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Effects of feeding slowly digestible starch in feed restricted broiler breeders
A. Deep*, T.A. Scott, A.G. Van Kessel and H.L. Classen
Department of Animal and Poultry Science
University of Saskatchewan, Canada
NSERC-IRC, Stakeholder Annual Meeting, June 10, 2014
Introduction
Feed Restriction (Broiler breeders)
Positive impact Negative impact
Body weight control Hunger
Reduces mortality Stress
Improves reproductive capacity Metabolic stress?
Mench, 2002; Renema and Robinson, 2004
Introduction Starch digestion rate (Lehmann and Robin, 2007)
Granule size Negatively correlated
Amylose content Negatively correlated
Pea starch (Ratnayake et al., 2002)
Slowly digested Large granules High amylose content
Introduction (physiological impact of SDS) Improves satiety (McCrory et al., 2010)
Potential to decrease hunger in meal fed animals
Decreases post-prandial glucose and insulin peak (Deep et al., 2013; Wolever et al., 1996; Jenkins et al., 1982)
Slow and sustained release of nutrients Potential to reduce metabolic stress Improved efficiency and performance?
Objectives To determine the effects of feeding a pea
(slowly digestible starch) or wheat-based diet on: Physiological responses
Post-prandial blood glucose levels Liver weight and fat content Digesta mass
Jejunum and ileum contents on DM basis
Objectives To determine the effects of feeding a pea
(slowly digestible starch) or wheat-based diet on: Growth Parameters
Body weight uniformity and feed clean-up time Egg production and weight Fertility and embryonic mortality Chick weight at hatch Early post natal growth
Material and Methods
Experiment Time Period Treatments
Rearing phase 3-20 wk
Pea or wheat based diet fed every 48 h (3-13 wk) and 24 h (14-20 wk)
Early laying phase 21-35 wk Pea or wheat based diet fed once or twice a day
Diets (rearing phase) Ingredients Grower (Pea) Grower (Wheat)
Pea 64.74 - Wheat - 42.15 Barley 25.00 25.00
Soybean - 12.96 Oat hulls 4.12 13.96
Other 6.26 5.93 AME (kcal/kg)* 2600 2600
CP (%) ** 17.74 16.24 Total fat (%) ** 3.34 3.12 Starch (%) ** 37.15 38.69
* Calculated, ** Analysed
Diets (laying phase) Ingredients Breeder (Pea) Breeder (Wheat)
Pea 57.3 - Wheat - 36.8 Barley 25.00 25.00
Soybean 2.68 14.7 Canola oil 5.71 5.66 Oat hulls - 8.62
Limestone 7.11 7.14 AME (kcal/kg)* 2800 2800
CP (%) ** 16.93 15.84 Total fat (%) ** 6.62 5.68 Starch (%) ** 34.08 35.55
* Calculated, ** Analysed
Data Collection A
stud
y w
as c
ondu
cted
for 3
5 w
k (2
44 d
) Growth (weekly), uniformity (21 and 84 d),
digesta and gut mass (89 d)
Post prandial physiological responses (glucose, hepatic glycogen and fat levels and gene
expression) at 89 d
Behavioural (9th or 10th wk) and physiological (89 d) assessment of hunger (NEFA/Glucose,
BHBA and behavioural expression)
Egg production and quality, reproductive performance, chick quality and post natal growth
(147 to 244 d)
Weekly body weight (kg)
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
Bod
y W
eigh
t (K
g)
Age (wk)
WheatPeaEverydayTwice a day
Results (glucose levels)
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
Glu
cose
(mm
ol/L
)
Time before and after feeding (h)
Wheat based diet Pea based diet
*
*
*
Light Light Dark Dark
Relative liver weight (%)
1.0
1.4
1.8
2.2
2.6
3.0
3.4
-1 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 26 28 32 36 40 44
% o
f BW
Time before and after feeding (h)
Wheat based diet pea based diet
*
*
Light Light Dark Dark
Liver fat (% DM)
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
-1 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 26 28 32 36 40 44
% (D
M b
asis
)
Time before and after feeding (h)
Wheat based diet Pea based diet
*
*
* *
* Light Light Dark Dark
Digesta content (jejunum)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
Jeju
nal c
onte
nt (g
; DM
bas
is)
Time before and after feeding (h)
Pea bsed diet Wheat based diet
Light Dark Dark
*
*
* *
* * *
Light
Feed clean-up time (min/100g)
b
8
9
10
11
12
Wheat Pea
Tim
e (m
in)
Treatment
Feed clean-up time (min/100g)
a
Body weight uniformity (%)
a
b b
ab
0
2
4
6
8
10
Everyday Twice a day
CV
(%)
Treatment
WheatPea
Hen day egg production (%)
b
a
ab
ab
71.0
72.0
73.0
74.0
75.0
76.0
77.0
Everyday Twice a day
Hen
day
egg
pro
duct
ion
(%)
WheatPea
Egg weight
a a
b
a
55.0
55.5
56.0
56.5
57.0
57.5
58.0
Everyday Twice a day
Egg
wei
ght (
g)
Egg weight (g)
WheatPea
Hatch data (%)
Item Wheat Pea P value SEM
Fertility 99.2 99.2 0.97 0.807
Early dead 6.1 4.5 0.10 0.968
Middle dead 0.5 0.5 0.98 0.272
Late dead 2.3 1.4 0.13 0.537
Total 8.9a 6.4b 0.03 0.761
Hatchability 89.4 91.7 0.08 2.012
Conclusions Feeding a pea based diet resulted in: Decreased post-prandial blood glucose levels Decreased changes in the hepatic fat and
glycogen content over 48 h period Increased digesta content in the gut
Conclusions
Feeding a pea based diet resulted in: Increased feed clean-up time Improved body weight uniformity Improved reproductive performance
Take home message
Slowly digestible starch has positive impact on productivity of feed restricted broiler breeder
Furthermore, slowly digestible starch has potential to reduce degree of hunger in feed restricted broiler breeders Work is in progress
Work in progress A
stud
y w
as c
ondu
cted
for 3
5 w
k (2
44 d
) Growth (weekly), uniformity (21 and 84 d),
digesta and gut mass (89 d)
Post prandial physiological responses (glucose, hepatic glycogen and fat levels and gene
expression) at 89 d
Behavioural (9th or 10th wk) and physiological (89 d) assessment of hunger (NEFA/Glucose,
BHBA and behavioural expression)
Egg production and quality, reproductive performance, chick quality and post natal growth
(147 to 244 d)
Questions
Recommended