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Internet TCP/IPCameron SchmidtJordan Gallo
Outline•History•TCP/IP Layers•Applications•Transport• Internetwork – IPV6•Network Interface and Hardware
History/Development•60’s and 70’s•Many standalone
networks•Difficult to
communicatebetween networks
History/Development•70s - Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
• Internetworking •Define a set of
protocols
History/Development•TCP/IP protocol took its
current form in 1978•1983 DARPA’s research
network ARPANET
TCP/IP•Protocol suite•Standard method of
interconnecting hosts, networks, and the internet
•Enables communication between hosts on different networks
Data Packet Diagram
Applications Data
TransportTCP
headerTCPData
InternetworkIP
header
IP Data
Link (Network interface and Hardware)
Frame header Frame Data Frame Footer
PacketProtocol Layer
How A Webpage Is Retrieved
Protocol Layers
Applications
Transport
Internetwork
Network Interface and Hardware
Applications
TCP/UDP
ICMP IP
ARP/RARP
Network Interface and Hardware
……
……
……
……
SMTP, Telenet, FTP…
TCP UDP
IP
Ethernet, Token-Ring, FDDI, X.25, Wireless, Async, ATM, SNA
ICMP
ARP RARP
Applications Layer•FTP•Telnet •SMTP•HTTP
Protocol Layers
Applications
Transport
Internetwork
Network Interface and Hardware
Applications
TCP/UDP
ICMP IP
ARP/RARP
Network Interface and Hardware
……
……
……
……
SMTP, Telenet, FTP…
TCP UDP
IP
Ethernet, Token-Ring, FDDI, X.25, Wireless, Async, ATM, SNA
ICMP
ARP RARP
Transport Layer•TCP connection oriented duplicate data
suppression congestion/flow control
•UDPConnectionlessbest- effort servicebetter performance
Transport LayerTCP Protocol Operation• 3 Main Stages
-Connection Establishment 3 step hand shake-Data Transfer error check, flow control, congestion control-Connection TerminationFIN packet transmitted, 4 step process
TCP Packet
Protocol Layers
Applications
Transport
Internetwork
Network Interface and Hardware
Applications
TCP/UDP
ICMP IP
ARP/RARP
Network Interface and Hardware
……
……
……
……
SMTP, Telenet, FTP…
TCP UDP
IP
Ethernet, Token-Ring, FDDI, X.25, Wireless, Async, ATM, SNA
ICMP
ARP RARP
Internetwork Layer• Internet layer or Network layer• IP is most important•Routing function that delivers data to destination• IP datagram is a message in an IP network
IP packet
IP addressing•Each host on a network is assigned an IP address•Network number is assigned by one of five Regional
Internet Registries (RIR), depending on geographical location
• IP address = <Network Number><Host Number>
IP Address Classes
•Class based on size of network, A B C
•D - multicasting, multiple hosts receive single datagram
•E - experimental use
IP Addresses Running Out?• IPv4 was implemented
in early 80’s•A maximum of 2^32
addresses could be assigned
•NAT & CIDR
What Is Being Done?• IPv6 – next Internet protocol
suite that can have 2^128 IP addresses
•Slowly being implemented by businesses
•Will eventually become the new standard
Protocol Layers
Applications
Transport
Internetwork
Network Interface and Hardware
Applications
TCP/UDP
ICMP IP
ARP/RARP
Network Interface and Hardware
……
……
……
……
SMTP, Telenet, FTP…
TCP UDP
IP
Ethernet, Token-Ring, FDDI, X.25, Wireless, Async, ATM, SNA
ICMP
ARP RARP
Network Interface Layer• Link layer or Data-Link
layer• Interface to network
hardware•No particular protocol is
specified•Ethernet, WLAN, IEEE
802.2, X.25, ATM, FDDI, SNA
References• http://www.yale.edu/pclt/COMM/TCPIP.HTM• http://www.garykessler.net/library/tcpip.html• http://www.linuxjunkies.org/network/tcpip/intro1.html• http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=377101• http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/pdfs/gg243376.pdf• http://www.omnisecu.com/tcpip/tcpip-model.htm• http://gargasz.info/index.php/how-internet-works-dns/• http://penguin.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/academic/networks/application-layer/ftp/index.php• http://www.avast.com.au/server_protection/smtp• http://km2.iiietc.ncu.edu.tw/xms/content/show.php?id=17803• http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FdmXjI_9KMI/TBUy2HdobQI/AAAAAAAAAE8/rfpSs9VjODo/s1600/
LAN1_lanfig1_0000.GIF• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/World_IPv6_launch_logo.svg/500px-
World_IPv6_launch_logo.svg.png• http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa918342.aspx• http://computing.dcu.ie/~humphrys/Notes/Networks/tanenbaum/5-53.jpg• http://projectcongregate.net/survey/pics/arnet-1970.png• http://projectcongregate.net/survey/pics/arnet-1977.png• http://www.dlpcorporate.com/wp-content/uploads/ip-empty.jpg
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