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Book of Abstracts
Book of Abstracts XIV International Plant Water Relations Symposium Sociedad Española de Fisiología Vegetal Sociedade Portuguesa de Fisiologia Vegetal Madrid, from 3 to 5 of October of 2018 Coordination: David Pérez López Ana Centeno Muñoz
ISBN:
Proceedings of the XIV International Plant
Water Relations Symposium
Madrid, 3-5 de octubre de 2018
FOTO: @galeanojav
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 1
Editores:
David Pérez López
Ana Centeno Muñoz
ISBN: 978-84-948550-3-0
Depósito legal: M-30143-2018
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 2
Organizadores
Patrocinadores
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 219
POSTER 5 Differences in nutrient uptake, physiological and biochemical parameters in eugenia and myrtle plants under salt stress Acosta-Motos, J.R.1, Hernández, J.A.2, Sánchez-Blanco, M.J.3
1Universidad Católica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, 135, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain. jracosta@ucam.edu 2Group of Fruit Tree Biotechnology. CEBAS-CSIC, 25, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain. 3Group of Irrigation. CEBAS-CSIC, 25, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
ABSTRACT
The strategies to tolerate salinity in plants may involve certain physiological and/or
biochemical adaptations, which help to maintain their protoplasmic viability as the
phytotoxic ions accumulate inside the cells. However, the response of plants to salinity
may vary depending on the species, within the same family. With these premises, a
study on the comparative response to salinity in two species of the Myrtaceae family
(Eugenia myrtifolia as eugenia and Myrtus communis as myrtle) has been addressed.
Eugenia and myrtle plants were irrigated with three different level of salinity during
fifteen days. Irrigation treatments consisted in a Control (0.3 dS m-1) and two NaCl
solutions: S4 (4.0 dS m-1) and S8 (8.0 dS m-1). Myrtle plants avoided the arrival of the
phytotoxic ions (Na+ and Cl-) to the aerial part, restricting the build-up of toxic
concentrations in leaves. Eugenia plants involved Na+ and Cl- accumulation by the
roots to a greater extent, but cannot prevent that Na+ was translocated to the aerial
part. In addition, eugenia leaves showed higher concentrations of K+. In addition,
eugenia plants displayed greater leaf turgor potential values, osmotic adjustment
degree and proline contents under salinity (especially in S8). Stomatal conductance
levels and photosynthetic rates were higher in eugenia than in myrtle plants in all
treatments, reflected in greater values of water use efficiency. In eugenia plants gas
exchange parameters correlated with higher values in the photochemical quenching
parameters and lower values in the non-photochemical quenching parameters
regardless of the applied treatment. Different mechanisms of salt tolerance have
evolved in eugenia and myrtle plants, being eugenia who responded more actively to
salt stress.
INTRODUCTION
Mediterranean areas with high temperatures and low rainfall are characterised by
limited water availability. In addition, a future scenario of climate change related with
extreme environmental conditions as drought forces to look for others water sources in
order to preserve natural fresh water. Saline waters can be an option in irrigation
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 220
strategies for efficient water management particularly for ornamental shrubs in
landscaping. Most revegetation and xeriscape projects use a set of plant varieties that
show different levels of resistance (tolerance and avoidance) to salinity. Salt stress is a
well-known type of abiotic stress that produces malfunctions in many physiological and
metabolic processes with a resulting reduction in plant growth and productivity (Acosta-
Motos et al. 2017a). However, the salinity tolerance of most plants depends on the
amount of saline water that can be applied for plant production, especially when plants
grown in small commercial containers. The presence of NaCl in the soil and the
irrigation water is one of the main factors limiting plant growth. Salt-stress affects
different physiological and biochemical processes, affecting water relations, gas
exchange and nutrient balance. A good approach to know different strategies to cope
with salt stress was study two ornamental species of the same family, in this case of
Myrtaceae family: Myrtus communis (myrtle) plants as ornamental endemic species
and Eugenia myrtifolia (eugenia) as ornamental shrub native to tropical areas in Asia
and Oceania and subtropical areas in South America.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Single rooted cuttings (120) of native eugenia and myrtle plants were transplanted into
14 X 12 cm pots (1.2 L) filled with a mixture of coconut fibre, sphagnum peat and
perlite (8:7:1) and amended with Osmocote plus (2 g L-1) substrate) (14:13:13 N, P, K
microelements). The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment growth
chamber set to simulate Mediterranean natural conditions. Control plants for both
species were watered with a water of an electrical conductivity (EC) = 0.3 dS m-1.
Saline treatments were designed as control treatment plus NaCl added specifically for
each treatment: S4 (4 dS m-1), S8 (8 dS m-1), corresponding to 44, 88 mM respectively.
All pots were irrigated three times per week without applying drainage.
Plant material, oven-dried at 80oC until it reached a constant weight, was ground to
obtain dry vegetable powder. The Cl- concentrations were analysed by a chloride
analyser in the aqueous extracts obtained by mixing 100 mg of dry vegetable powder
with 40 mL of water before shaking for 30 min and filtering. The cations concentrations
were determined in a digestion extract with HNO3:HClO4 (2:1, v/v) by inductively
coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICPOES IRIS INTREPID II XDL).
Leaf water potential (l) was estimated using a pressure chamber (Model 3000; Soil
Moisture Equipment Co., Santa Barbara, CA, USA). Leaves used for l measurements
were frozen in liquid nitrogen (-196oC) and stored at -30oC. After thawing, the osmotic
potential (s) was measured in the extracted sap using a WESCOR 5520 vapour
pressure osmometer (Wescor Inc., Logan, UT, USA). Leaf turgor (t) was estimated as
the difference between l and leaf osmotic potential (s). Leaf osmotic potential at full
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 221
turgor (100s) was estimated as indicated above for s, using excised leaves with their
petioles placed in distilled water overnight to reach full saturation.
The proline content was measured in leaves at the end of the experiment as described
in Pérez-Clemente et al. (2012). A calibration curve was performed using commercial
proline from 0 to 20 ppm as standard.
Stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) were measurement in six
leaves per treatment during the central hours of illumination using a gas exchange
system (LI-6400; LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA). Intrinsic water-use efficiency was
calculated based on the Pn/gs ratio.
Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured in detached leaves at the end of the
experiment with a chlorophyll fluorimeter (IMAGIM-PAM M-series, Heinz Walz,
Effeltrich, Germany) as described in Maxwell and Johnson (2000). The following
parameters were analysed: effective PSII quantum yield [Y(II)]; the quantum yield of
regulated energy dissipation [Y(NPQ)]; the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ); the
maximal PSII quantum yield (Fv/ Fm); the coefficients of non-photochemical quenching
(qN); and the photochemical quenching (qP).
The statistical analysis for studying differences between species was performed by t-
Student´s using R software as statistical package.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
One of the risks of growing plants in small containers under salt stress is the
accumulation of Na+ and Cl- in the substrate which can bring about an excessive
accumulation of toxic ions in all tissues (Table 1). The ability of plants to reduce salt
uptake rates and/or by controlled translocation to leaves can constitute an important
mechanism of plant survival under salt-stress (Acosta Motos et al. 2017b). Both
species in S4 and S8 treatments avoided the arrival of the phytotoxic ions (Na+ and Cl-)
to the aerial part, restricting the build-up of toxic concentrations in leaves. However,
eugenia plants cannot prevent the translocation of Na+ to the aerial part (Table 1).
Associated with these nutritional responses, an osmotic adjustment can be observed in
both species under S4 and S8 treatments. Although these responses were more
evident in eugenia plants which showed a higher increase in leaf turgor (Fig.1A) and a
higher decrease in leaf osmotic potential at full turgor (Fig. 1B). The main contributions
to this osmotic adjustment would be related to the higher Na+ concentrations in the
aerial part (Table 1) and as well as to the proline concentration (Fig. 1C) in eugenia
leaves (especially in S8 treatments). Both species showed similar values and therefore
not significant in the leaf water potential (Fig. 1D). In addition, although there was an
antagonism response between Na+ and K+ ions, the greater arrival of Na+ to the aerial
part was not accompanied by a great decrease in leaf K+ concentration, especially in
eugenia subjected to S8 treatments (Table 1). This behavior is due to the ability of the
protoplasm of some plants to tolerate high concentrations of salt by
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 222
compartmentalisation of toxic ions entering the vacuole (Acosta-Motos et al. 2017a).
This mechanism was observed in eugenia plants which prevented the Na+ toxic effects
by their accumulation in the vacuoles (include mechanisms) facilitating the role of K+ in
different physiological processes, including the stomatal opening. Photosynthetic rates
(Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs) levels were higher in eugenia plants than in myrtle
plants in all treatments (Figs. 2A and 2B). However, the severity of the saline
treatments decreased Pn and gs in both species especially in S8 treatment. In general,
plants show a tendency to reduce stomatal opening in response to salt stress which
may be a consequence of reduced root hydraulic conductivity and a decrease in leaf
water potential (Navarro et al. 2007; Álvarez et al. 2012). However, photosynthesis
activity can remain high in spite of stomatal closure reflected in greater values of
intrinsic water use efficiency (Pn/gs) as occurred in eugenia plants in response to salt
stress (Fig. 2C). Finally, gas exchange parameters in eugenia plants correlated with
higher values in the photochemical quenching parameters [qP, Y(II) and Fv/Fm)] and
lower values in the non-photochemical quenching parameters [qN, NPQ and Y(NPQ)],
regardless of the applied treatment, being the opposite response in myrtle (Table 2).
An increase in photochemical quenching parameters, as occurs in eugenia plants,
indicated a greater photosynthetic efficiency (Maxwell and Johnson, 2000). A decrease
in the non-photochemical quenching parameters, as occurs in myrtle plants, indicated a
safe mechanism for removing excess light energy in form of heat when photosynthetic
mechanism do not work correctly (Maxwell and Johnson, 2000).
In conclusion, different mechanisms of salt tolerance have evolved in eugenia and
myrtle plants, being eugenia who responded more actively to salt stress.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by Seneca Foundation of Murcia [19903/GERM/15].
REFERENCES
Acosta-Motos JR, Ortuño MF, Bernal-Vicente A, Diaz-Vivancos P, Sanchez-Blanco MJ, Hernandez JA (2017a) Plant Responses to Salt Stress: Adaptive Mechanisms, Agronomy, 7 (1), 18. Acosta-Motos, JR, Hernández JA, Álvarez S, Barba-Espín G, Sánchez-Blanco MJ (2017b) The long-term resistance mechanisms, critical irrigation threshold and relief capacity shown by Eugenia myrtifolia plants in response to saline reclaimed water, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 111, 244-256 Álvarez S, Gómez-Bellot MJ, Castillo M, Bañón S, Sánchez-Blanco MJ (2012) Osmotic and saline effect on growth, water relations, and ion uptake and translocation in Phlomis purpurea plants, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 78, 138-145 Maxwell K & Johnson GN (2000) Chlorophyll fluorescence—a practical guide, Journal of Experimental Botany, 51 (345), 659–668 Navarro A, Bañon S, Olmos E, Sánchez-Blanco MJ (2007) Effects of sodium chloride on water potential components, hydraulic conductivity, gas exchange and leaf ultrastructure of Arbutus unedo plants, Plant Science,172 (3), 473-480
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 223
Pérez-Clemente RM, Montoliu A, Zandalinas SI, de Ollas C, Gómez-Cadenas A (2012) Carrizo citrange plants do not require the presence of roots to modulate the response to osmotic stress, The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 1. Table 1. Different nutrients measured at the end of the experiment in both species subjected to different saline treatments.
t
(MP
a)
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8Eugenia Myrtle
1
00
s (M
Pa)
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5
Treatments
Control S4 S8
Pro
line (m
ol /
g F
W)
2
4
6
8
10
A B
C
Treatments
Control S4 S8
l
(MP
a)
-1,2
-1,0
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2D
aa
aa
a
b
a
a
a
ab
a
a aa
aa
b
aa
a a
a a
Fig. 1. Water relations. Leaf turgor potential ( t: A), leaf osmotic potential at full turgor ( 100s; B), proline concentration (C) and leaf water potential ( l ; D) measured at the end of the experiment in both species subjected to different saline treatments.
Na+ in shoot Na+ in root
Control S4 S8 Control S4 S8
Eugenia 332.61 a 593.41 a 728.84 a 462.61 a 693.92 a 1000.36 a
Myrtle 109.66 b 177.96 b 160.12 b 212.42 b 424.52 b 499.56 b
P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001***
Cl- in shoot Cl- in root
Control S4 S8 Control S4 S8
Eugenia 236.62 a 296.71 a 338.03 a 360.57 a 548.36 a 1021.59 a
Myrtle 241.13 a 353.80 a 331.27 a 169.02 b 259.15 b 337.25 b
P>0.05 n.s P>0.05 n.s P>0.05 n.s P<0.01** P<0.001*** P<0.001***
K+ in shoot K+ in root
Control S4 S8 Control S4 S8
Eugenia 761.54 a 634.02 a 533.76 a 274.02 a 196.20 a 187.09 a
Myrtle 630.72 b 580.18 a 546.64 a 166.82 b 137.44 b 128.80 b
P<0.05* P>0.05 n.s P>0.05 n.s P<0.001*** P<0.01** P<0.01**
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 1
Programa
Miércoles, 3 de octubre de 2018
8:30-9:30 Inscripción y recogida de material del congreso (Hall del edificio
Agrónomos)
9:30-10:00 Acto de apertura del congreso (Aula Magna edificio Agronómos)
10:00-11:00 Sesión I: Chairman: Luis Andreu
10:00-10:30 Keynote speaker: Olfa Zarrouk
“Grape berry epidermis as protective barrier under
environmental stress”
10:30-10:45 Pretreatment with L-pyroglutamic acid induces drought
tolerance in lettuce. Jime nez-Arias, D., García-Machado, F.J.,
Luis, J.C., Morales-Sierra, S., Suárez, E., Valdés, F., Borges,
A.A.
10:45-11:00 Leaf structure and function: Possible link between gas
exchange and water relations among vascular plants. Nadal,
M, Flexas, J., Gulías, J.
11:00-11:30 Descanso-Café
11:30-13:00 Sesión I: Chairman: Luis Andreu
11:30-11:45 Water status and osmoprotective responses in lettuce
(Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) grown under conditions of
water deficit. Blanch, M., García, G., Sánchez-Ballesta M.T.,
Escribano, M.I., Merodio, C.
11:45–12:00 Estudo ecofisiológio do abacaxi „Turiaçu‟ em regiões distintas
do Estado do Maranhão - Brasil cultivado sob adubação
mineral e orgânica. Ramos, L.M., Reis, F.O., Assunção,
A.K.S., Gonçalves R.S., Araújo, J.R.G., Reis, I. S.
12:00–12:15 Efecto de Pisolithus tinctorius en el funcionamiento hídrico y
fotosintético de plantas de Cistus albidus L. en condiciones de
estrés hídrico y con aporte extra de nitrógeno. Zugasti, I.,
Lorente, B., Ortuño., M.F., Hernández, J.A., Morte, A.,
Sánchez-Blanco, M.J.
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 2
12:15–12:30 Efecto de distintos niveles de desecación del suelo en la
fisiología de portainjertos de aguacate y en su capacidad de
recuperación. Moreno-Ortega G., Zumaquero A., Pliego C.,
Martínez-Ferri E.
12:30–12:45 On the suitability of improved tomato rootstocks to face
climate change: opposite response to water shortage between
commercial rootstock genotypes and drought-adapted
Ramellet landraces. Galmés, J., Fullana-Pericàs, M., Douthe,
C., Costea, G., Conesa, M.À.
12:45–13:00 Leaf water relations in Diospyros kaki under mild water
deficit. I. Griñán, P. Rodríguez, H. Nouri, E. Borsato, A.J.
Molina, D. Morales, Z.N. Cruz, M. Corell, A. Centeno, A.
Moriana, D. Pérez-López, A. Torrecillas, F. Hernández, A.
Galindo
13:00-15:00 Comida
15:00-17:00 Sesión II: Chairman: Margarida Vaz
15:00-15:30 Keynote speaker: Pedro Gavilán
“Consumo de Agua e Indicadores de Riego del Cultivo de la
Frambuesa en Huelva”
15:30-15:45 Growth sensitivity of young almond trees to water deficits:
Quantifying the dependence and forecasting the effects on
yield on subsequent years. Girona, J., Mata, M., del Campo,
J., Paris, C., Oliver, J., López, G.
15:45-16:00 Integración de la respuesta agronómica y fisiológica de dos
variedades de almendro (Prunus dulcis Mill.) a distintas
dotaciones hídricas. García-Tejero, I.F., Rubio-Casal, A.E.,
Gutiérrez-Gordillo, S., Durán-Zuazo, V.H.
16:00-16:15 Transpiration response to evaporative demand, soil water
deficit and branch pruning of a wild cherry tree plantation
growing under Mediterranean conditions. Molina, A.J.,
Aranda, X., Llorens, P., Galindo, A., Biel, C.
16:15-16:30 Regulated deficit irrigation scheduling in table olive based on
measurements of water potential during pit hardening.
Corell, M., Martín-Palomo, M.J., Girón, I., Andreu, L.,
Torrecillas, A., Centeno, A., Pérez-López, D., Moriana, A.
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 3
16:30-16:45 Riego Deficitario Controlado en olivo; redefinición de las fases
de crecimiento de la aceituna. Pérez-López, D, Centeno, A.,
Torrecillas, A., Galindo, A., Corell, M., Martin-Palomo, M.J.,
Girón, I., Moriana, A.
16:45-17:15 Descanso-Café
18:30-20:30 Visita cultural
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 4
Jueves, 4 de octubre de 2018
9:00-11:00 Sesión III: Chairman: María José Martín-Palomo
9:00-9:30 Keynote speaker: Arturo Torrecillas
"Fruit water relations as a tool to reduce fruit physiopathies
incidence and to increase fruit quality"
9:30-9:45 Effect of preharvest fruit bagging on fruit quality
characteristics and incidence of fruit physiopathies in fully
irrigated and water stressed pomegranate trees. I. Griñán, I.,
Morales, D., Galindo, A., Torrecillas, A., Pérez-López, D.,
Moriana, A., Collado-González, J., Carbonell-Barrachina,
A.A., Hernández, F.
9:45-10:00 Influencia del riego deficitario durante la frigoconservación de
cerezas „Prime Giant‟. Blanco, V., Blaya-Ros P.J., Martínez-
Hernández G.B., Torres-Sánchez, R., Artés-Hernández F.,
Domingo, R.
10:00-10:15 Controlled water stress application in almond trees and its
impact on the fruit quality parameters. Lipan, L., Corell, M.,
Sendra, E., Hernández, F., Burló, F., Vázquez, L., Moriana,
A., Carbonell, Á.
10:15-10:30 Effects of deficit irrigation, rootstock and roasting process on
the contents of fatty acids, phytoprostanes, and phytofuranes
in pistachio kernels. Collado-González, J., Cano-Lamadrid, M.,
Pérez-López, D., Carbonell-Barrachina, A.A., Centeno, A.,
Medina, S., Griñán, I., Guy, A., Galano, J.M., Durand, T.,
Ferreres, F., Torrecillas, A., Gil-Izquierdo, A.
10:30-10:45 El riego deficitario durante el período de síntesis del aceite
afecta a la calidad del aceite de oliva en los olivares de alta
densidad (cv. Arbequina). García, J.M., Hueso, A., Gómez-del-
Campo, M.
10:45-11:00 Bruising response in „Manzanilla de Sevilla‟ olives to RDI
strategies base on water potential. Casanova, L., Corell, M.,
Suárez, M.P., Rallo, P., Martín-Palomo, M.J., Morales-Sillero,
A., Moriana, A., Jiménez, M.R.
11:00-11:30 Descanso-Café
11:30-13:00 Sesión III: Chairman: María José Martín-Palomo
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 5
11:30-11:45 How olive growers can estimate sustainability of their water
management. Definition of a Hydrosustainable Index. Corell,
M, Martín-Palomo MJ, Carrillo, T., Collado, J, Hernández-
García, F, Girón, I, Andreu, L., Centeno, A, Pérez-López, D,
Carbonell-Barrachina, A, Moriana, A.
11:45-12:00 Influence of Spanish-style processing and regulated deficit
irrigation in „Manzanilla de Sevilla‟ olives quality attributes.
Sánchez-Rodríguez, L., Moriana, A., Hernández, F., Sendra,
E., Martín-Palomo, M.J., Carbonell-Barrachina, A.A.
12:00-12:15 The crop water productivity, that false friend. Fernández,
J.E., Díaz-Espejo, A., Cuevas, M.V., Hernandez-Santana, V.
12:15-12:30 The pitfalls of water potential measurements to schedule
irrigation. García-Tejera, O., López-Bernal, A., Orgaz, F.,
Testi, L., Villalobos, F.J.
12:30-12:45 La eficiencia en el uso del agua como criterio de selección.
Influencia del ambiente y el genotipo. Tortosa, I., Escalona, J.
M., Medrano, H.
12:45-13:00 Changes in water use efficiency and plant quality of Phillyrea
angustifolia in response to deficit irrigation. Álvarez, S.,
Gómez-Bellot, M.J., Acosta-Motos, J.R., Sánchez-Blanco, M.J.
13:00-15:00 Comida
15:00-17:00 Sesión IV. Chairman: Jorge Marques da Silva
15:00-15:30 Keynote speaker: Hava Rapoport
“Cellular processes of fruit tissues in response to water deficits”
15:30-15:45 Water status modifies the relative sink activity of mesocarp,
endocarp and oil during olive fruit development. Rapoport, H.
F., Centeno, A., Casanova, L., Jiménez, M. R., Pérez-López, D.
15:45-16:00 A new system for irrigation scheduling based on leaf turgor
pressure related measurements. Romero, R., Fernández, J.E.,
Palma, M., Nozal, F.
16:00-16:15 Ground data to validate satellite estimations of the net
radiation components, surface temperature and soil moisture
in an irrigated maize field (Ebro Valley, NE Spain). Correia,
B., Rodrigo, G., Fontanet, M., Olivera, L., Bellvert, J., Ferrer,
F.
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 6
16:15-16:30 Limitations of trunk diameter fluctuations in the deficit
irrigation scheduling of almond orchards. Martín-Palomo,
M.J., Corell, M., Girón, I., Andreu, L., Trigo, E., Torrecillas,
A., Centeno, A., Pérez-López, D., Moriana, A.
16:30-16:45 El portainjerto altera la sensibilidad de las fluctuaciones del
diámetro del tronco para detectar cambios en el estado hídrico
en limonero. Robles, J.M., Mira-García, A.B., Quinto, V.,
Olivares, L., Pérez-Pérez, J.G.
16:45-17:00 Efectos de la cubierta vegetal en la dinámica de agua en el
suelo y en el comportamiento agronómico de la vid. Sancho,
P., Hernández-Montes, E., Romero-Munar, A., Canyelles, G.,
Escalona, J.M.
17:00-17:15 Programación del riego del cultivo de la fresa usando el
pronóstico meteorológico. Gavilán, P., Ruiz, N., Lozano, D.
17:15-17:45 Descanso-Café
17:45-18:30 Visionado de posters
18:30-19:30 Reunión grupo relaciones hídricas de la SEFV
21:30- Cena de gala
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 7
Viernes, 5 de octubre de 2018
9:00-11:00 Sesión V. Chairman: María Gómez del Campo
9:00-9:30 Keynote speaker: Miguel Costa
“Water as a strategic resource for crops to withstand climate
change in Mediterranean agriculture”
9:30-9:45 Potential impacts of climate change on agricultural systems
in three Mediterranean basins for the first half of the XXIst
century. Aranda X., Funes I., Biel C., de Herralde F., Grau B.,
Pla E., Pascual D., Zabalza J., Vicente-Serrano S., Cantos G.,
Borràs G., Savé R.
9:45-10:00 Deficit irrigation as an adaptation measure to withstand
climate change in Mediterranean vineyards –pro and cons for
the Alentejo winegrowing region. Costa, J. M., Egipto, R.,
Lopes, C.M., Chaves M.M.
10:00-10:15 Ready for the worst: Mediterranean landraces as a source to
improve tolerance to water stress in tomato. Fullana-Pericàs,
M., Conesa, M.À., Douthe, C., El Aou-ouad, H., Costea, G.,
Alonso, D., Canyelles, J., Fontclara, J.M., Coll, X., Galmés, J.
10:15-10:30 Water scarcity alleviation through water footprint reduction
in agriculture: The effect of mulching and drip irrigation.
Nouri, H., Stokvis, B., Galindo, A., Hoekstra, A.Y.
10:30-10:45 Irrigated Cork Oaks Trees – an Ecophysiological Approach.
Dinis, C., Camilo-Alves, C, Nunes, J., Mota Barroso, J.,
Pinheiro A.C., Ribeiro, N.A., Vaz, M.
10:45-11:00 Cork production and a new reality: Deficit irrigation of cork
oak trees. What physiological changes are expected? (a
review). Vaz, M,. Camilo-Alves, C., Dinis, C., Mota Barroso,
J., Pinheiro, A.C., Ribeiro, N.A.
11:00-11:30 Descanso-Café
11:30-12:30 Sesión V. Chairman: María Gómez del Campo
11:30-11:45 Sequías extremas en bosques Mediterráneos: aún hay margen
para la recuperación. Forner A., Aranda I., Valladares F.
Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 8
11:45-12:00 Remote sensing water stress in an olive orchard from UAV
platforms. Almeida, A., López de Herrera, J., Hueso, A., Saa-
Requejo, A., Moratiel, R., Baeza, P., González-Garcia, C.,
Moya, A., Tarquis, A.M., Gómez del Campo, M.
12:00-12:15 Variación espacio-temporal de los isotopos estables de agua en
el suelo y en el xilema. Estimación del patrón de extracción de
agua del suelo en pinares en una pequeña cuenca de montaña.
Llorens, P., Molina, A.J., Cayuela, C., Sánchez-Costa, E.,
Gallart, F., Levia, D., Latron, J.
12:15-12:30 Genetic variability in functional response to drought across
years in an evergreen tree. de Miguel, M., Segura, R., Delzon,
S., Burtlett, R., Laoué, J., Geslin, R., Plomion, C., Gion, J.M.,
Bouffier, L., Porté, A.
12:30-13:00 Conferencia ganador/a del Premio Ibérico de Investigación en
Relaciones Hídricas
13:00-13:30 Acto de Clausura
DIFFERENCES IN NUTRIENT UPTAKE, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL
PARAMETERS IN EUGENIA AND MYRTLE PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS
Mediterranean areas with high temperatures and low rainfall are characterised by limited wateravailability. In addition, a future scenario of climate change related with extreme environmentalconditions as drought forces to look for others water sources in order to preserve natural fresh water.Saline waters can be an option in irrigation strategies for efficient water management particularly forornamental shrubs in landscaping. Most revegetation and xeriscape projects use a set of plant varietiesthat show different levels of resistance (tolerance and avoidance) to salinity.
Salt stress is a well‐known type of abiotic stress that produces malfunctions in many physiologicaland metabolic processes with a resulting reduction in plant growth and productivity (Acosta‐Motos etal. 2017a). However, the salinity tolerance of most plants depends on the amount of saline water thatcan be applied for plant production, especially when plants grown in small commercial containers.
The presence of NaCl in the soil and the irrigation water is one of the main factors limiting plantgrowth. Salt‐stress affects different physiological and biochemical processes, affecting water relations,gas exchange and nutrient balance.
A good approach to know different strategies to cope with salt stress was study two ornamentalspecies of the same family, in this case of Myrtaceae family: Myrtus communis (myrtle) plants asornamental endemic species and Eugenia myrtifolia (eugenia) as ornamental shrub native to tropicalareas in Asia and Oceania and subtropical areas in South America.
INTRODUCTION
JR. Acosta‐Motos1, JA. Hernández2, MJ. Sánchez‐Blanco31Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos (Murcia) 2Grupo de Biotecnología de Frutales, CEBAS‐CSIC, 30100, Campus de Espinardo
(Murcia). 3Grupo de Estrés Abiótico, CEBAS‐CSIC, 30100, Campus de Espinardo (Murcia) ,3Dpto. Riego, CEBAS‐CSIC, 30100, Campus de Espinardo (Murcia).
Na+ in shoot Na+ in root Control S4 S8 Control S4 S8 Eugenia 332.61 a 593.41 a 728.84 a 462.61 a 693.92 a 1000.36 a Myrtle 109.66 b 177.96 b 160.12 b 212.42 b 424.52 b 499.56 b P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001***
Cl‐ in shoot Cl‐ in root Control S4 S8 Control S4 S8 Eugenia 236.62 a 296.71 a 338.03 a 360.57 a 548.36 a 1021.59 a Myrtle 241.13 a 353.80 a 331.27 a 169.02 b 259.15 b 337.25 b P>0.05 n.s P>0.05 n.s P>0.05 n.s P<0.01** P<0.001*** P<0.001***
K+ in shoot K+ in root Control S4 S8 Control S4 S8 Eugenia 761.54 a 634.02 a 533.76 a 274.02 a 196.20 a 187.09 a Myrtle 630.72 b 580.18 a 546.64 a 166.82 b 137.44 b 128.80 b P<0.05* P>0.05 n.s P>0.05 n.s P<0.001*** P<0.01** P<0.01**
Table 1. Different nutrients measured at the end of the experiment in both species subjected to
different saline treatments.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
MATERIAL AND METHODS
t
(MP
a)
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8Eugenia Myrtle
1
00s
(MP
a)
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5
Treatments
Control S4 S8
Pro
line
(m
ol /
g F
W)
2
4
6
8
10
A B
C
Treatments
Control S4 S8
l
(MP
a)
-1,2
-1,0
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2D
aa
aa
a
b
a
a
a
ab
a
a aa
aa
b
aa
a a
a a
Treatments
Control S4 S8
g s (m
mol
m-2
s-1
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70B
Treatments
Control S4 S8
Pn
/ gs
(m
ol C
O2
mm
ol-1
H2O
)
0
50
100
150
200
250C
Treatments
Control S4 S8
Pn
(m
ol m
-2 s
-1)
0
2
4
6
8 Eugenia Myrtle
A
aa
a
bb b
a
b
a
ba
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
qP Y(II) Control S4 S8 Control S4 S8 Eugenia 0.77 a 0.76 a 0.75 a 0.47 a 0.46 a 0.45 a Myrtle 0.67 b 0.72 b 0.70 b 0.29 b 0.38 b 0.35 b
P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** Fv/Fm qN Control S4 S8 Control S4 Control
Eugenia 0.76 a 0.75 a 0.76 a 0.62 b 0.64 b 0.62 b Myrtle 0.67 b 0.70 b 0.72 b 0.76 a 0.70 a 0.76 a
P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** NPQ Y(NPQ) Control S4 S8 Control S4 Control
Eugenia 0.27 b 0.27 b 0.31 b 0.27 b 0.28 b 0.30 b Myrtle 0.37 a 0.38 a 0.53 a 0.40 a 0.41 a 0.52 a
P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001***
Table 2. Fluorescence parameters measured at the end of the experiment in both species subjectedto different saline treatments.
Fig. 1. Leaf turgor potential (t: A), leaf osmotic potential at full turgor (100s; B), proline concentration (C)and leaf water potential (l ; D) measured at the end of the experiment in both species subjected todifferent saline treatments.
Fig. 2. Photosynthesis (Pn; A), stomatal conductance (gs; B) and intrinsic water use efficiency (Pn/gs; C) )measured at the end of the experiment in both species subjected to different saline treatments.
REFERENCESAcosta‐Motos et al. (2017a) Agronomy, 7 (1), 18.Acosta‐Motos et al. (2017b) Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 111, 244‐256Álvarez et al. (2012) Environmental and Experimental Botany, 78, 138‐145Maxwell K & Johnson GN (2000) Journal of Experimental Botany, 51 (345), 659–668Navarro et al. (2007) Plant Science,172 (3), 473‐480Pérez‐Clemente et al. (2012) The Scientific World Journal, 13Scholander (1965) Science, 148, 339‐346.This work was supported by Seneca Foundation of Murcia [19903/GERM/15].
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Control S4 S8(0.3 dS m‐1) (4 dS m‐1) (8 dS m‐1)
30 plants per species and treatment
Controlled growth chamber
Photoperiod (16/8 hours) Temperature (23ºC/18ºC)
Light intensity (350 mol m‐2 s‐1)
Relative Humidity (55%/70%).
Mineral content in shoots and roots: ICP‐OES IRIS INTRPID II XDL at the end of theexperiment.
Plant water status: Leaf water potential using a presure chamber (Scholander, 1965), leafturgor potential, leaf osmotic potential at full turgor.
Proline concentration in leaves: (Pérez‐Clemente et al. 2012).
Gas exchange: Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in leaf using LICOR LI‐6400Fluorescence parameters: using a IMAGIM‐PAMM‐series fluorometer (Walz, Germany).
Measurements
The ability of plants to reduce salt uptake rates and/or by controlledtranslocation to leaves can constitute an important mechanism of plantsurvival under salt‐stress (Acosta Motos et al. 2017b). Both species in S4 andS8 treatments avoided the arrival of the phytotoxic ions (Na+ and Cl‐) to theaerial part, restricting the build‐up of toxic concentrations in leaves.However, eugenia plants involved Na+ and Cl‐ accumulation by the roots to agreater extent. The greater arrival of Na+ to the aerial part was notaccompanied by a great decrease in leaf K+ concentration, especially ineugenia subjected to S8 treatments (Table 1) .
Eugenia plants showed a higher increase in leaf turgor (Fig.1A) and a higherdecrease in leaf osmotic potential at full turgor in S8 treatment (Fig. 1B). Themain contributions to this osmotic adjustment in eugenia would be related tothe higher Na+ concentrations in the aerial part (Table 1) and as well as to theproline concentration (Fig. 1C). Both species showed similar values in the leafwater potential, although with a tendency to decrease in saline treatments (Fig.1D).
Gas exchange parameters in eugenia plants correlated with higher valuesin the photochemical quenching parameters [qP, Y(II) and Fv/Fm)] andlower values in the non‐photochemical quenching parameters [qN, NPQand Y(NPQ)], regardless of the applied treatment, being the oppositeresponse in myrtle (Table 2). An increase in photochemical quenchingparameters, as occurs in eugenia plants, indicated a greaterphotosynthetic efficiency (Maxwell and Johnson, 2000). A decrease in thenon‐photochemical quenching parameters, as occurs in myrtle plants,indicated a safe mechanism for removing excess light energy in form ofheat when photosynthetic mechanism do not work correctly (Maxwelland Johnson, 2000)
Photosynthetic rates (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs) levels were higher in eugenia plants than in myrtle plants in alltreatments (Figs. 2A and 2B). However, the severity of the saline treatment (S8) decreased gs especially in eugenia. In general,plants show a tendency to reduce stomatal opening in response to salt stress which may be a consequence of reduced roothydraulic conductivity and a decrease in leaf water potential (Navarro et al. 2007; Álvarez et al. 2012). However, photosynthesisactivity can remain high in spite of stomatal closure reflected in greater values of intrinsic water use efficiency (Pn/gs) as occurredin eugenia plants in response to salt stress (Fig. 2C).
CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, different mechanisms of salt tolerance have evolved in eugenia and myrtle plants, being eugenia who responded more actively to salt stress by involving Na+ and Cl‐ accumulation by the roots, higher osmotic adjustment degree and leaf turgor, higher intrinsic water use efficiency and a greater photosynthetic efficiency.
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