Discovering Maritime Discovering Maritime

TransportationTransportation

Sig

nifi

cance

of

Sig

nifi

cance

of

the Indust

ry

the Indust

ry

Transport roughly

Transport roughly 14% of total

14% of total national freight

national freight26.5% of total

26.5% of total domestic ton-

domestic ton-milesmilesEmploy close to

Employ close to 200,000200,000Average

Average compensation =

compensation = 47,00047,000

Genera

l Serv

ice

Genera

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ice

Chara

cteri

stic

s

Chara

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stic

s

Commodities Hauled

Commodities HauledDry bulk (coal &

Dry bulk (coal & coke) = 28.3%

coke) = 28.3% Petroleum (&

Petroleum (& related) = 24.4%

related) = 24.4% Food & farm =

Food & farm = 14.4%14.4%Chemicals = 8.4%

Chemicals = 8.4% Iron ore, iron & steel

Iron ore, iron & steel

= 4.7%= 4.7%All other = 19.8%

All other = 19.8%

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l Serv

ice

Genera

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Chara

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Length of Haul

Length of Haul Internal carriers average

Internal carriers average

haul 482 miles

haul 482 miles Great Lakes carriers

Great Lakes carriers

average 508 miles

average 508 miles Coastal average 1652

Coastal average 1652

milesmiles Load Size

Load Size Barges normally transport

Barges normally transport

1000 – 1500 tons (max

1000 – 1500 tons (max

capacity 3000 tons)

capacity 3000 tons) Equivalent to 16 railcars or

Equivalent to 16 railcars or

60 trucks60 trucks Great Lakes carriers

Great Lakes carriers

average 20,000 tons

average 20,000 tons

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Chara

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Chara

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Low-Cost Service

Low-Cost Service Primary advantage

Primary advantage Lowest cost mode for

Lowest cost mode for

shipment of non-liquid

shipment of non-liquid

products (1997

products (1997 averages below)

averages below) Barge per-ton fees =

Barge per-ton fees =

$0.73$0.73 Rail per-ton fees = $2.40

Rail per-ton fees = $2.40

Truck per-ton fees =

Truck per-ton fees =

$26.12$26.12 Oil pipelines per-ton fees

Oil pipelines per-ton fees

= $1.37= $1.37

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Speed of Service

Speed of Service Transit time longest of

Transit time longest of

the 4 modes that move

the 4 modes that move

non-liquidsnon-liquids Speeds average

Speeds average between 5 – 10 miles

between 5 – 10 miles

per hour (upstream vs.

per hour (upstream vs.

downstream)

downstream) Service Disruption

Service Disruption IceIce Hurricanes

Hurricanes

Types

of

Vehic

les

Types

of

Vehic

les

TankerTanker Largest ship in

Largest ship in domestic water

domestic water industryindustry 18,000 – 50,000 tons

18,000 – 50,000 tons

BargeBarge Most commonly used

Most commonly used

vessel by internal

vessel by internal waterway carriers

waterway carriers Powerless (towed by

Powerless (towed by

a tugboat)a tugboat) 1500 – 3000 tons

1500 – 3000 tons

Term

inals

Term

inals

Most often provided

Most often provided by the public

by the public Local government

Local government agencies operate ports

agencies operate ports

and storage facilities

and storage facilities Some private firms

Some private firms invest in own

invest in own terminalsterminals Grain, coal, oil

Grain, coal, oilContainerization

Containerization criticalcritical