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Discovering Maritime Discovering Maritime
TransportationTransportation
Sig
nifi
cance
of
Sig
nifi
cance
of
the Indust
ry
the Indust
ry
Transport roughly
Transport roughly 14% of total
14% of total national freight
national freight26.5% of total
26.5% of total domestic ton-
domestic ton-milesmilesEmploy close to
Employ close to 200,000200,000Average
Average compensation =
compensation = 47,00047,000
Genera
l Serv
ice
Genera
l Serv
ice
Chara
cteri
stic
s
Chara
cteri
stic
s
Commodities Hauled
Commodities HauledDry bulk (coal &
Dry bulk (coal & coke) = 28.3%
coke) = 28.3% Petroleum (&
Petroleum (& related) = 24.4%
related) = 24.4% Food & farm =
Food & farm = 14.4%14.4%Chemicals = 8.4%
Chemicals = 8.4% Iron ore, iron & steel
Iron ore, iron & steel
= 4.7%= 4.7%All other = 19.8%
All other = 19.8%
Genera
l Serv
ice
Genera
l Serv
ice
Chara
cteri
stic
s
Chara
cteri
stic
s
Length of Haul
Length of Haul Internal carriers average
Internal carriers average
haul 482 miles
haul 482 miles Great Lakes carriers
Great Lakes carriers
average 508 miles
average 508 miles Coastal average 1652
Coastal average 1652
milesmiles Load Size
Load Size Barges normally transport
Barges normally transport
1000 – 1500 tons (max
1000 – 1500 tons (max
capacity 3000 tons)
capacity 3000 tons) Equivalent to 16 railcars or
Equivalent to 16 railcars or
60 trucks60 trucks Great Lakes carriers
Great Lakes carriers
average 20,000 tons
average 20,000 tons
Genera
l Serv
ice
Genera
l Serv
ice
Chara
cteri
stic
s
Chara
cteri
stic
s
Low-Cost Service
Low-Cost Service Primary advantage
Primary advantage Lowest cost mode for
Lowest cost mode for
shipment of non-liquid
shipment of non-liquid
products (1997
products (1997 averages below)
averages below) Barge per-ton fees =
Barge per-ton fees =
$0.73$0.73 Rail per-ton fees = $2.40
Rail per-ton fees = $2.40
Truck per-ton fees =
Truck per-ton fees =
$26.12$26.12 Oil pipelines per-ton fees
Oil pipelines per-ton fees
= $1.37= $1.37
Genera
l Serv
ice
Genera
l Serv
ice
Chara
cteri
stic
s
Chara
cteri
stic
s
Speed of Service
Speed of Service Transit time longest of
Transit time longest of
the 4 modes that move
the 4 modes that move
non-liquidsnon-liquids Speeds average
Speeds average between 5 – 10 miles
between 5 – 10 miles
per hour (upstream vs.
per hour (upstream vs.
downstream)
downstream) Service Disruption
Service Disruption IceIce Hurricanes
Hurricanes
Types
of
Vehic
les
Types
of
Vehic
les
TankerTanker Largest ship in
Largest ship in domestic water
domestic water industryindustry 18,000 – 50,000 tons
18,000 – 50,000 tons
BargeBarge Most commonly used
Most commonly used
vessel by internal
vessel by internal waterway carriers
waterway carriers Powerless (towed by
Powerless (towed by
a tugboat)a tugboat) 1500 – 3000 tons
1500 – 3000 tons
Term
inals
Term
inals
Most often provided
Most often provided by the public
by the public Local government
Local government agencies operate ports
agencies operate ports
and storage facilities
and storage facilities Some private firms
Some private firms invest in own
invest in own terminalsterminals Grain, coal, oil
Grain, coal, oilContainerization
Containerization criticalcritical
Recommended