motivation

• Plug Loads

• Occupancy Based Actuation

• Building Management Systems

Sensors within Buildings

Legacy

Energy Metering

Occupancy Miscellaneous

BACnet Modbus LonTalk

ZigBee 6loWPAN/IPv6 WiFi Z-Wave Proprietary

Building Management System

Uniform Interface

Metadata Context Organize

Building Manager Occupants Developer

Security & Privacy Explore & Search

Scalable

XMPP

Sensor Andrew

Ref: Sensor Andrew: Large-scale Campus-wide Sensing and Actuation – A Rowe, M Berges, G Bhatia, E Goldman, R Rajkumar, J Garrett, J Moura, L Soibelman

sMAP – simple Measurement and Application Protocol

Ref: sMAP: A Simple Measurement and Actuation Profile for Physical Information – S Dawson-Haggerty, X Jiang, G Tolle, J Ortiz, D Culler

sMAP

• Communication: HTTP REST

• Metrology – Location

– Sensor states

– HTTP mapping

• Adaptations for sensors

Regular Embedded

BuildingDepot

• HTTP REST

• Data Connectors

• Data Service

• Directory Service

• User Service

Ref: BuildingDepot: An Extensible and Distributed Architecture for Building Data Storage, Access and Sharing – Y Agarwal, R Gupta, D Domaki, T Weng

BuildingDepot

Thank You!

• Questions?