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Energy Efficiency of Commercial Buildings
Bharathan Balaji
CSE 291: SmartGrid
Outline
• Motivation
• Plug Loads
• Occupancy Based Actuation
• Building Management Systems
Energy Distribution
19%
22%
30%
29%
US Energy Consumption
Commercial
Residential
Industrial
Transportation
35%
39%
26%
US Electricity Consumption
Commercial
Residential
Industrial
Power Measurements – CSE, UCSD
Ref: The Energy Dashboard: Improving the Visibility of Energy Consumption at a Campus-Wide Scale – Y Agarwal, T Weng and R Gupta. Buildsys 2010
Outline
• Motivation
• Plug Loads
• Occupancy Based Actuation
• Building Management Systems
Plug Meters
• MIT Plug
• ACme (AC Meter)
• Smart Energy Meter
1. A Platform for Ubiquitous Sensor Deployment in Occupational and Domestic Environments – J Lifton, M Feldmeieir, Y Ono, C Lewis, J Paradiso. 2. Design and Implementation of a High-fidelity AC Metering Network – X Jiang, S Dawson-Haggerty, P Dutta, D Culler 3. Managing Plug-Loads for Demand Response within Buildings – T Weng, B Balaji, S Dutta, R Gupta, Y Agarwal
Plug loads – Power Distribution
• @scale
• Somniloquy
Ref: @scale: Insights from a Large, Long-lived Appliance Energy WSN – S Dawson-Haggerty, S Lanzisera, J Taneja, R Brown, D Culler Ref: Somniloquy: Augmenting Network Interfaces to Reduce PC Energy Usage – Y Agarwal, S Hodges, R Chandra, J Scott, P Bahl, R Gupta
Outline
• Motivation
• Plug Loads
• Occupancy Based Actuation
• Building Management Systems
Occupancy based Building Actuation
• Motion Sensors
• Camera
• WiFi Localization
1. POEM: power-efficient occupancy-based energy management system - VL Erickson, S Achleitner, AE Cerpa 2. Duty-cycling buildings aggressively: The next frontier in HVAC control - Y Agarwal, B Balaji, S Dutta, RK Gupta, T Weng 3. Zone-level occupancy counting with existing infrastructure - G Fierro, O Rehmane, A Krioukov, D Culler
Outline
• Motivation
• Plug Loads
• Occupancy Based Actuation
• Building Management Systems
Sensors within Buildings
Legacy
Energy Metering
Occupancy Miscellaneous
BACnet Modbus LonTalk
ZigBee 6loWPAN/IPv6 WiFi Z-Wave Proprietary
Building Management System
Uniform Interface
Metadata Context Organize
Building Manager Occupants Developer
Security & Privacy Explore & Search
Scalable
XMPP
Sensor Andrew
Ref: Sensor Andrew: Large-scale Campus-wide Sensing and Actuation – A Rowe, M Berges, G Bhatia, E Goldman, R Rajkumar, J Garrett, J Moura, L Soibelman
sMAP – simple Measurement and Application Protocol
Ref: sMAP: A Simple Measurement and Actuation Profile for Physical Information – S Dawson-Haggerty, X Jiang, G Tolle, J Ortiz, D Culler
sMAP
• Communication: HTTP REST
• Metrology – Location
– Sensor states
– HTTP mapping
• Adaptations for sensors
Regular Embedded
BuildingDepot
• HTTP REST
• Data Connectors
• Data Service
• Directory Service
• User Service
Ref: BuildingDepot: An Extensible and Distributed Architecture for Building Data Storage, Access and Sharing – Y Agarwal, R Gupta, D Domaki, T Weng
BuildingDepot
Thank You!
• Questions?
