Density’s affect on Earth Layers of the Earth And Atmosphere

Density’s affect on Earth

Layers of the Earth And Atmosphere

I. Layers of The Earth—Inside Out”

A. The Inner CoreB. The Outer CoreC. The MantleD. The Crust

Layer Size State of Matter

Compostition(what its made of)

Density

Temperature

Inner Core

1300 Km Thick

Solid Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)----or steel

11.5 g/cm³

5000-6000ºC

OuterCore

2250 Km Thick

Liquid Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)----or steel

10.5 g/cm³

2200-5000ºC

Mantle

2900 KmThick

Putty-likeSolid

Mostly:1.Silicon2.Oxygen3.Iron (7.8 g/cm3)4.Magnesium (1.7 g/cm3)

4.4 g/cm³

870-2200ºC

Crust 8-32 Km Thick

Solid Rock

Made of most of the elements—most common: 1. Oxygen 46%--(1.4 g/cm3)2.Silicon 27%--(2.3 g/cm3) 3.Aluminum 8%--(2.7 g/cm3)

2.7g/cm³

0-100ºC

II. Inner Core

A. Solid B. Composition: Iron (Fe) and Nickel

(Ni)----or steel C. Size: 1300 Km Radius D. Temperature: 5,000 – 6000° C E. Average Density: 11.5 g/cm3

F. Earths Core— creates a magnetic field around the earth (magnetosphere).

Van Allen Belts: Magnetism burning up UV radiation from sun

III. Outer Core A. Liquid B. Composition: Iron and Nickel C. Size: 2250 Km thick D. Temperature: 2200-5000ºC E. Average Density: 10.5 g/ml

IV. The Mantle A. Putty-Like Solid B. Composition: Mostly Silicon (Si--

2.3 g/cm3), Oxygen (O---1.4 g/cm3), Iron (Fe--- 7.8 g/cm3), and Magnesium (Mg--- 1.7 g/cm3).

C. Size: 2900 Km thick D. Temperature: 870-2200ºC E. Average Density: 4.4 g/cm3

F. Forces in the Mantle: Convection Currents cause movement in the crust—Earthquakes and Volcanoes.

V. Crust

• A. About 8-32 Kilometers Thick.B. Temperature between about 0-100 C.C. Solid Rock.D. Composed of most of the elements

known to man—most common Oxygen 46%, Silicon 27%, and Aluminum 8%

G. Composed of Tectonic Plates

Tectonic Plates

VI. Hydrosphere:

A. The Oceans, Lakes, Glaciers, and clouds on top of the earth’s crust.

B. The average density is 1 g/ml.

Earths Atmosphere: Lowest to highest

Layers Properties Temperature

Altitude

Troposphere

17 to -52° C

14.5 Km

Stratosphere

Around -3° C

50 Km

Mesosphere

Around -93° C

85 Km

Thermosphere

Around 1,727° C

600 Km

VII. AtmosphereA. Composition:

78% Nitrogen and 21 % Oxygen. The rest is Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other trace gases.

B. Layers: 1. Troposphere: The lowest layer where we live. Clouds and weather form here. 14.5 Km high and temp is 17 to -52° C.

2. Stratosphere: Contains the ozone layer (molecules of three Oxygen atoms) which burns up deadly rays from the sun. Goes to about 50Km high and temp is around -3° C.

Layers Cont.

3. Mesosphere: Goes to 85 Km. Temp -93°C. It is the coldest layer. It is also the layer in which meteors burn up.

4. Thermosphere: The hottest layer of the atmosphere—up to 1,727°C it extends to 600 Km high.

VIII. PropertiesA) The higher you go the less dense.

B) The higher you go the less pressure.