Design Unit Test Review Elements & Principles. What are the 5 Elements? Space Line Texture Form ...
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- Slide 1
- Design Unit Test Review Elements & Principles
- Slide 2
- What are the 5 Elements? Space Line Texture Form Color
- Slide 3
- Elements of Design: Colour p.407-425
- Slide 4
- Colour has symbolic differences from culture to culture Europe
& North America: Brides wear white India & China: Brides
wear red America: Black is for mourning Africa: Black symbolizes
strength China: Black indicates joy
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- Colour & Mood Colour influences how people feel It can be
used to create a certain mood [ex: red may make you feel bold or
excited] Colour can make a room feel cool (blues & greens) or
warm (reds & yellows) The colours you choose will depend on how
you use the room
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- Colour & Optical Illusions Things appear closer with warm
colour and farther with cool colours Bold & bright colours will
cause objects to stand out more than pale colours
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- The Colour Wheel: Primary Colours Red, Yellow, Blue [colour 1
sections] Equal distance apart on the colour wheel Mixing other
colours cannot create primary colours
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- The Colour Wheel: Secondary Colours Orange, Green, Violet
[colour 2 sections] Mixing equal parts of 2 primary colours makes
secondary colours
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- The Colour Wheel: Tertiary Colours Created by combining a
primary colour with a neighboring secondary colour [colour 3
sections]
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- The Colour Wheel
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- Colour Terms Hue: the specific name of a colour Intensity: the
colours brightness or dullness (primary colours are the most
intense) Value: the amount of black or white in a colour Tint: when
you add white to a colour to lighten it (ex red to pink) Shade:
when you add black to a colour to darken it (ex: blue to navy)
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- Hue This is orange Intensity Less Intense More intense
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- Value Tint Shade BLUE Add whiteAdd Black
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- What are Neutrals? They are not colors on the color wheel
Brown, black, white, beige, etc.
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- Colour Schemes See handout & textbook (p.415) to complete
colour schemes
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- The Impact of Colour: Cool colours (ex: blue, green, violet)
give the illusion of distance Warm colours (ex: red, orange,
yellow) tend to make items advance Contrasting colours (ex: red
& green) make objects more defined
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- What must be considered before deciding on a colour scheme? p.
418-9
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- Things to consider when planning colour: Style of the room Mood
of the room What effect do you want to create? Ask the client How
much time will be spent in the room p. 418-9
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- Elements of Design Element #2: Line
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- Marks space Outlines form Conveys a sense of movement or
direction One dimension: length Line
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- Lines can be Vertical Diagonal Horizontal Curved Our eyes will
naturally follow the length of a line. Therefore, we use lines to
create illusions or design effects in a space
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- Vertical lines Create a sense of height Create a sense of
action
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- Horizontal lines: Create a feeling of rest/relaxation Can add
length to a space
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- Diagonal or zig zag lines: Create a sense of excitement Create
a sense of movement or energy
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- Curved lines: Create a sense of freedom Feel natural
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- FORM October 28 th 2013
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- Function what a form will be used for. Example, a beds function
is a place to sleep Aesthetic the beauty, artistic impact, or
appearance of a form
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- Form may be two dimensional having length and width Like a wall
Like a window
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- Form may also be three dimensional having length, width and
depth. Like a coffee table
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- Form follows Function, Function follows Form The FORM of the
object helps the FUNCTION of the object and because of the FUNCTION
of the object, the FORM will be suited to that FUNCTION. Easy
Example: A Lazy Boy Chair
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- + The Elements of Design SPACE
- Slide 32
- + Element #1 SPACE What is space? The three dimensional area
designed by a designer Examples: a room, a house, a restaurant, a
park, etc. A designer either fills or leaves a space open
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- + Negative Space: not to be confused with bad or undesirable
space The amount of unfilled space Space not taken up by furniture
or objects A designer knows how much negative space is needed to
make a space look and feel comfortable
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- Texture
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- Texture has to do with the look and feel that certain textural
pieces invoke Before you think, great this is going to be stupid
consider some of the textures from your childhood Everyone knows
that colour plays a huge part in design but texture is also a large
part, if its done right
- Slide 36
- Texture Texture is the appearance or feel of the surface of an
object. This looks like rough bricks, however it is flat wallpaper
Brick or wallpaper?
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- Textures can be o physically touched (TACTILE TEXTURE) o
Experienced visually (VISUAL TEXTURE) You can often predict what a
surface will feel like by looking at it, however certain printing
techniques can fool the eye.
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- Texture & Effects SMOOTH TEXTURES: Appear lighter in colour
because they reflect light Attract attention ROUGH TEXTURES: Appear
darker in colour because they absorb light Objects may seem
larger
- Slide 39
- Scale Balance Proportion Rhythm Emphasis Unity &
Variety
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- Scale Principles of Design
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- There are three ways to think about scale: 1. Human to objects
scale 2. Object to object scale 3. Object(s) to space scale
- Slide 42
- Human Scale Human scale refers to the relationship between the
human body and its environment C. Colli Interior spaces that are
excessively large make us, the humans interacting with the space,
feel small. Ex: an oversized hotel lobby. On the contrary, spaces
that are too small make us feel large. Ex: a small childs
playroom.
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- Objects/Forms to Space Finally, we must consider the scale
between the objects/forms to a space. Furniture can be too large
for a space There can be too much furniture There can be too much
negative space There can be good scale of objects to space!
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- The Principles of Design Balance
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- The design principle that provides a feeling of equality It
occurs when the amount, size or weight of objects on both sides of
a center point is equal or when groups of objects seem to be equal
The two main techniques for achieving balance are: Symmetrical
balance or Formal balance Asymmetrical balance or Informal
balance
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- Symmetrical Balance The arrangement of forms on one side of an
imaginary central line is the mirror image of the forms on the
opposite side Symmetry conveys dignity, quiet, and a feeling of
rest and calm Applying symmetrical design is a good place to start
when first working with balance but if overused, it may have a
monotonous appearance
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- Asymmetrical Balance Elements on either side of an imaginary
central line are unmatched, but appear to be in balance Different
sizes, forms, textures, and colors can be combined to achieve
asymmetrical balance Example, a round object can balance a square
object of similar or apparently similar weight/size
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- The Principles of Design Design rules for the elements
- Slide 50
- #1 Proportion The size relationships that can be found within
an object Proportions are expressed as ratios (2:3) This principle
was developed by the ancient Greeks. They discovered that some
proportions are more pleasing than others
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- Slide 52
- Pleasing Proportions continued Unequal divisions of space are
often more appealing to the eye than equal divisions How would you
use a patterned throw to create unequal distribution?
- Slide 53
- The Golden Section Ancient Greeks studied proportion and
developed the theory of the Golden Section It is the division of a
line between one-half and one-third of its total length Ex. curtain
tiebacks
- Slide 54
- The Golden Rectangle Use this sequence to approximate a golden
rectangle: 2,3,5,8,13 (notice how each number is the sum of the two
preceding numbers). A rectangle with dimensions based on two
consecutive numbers in the sequence 3:5 or 8:13 will be close to
the ideal shape http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmaVqkR0ZXg
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- Principle:
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- What is Rhythm? It is the principle that suggests connected
movement between different parts of a design It could be created
with the elements: color, lines, forms, or textures Rhythm can be
referred to as continuity It can add interest but if overused can
create monotony
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- This is the most common form of rhythm It is the act of
repeating. It can be a pattern A A A A or an alternating pattern
such as A B A B of different elements The repeating pattern leads
the eye from one point to another
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- When lines radiate, or move outward, from a central point
- Slide 60
- Gradation A gradual increasing or decreasing of color, size, or
pattern Gradation causes the eye to follow the line created Gradual
changes in form is more pleasing than an abrupt one
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- When lines come together to form right angles
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- When lines change direction by flowing in a curve, or when
curved lines lead the eye from one object to another
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- The Principles of Design Emphasis
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- We often use the terms center of interest and/or focal point to
describe this principle The emphasis should be on something that
draws attention It could be an object, a group of objects, color,
etc. The choice of emphasis is personal. It should be dominant but
not overpower the rest of the space
- Slide 65
- Chapter 24 Choosing Backgrounds
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- What are Backgrounds? Floors, walls, ceilings, and windows are
the Backgrounds in interior design.
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- There are three types of flooring: - Hard - Soft -
Resilient
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- There are many types of countertop materials: - Granite -
Marble - Concrete - Steel
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- There are many ways to finish walls in a home - Drywall - Tile
- Plaster - Concrete
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- Chapter 27 Choosing Lighting & Accessories
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- Direct and Indirect Direct Light shines on specific areas
Indirect Light is light reflected off of ceilings and walls. This
light is diffused and softened
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- Slide 73
- Incandescent Light Bulbs - Weaknesses Fluorescent - Strengths
Fibre Optics - Notes Halogen Bulbs - Weakness Light Emitting Diodes
(LED) - Strength
- Slide 74
- Without accessories, a room is sterile. An interior space needs
to be more than just walls, floors, and ceiling. Here are some
examples of accessories:
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http://www.pinterest.com/mrobin032009/home-interior-design-accessories/