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EEI Leading Indicator Study
Presented to the Fall 2013 Safety
Committee Meeting
A task team was formed to ascertain if there were any notable
Leading Indicator “best practices” in the utility industry
Measuring Safety performance
Historical focus has been on lagging metrics (e.g., OSHA Recordable
Incident Rate (RIR), Days Away Restricted Transfer (DART) rate)
Proactive metrics, that correlate to “improved safety
performance”, have been elusive
Industry is transitioning its original focus by:
Proactively identifying and measure activities that reduce injuries
Blending the use of leading indicators with lagging indicators as a
component of safety performance measurement
Goal: EEI Executive Committee requested a case for
change
Work with the industry to determine best practices
The LI task team was formed and chartered following
the Spring 2013 Safety Committee meeting
Chuck Kelly, EEI
Blakely Smith, SCE
Gary Hatcher, AEP
Keith Williams, Intec
Larry Pena, SCE
Paul Mackintire, Northeast Utilities
Ray Kelly, DTE Energy Co.
A survey was developed and sent to 65 companies
across the utility industry; 47% responded
Methodology:
Examine the practices of EEI member utilities
Develop a standard survey and launch through EEI’s Safety Mailing List
Performed a qualitative analysis of the top decile and top quartile respondents
Identify how “industry leaders” utilize leading indicators
Validate the relationship between leading indicators and improved safety performance ( e.g. RIR, DART, Loss Time (LT), and Severity)
Survey Response Rate
30 EEI members (<50 % of the membership)
Companies responding to the survey were from
across the performance spectrum
Surv
ey P
art
icip
ants
DA
RT
rate
s
Black = Industry Rates
Red = EEI Leading Indicator Study Participant Rates
Top
Decile
.22
Top
Quartile
.41
3rd
Quartile
1.13
2nd
Quartile
.78
Overall, 90% of the responding companies are using
Leading Indicators to mitigate risk exposure
Leading Indicator facts
Of those who responded to the survey: 90% are tracking leading Indicators
50% who use leading indicators report reduced DART rates
29% have less than 3 years of experience tracking
25% have more than 8 years experience tracking
A majority of companies who use leading indicators as a metric are just reporting quantity
Reporting leading indicator results to employees is important to those who are tracking them 79% report at the individual organizational level
64% metrics are communicated to all management
Statistical analysis demonstrates a strong correlation
between leading indicators and improved DART rate
Top five leading indicators tracked:
1. Safety Observations
2. Safety Training
3. Near Misses/Close Calls
4. Safety Awards and Recognition
5. Area Audits/Safety Walkthroughs
Noteworthy fact - Safety Work Orders (SWO) are not in the top five, but show positive correlation with safety performance
Factor Analysis indicates that several groupings of Leading
Indicator activities are driving top DART performance
These five factors which account for 71 % of the
variance in DART
1. Engagement in Safety Activities (Tailboards, Safety
Observations and Audits)
2. Proactive Health ( Preventative Health, Work Readiness)
3. Follow through on safety issues (Hazard resolutions, CAPs,
Behavior Based Safety, and Training)
4. Leader Engagement ( Leader Engagement & Safety Teams)
5. Trust and Follow through(Near Misses, Safety Work Orders,
Safety Culture Perception, Recognition, and Grassroots
Safety)
Adapting Heinrich’s Pyramid: Leading Indicators
provide valuable clues to reduce injuries
Lagging
Indicators
Leading Indicators
Fatalities
Recordable Injuries
Near Misses
Precursors
Fatalities
Recordable Injuries
Near Misses
Precursors
From survey responses, 100% of the Top Decile performing
companies reported positive impact from using L. I.
Range of Safety Performance: DART -- .36 - .41
RIR -- .69 - .82
Top three most frequently used leading indicators: Observations
Training
CAPs
Range of Maturity: 1- 8 years
100% reported that leading indicators have reduced their OSHA and DART rates and improved their safety culture
Top Decile companies leverage safety Observations,
Training and CAPs to improve their performance
Safety Observations Used in their safety metrics
Measure both quantity and quality
Have a software solution for safety observations
100% reported safety observations as their number one leading indicator for injury prevention
Training Have software solutions
Training, just for compliance is not as good at preventing injuries as a more balanced job/safety curriculum
67% reported training as one of the top three for injury prevention
CAPs 33% reported CAPs as one of the top three for injury prevention
Similar to the Top Decile companies, the entire Top Quartile
grouping leverage Safety Observations and Training
Range of Safety Performance:
DART -- .42 - .66
RIR -- .94 - 1.77
Top five most frequently used leading indicators:
Observations
Training
Awards and Recognition
Leader Engagement
Safety Culture
Range of Maturity:
1-10 years
50% reported that leading indicators reduced their DART and shift their safety culture
80% are tracking the following:
Safety Observations
Training
Awards and Recognition
Leadership Engagement
Safety Culture Perception
40% considered training and safety culture perception
to be one of their top three indicators for injury
prevention
From survey responses, 80% of the Top Quartile performing
companies have a specific focus on improving safety culture
Although Leading Indicators drive both lagging indicator
metrics, some correlate differently
Metric Most
Frequent
Leading
Indicators
Communication Report
Level
Leading
Indicators
associated
with better
performance
RIR Observations,
Training, Near
Misses
All management OU level TBD
DART Observations,
Training,
CAPs
All employees OU and
Site level
BBS, Safety
Team
Effectiveness,
Near Misses,
Audits, SWOs
*Red Font indicates key differences in companies with
the top RIR performance versus top DART performance
14
Common facts for the Top Decile companies
(Recordable Incident Rate (RIR) .54 - .82)
Top three most frequently used leading indicators:
Safety Observations
Training
Near Misses
Range of Maturity: 1-8 years
66% reported that leading indicators have reduced their DART, OSHA, and improved their culture
100% report leading indicators at the organizational level and communicate the metrics to all management
Safety Observations Used in the safety metrics
Have a software solution for safety observations
Include Behavior-Based Safety in Observation Program
Training Have software solutions
67% reported training as one of the top three for injury prevention
Near Misses 67% report near miss as one of the top three for injury
prevention
A deeper dive into the most used leading
indicators for the Top Decile (RIR)
Safety Observations
Eliminate incidents and injuries by observing people as they work, communicating with them to correct any at risk behaviors
Provide a strong management commitment to safety expressed through demonstrated concern for worker well being.
Provide an effective employee communication, feedback, and involvement process designed to motivate management and employees to interact with one another in a safe “humanistic” way.
Establish consistency of safety standards and policies.
Observation Performance Summary
0
20
40
60
80
100
Improper Tool
Hand Safety
ErgonomicsTrenching
% S
afe
SYSTEMS AND
METRICS
OBSERVE WITH
FEEDBACK
Behavior Base Safety Observations
WAYT?
What Are You Thinking?
ABC’s
Antecedents
Behaviors
Consequences
Why Invest in Training?
Compliance with a skilled, qualified and trained workforce is the law
Our Employees are our most valuable assets
We have the best experts, knowledge and understanding of our
business to develop the future workforce
19
“What’s worse than training your workers and losing them? Not
training them and keeping them.”
Zig Ziglar
The Value of Training
Training improves employee safety & performance …in quality, quantity, speed, problem solving, attitude, ethics, motivation, leadership, and communication
Performance problems occur because employees
Don’t know what they’re supposed to do,
Don’t know how to do it, and/or
Don’t know why they should do it.
Targeted training should be identified during engagements with customers
This Helps!!
OSHA RULING December 12, 2008
Failure to provide training to each covered employee will be a separate
violation. In this rulemaking, OSHA amended its standards to add language
clarifying that the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and training
requirements impose a Compliance Duty to each and every employee
covered by the standards and that noncompliance may expose the
employer to liability on a per-employee basis
21
Near Miss Program
1. Define the term: Example of a Definition from OSHA
NEAR MISS - Near misses describe incidents where no property was damaged and no personal injury sustained, but where, given a slight shift in time or position, damage and/or injury easily could have occurred.
II. Communicate a “responsibility of discovery as part of the program Example of “Find it fix it”
Report it anyway
III. Track all near misses (System)
IV. Resolve opportunities to improve through Corrective Action Plans (CAPs)
V. Communicate…………No….Over communicate
P.S. OSHA is ok with an incentive program around this
What facts are common for the remaining Top Quartile
(RIR - .94 to 1.77)
Top three most frequently used leading indicators:
Safety Observations
Training
Near Misses
Range of Maturity:
1-10 years
80% report leading indicator metrics to all employees
75% are collecting leading indicator data at the organizational and local/site levels
A deeper dive into the most used leading indicators for
the remaining Top Quartile (RIR)
100% of the remaining top quartile are tracking the
following:
Training & Near Misses
80% of the remaining top quartile are tracking the
following:
Safety Observations & Audits
60% of the remaining top quartile are tracking the
following:
Behavior Based Safety, Corrective Action Plans (CAP), Recognition and
Awards, Preventative Health Account, Tailboards, Safety Culture
Perception
For the utilities in this analysis, it’s clear that Leading
Indicators contribute toward a reduction in DART and RIR
Safety Observations are the most frequently used and also the most effective in injury prevention
Success of safety observation programs is enhanced by a behavior-based approach
Training curriculums based solely on compliance does not have the same impact on safety performance as a well rounded safety/technical approach
Top performing companies track and measure quantity and quality aspects of their leading indicators
Given the analysis, its recommended the EEI Safety
Subcommittee should communicate the findings more broadly
Develop a set of industry “best practices” with emphasis on the
top five “most effective” leading indicators as identified in the
survey
Deploy an electronic system solution; they are improving and
show they enable Leading Indicator use
Create a uniform reporting solution, from organization head level
to employee level
Maturity supports DART rate improvement; be patient!
Enhance training curriculums to go beyond compliance; include
critical skill refresher and enhancements
Special Thanks…
Southern California Edison
William Messner
Larry Pena
Blakely Smith
Intec
Keith Williams
27
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