ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming TCP/IP Protocol

ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming

TCP/IP Protocol

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OSI Model (revisited)

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Summary of OSI Layers

4

Sample Network Algorithm

Listen to wire

Detect a preamble?

Read destination address

Is it broadcastaddress?

Is it my address?

Read dataframe contents

Frame passeddata integrity

check?

Deliver data to designated process

Ignoretransmission

Discarddata

Yes

No

Are signals detecteddata carrying or noise?

Is the listening computerthe intended party oris it for someone else?

Did the computer get a good message or is it corrupted?

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

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Adding and Stripping Headers/Trailers

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TCP/IP Protocol Suite

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Terminology TCP: Transmission Control Protocol UDP: User Datagram Protocol IP: Internetworking Protocol ARP: Address Resolution Protocol RARP: Reverse ARP ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol FTP: File Transfer Protocol DNS: Domain Name System (Service) SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol NFS: Network File System RPC: Remote Procedure Call TFTP: Trivial FTP

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IP Protocol Connectionless. IP packets are called datagrams. Best-effort: IP does its best to get the

packet to the destination. No error checking or tracking lost datagrams.

Each datagram is transmitted separately. This causes: Out of sequence datagrams Duplicate datagrams

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Addresses in TCP/IP

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Layer-Address Relationship in TCP/IP

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Physical Addressing

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IP Addressing

• Physical addresses are 48 bits.

• IPv4 addresses are 32 bits.

• Port addresses are 16 bits.

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Classful Addressing

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Classful Addressing (cont’d)

A mask is a 32-bit binary number that gives the first address in the block (the network address) when bitwise ANDed with an address in the block.

The network address is the beginning address of each block. It can be found by applying the default mask to any of the addresses in the block (including itself).

In classful addressing, the network address is the one that is assigned to the organization.

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Example: Class C Network

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Multihomed Hosts

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Direct Broadcast Address

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Limited Broadcast Address

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This Host on This Address (Bootstrapping)

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Specific Host on This Network

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Loopback Address

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Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast Addresses

Unicast communication is one-to-one.

Multicast communication is one-to-many.

Broadcast communication is one-to-all.

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Sample internet