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Density’s affect on Earth
Layers of the Earth And Atmosphere
I. Layers of The Earth—Inside Out”
A. The Inner CoreB. The Outer CoreC. The MantleD. The Crust
Layer Size State of Matter
Compostition(what its made of)
Density
Temperature
Inner Core
1300 Km Thick
Solid Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)----or steel
11.5 g/cm³
5000-6000ºC
OuterCore
2250 Km Thick
Liquid Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)----or steel
10.5 g/cm³
2200-5000ºC
Mantle
2900 KmThick
Putty-likeSolid
Mostly:1.Silicon2.Oxygen3.Iron (7.8 g/cm3)4.Magnesium (1.7 g/cm3)
4.4 g/cm³
870-2200ºC
Crust 8-32 Km Thick
Solid Rock
Made of most of the elements—most common: 1. Oxygen 46%--(1.4 g/cm3)2.Silicon 27%--(2.3 g/cm3) 3.Aluminum 8%--(2.7 g/cm3)
2.7g/cm³
0-100ºC
II. Inner Core
A. Solid B. Composition: Iron (Fe) and Nickel
(Ni)----or steel C. Size: 1300 Km Radius D. Temperature: 5,000 – 6000° C E. Average Density: 11.5 g/cm3
F. Earths Core— creates a magnetic field around the earth (magnetosphere).
Van Allen Belts: Magnetism burning up UV radiation from sun
III. Outer Core A. Liquid B. Composition: Iron and Nickel C. Size: 2250 Km thick D. Temperature: 2200-5000ºC E. Average Density: 10.5 g/ml
IV. The Mantle A. Putty-Like Solid B. Composition: Mostly Silicon (Si--
2.3 g/cm3), Oxygen (O---1.4 g/cm3), Iron (Fe--- 7.8 g/cm3), and Magnesium (Mg--- 1.7 g/cm3).
C. Size: 2900 Km thick D. Temperature: 870-2200ºC E. Average Density: 4.4 g/cm3
F. Forces in the Mantle: Convection Currents cause movement in the crust—Earthquakes and Volcanoes.
V. Crust
• A. About 8-32 Kilometers Thick.B. Temperature between about 0-100 C.C. Solid Rock.D. Composed of most of the elements
known to man—most common Oxygen 46%, Silicon 27%, and Aluminum 8%
G. Composed of Tectonic Plates
Tectonic Plates
VI. Hydrosphere:
A. The Oceans, Lakes, Glaciers, and clouds on top of the earth’s crust.
B. The average density is 1 g/ml.
Earths Atmosphere: Lowest to highest
Layers Properties Temperature
Altitude
Troposphere
17 to -52° C
14.5 Km
Stratosphere
Around -3° C
50 Km
Mesosphere
Around -93° C
85 Km
Thermosphere
Around 1,727° C
600 Km
VII. AtmosphereA. Composition:
78% Nitrogen and 21 % Oxygen. The rest is Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other trace gases.
B. Layers: 1. Troposphere: The lowest layer where we live. Clouds and weather form here. 14.5 Km high and temp is 17 to -52° C.
2. Stratosphere: Contains the ozone layer (molecules of three Oxygen atoms) which burns up deadly rays from the sun. Goes to about 50Km high and temp is around -3° C.
Layers Cont.
3. Mesosphere: Goes to 85 Km. Temp -93°C. It is the coldest layer. It is also the layer in which meteors burn up.
4. Thermosphere: The hottest layer of the atmosphere—up to 1,727°C it extends to 600 Km high.
VIII. PropertiesA) The higher you go the less dense.
B) The higher you go the less pressure.