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The photomicrographs on the opposing page represent the range of igneous rocks and intimately associated sedimentsrecovered from four of the six holes reaching 'basement' or 'acoustic basement' (in the case of one sill) on Leg 24. Their arrange-ment is not rigorous top to bottom either on this page or in a section, but only indicative. However, such a composite assem-blage does demonstrate the freshness of volcanic glass and the frequent presence of only slightly metamorphosed and some-times datable sediments at considerable depth in 'basement'. Most included sediments here are taken to be crack or cavityfillings, trickling into fractures prior to extrusion of very thin, fluid surficial glasses and glassy breccias.
1. 24-238-57-3-6Slightly metamorphosed fossiliferous carbonate sediment preserved in a crack nearly 20 m below the top of
'basement' flows.Magnification: 10 X. Crossed nicols.
2. 24-232A-17-CC
Continent-derived sandstone, from a block that was faulted or slumped from near southern Arabia. Angular torounded quartz (to 90%), Plagioclase (microcline?), biotite, amphibole, minor sphene, monazite, magnetite, andzircon; calcite cement. Rotate field 90° clockwise for proper orientation.
Magnification: 40 X. Crossed nicols.3. 24-238-56-2-4
Fresh to devitrifying basaltic glass; palagonite lining cavities. Fresh Plagioclase and augite phenocrysts. Roundvesicles and irregular cavities filled with spar. Flow 12 m below top of igneous section.
Magnification: 10 X. Crossed nicols.
4. 24-235-18-CC-4Carbonatized clay overlying fractured, fibrous, variolitic vesicular basalt. Filled vesicles, and veinlets of calcite-
chlorite-zeolites, with Plagioclase corroded and being replaced by chlorite.
Magnification: 10 X. Crossed nicols.5. 24-235-19-3-21
Altered variolitic basalt, with Plagioclase phenocrysts being replaced by chlorite and olivine by serpentine.Filled vesicles. Horizon lies about 23 m below top of igneous section.
Magnification: 10 X. Crossed nicols.6. 24-233 A-13-CC-3
Veined, fairly fresh augite diabase from a sill 8+ m thick within the sedimentary section. Fresh euhedral tosubhedral Plagioclase, subhedral clinopyroxene, opaques 2-3%. Vein of calcite-chlorite which also fills cavities;fibrous chlorite, and isolated serpentine after olivine (?).
Magnification: 10 X. Crossed nicols.7. 24-238-55-1-14
Selvage of brecciated, palagonitized glass with vug or cavity geopetally filled with carbonate becoming neomor-phic spar. Rotate field 90° counterclockwise for proper orientation. Commonly associated with porphyritic de-vitrifying glass, as 3.
Magnification: 10 X. Crossed nicols.8. 24-238-55-3-11
Extremely vesicular microdiabase from the interior of a pillow about 4 m below the top of the igneous section.Abundant rather fresh augite. The microdiabasic texture, abundance of large round vesicles and their partial fillingby calcite-zeolites suggests saturation by volatiles.
Magnification: 40 X. Crossed nicols.9. 24-233 A l 3-CC-3 (same slide as 6, above)
Fresh equigranular augite diabase from a massive gray 8 m sill within the sediment section. Subhedral labra-dorite, very minor orthopyroxene, and 2-3% opaques.
Magnification: 40 X. Crossed nicols.
10. 24-238-64-2-12
Brecciated basaltic glass, palagonite, and carbonate sediment metamorphosed to spar in cavities, from the lowesthard-rock horizon reached on Leg 24, 75-80 m below the top of the 'basement'.
Magnification: 10 X. Crossed nicols.
(Thin sections, Leonid Dmitriev; photography, Robert M. Beer)
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Initial Reportsof the
Deep Sea Drilling Project
A Project Planned by and Carried Out With the Advice of theJOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES)
Volume XXIVcovering Leg 24 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger
Djibouti, F. T. A. I. to Port Louis, MauritiusMay-June 1972
PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS
Robert L. Fisher, Elizabeth T. Bunce, Paul J. Cernock, David C. Clegg,David S. Cronan, Vincenzo V. Damiani, Leonid V.Dmitriev,
David J. J. Kinsman, Peter H. Roth, Jorn Thiede, Edith Vincent
SCIENCE EDITOR
Lillian Musich
Prepared for theNATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONNational Ocean Sediment Coring Program
Under Contract C-482By the
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIAScripps Institution of Oceanography
Prime Contractor for the Project
References to this Volume
It is recommended that reference to whole or part of this volumebe made in one of the following forms, as appropriate:
Fisher, R. L., Bunce, E. T., et al., 1974. Initial Reports of theDeep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 24, Washington (U.S. Gov-ernment Printing Office) .... + .... pp.
Thiede, Jorn, 1974, Sediment Coarse Fractions From the WesternIndian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden, Deep Sea Drilling Project,Leg 24; In Fisher, R. L., Bunce, E. T., et al., Initial Reportsof the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 24, Washington (U.S.Government Printing Office) p. 651-766.
Printed: October 1974
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74-603338
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, D.C. 20402 - Price $19.20
ForewordThe year 1972 marks the 100th anni-
versary of H.M.S. CHALLENGER—afterwhich D/V GLOMAR CHALLENGER isnamed. It is fitting that our century shouldhave its counterpart to the famous ship of the19th century, which helped establish ocean-ography as a science through her voyages. It isequally fitting that GLOMAR CHALLENGERshould be plying the same waters one centurylater seeking answers to new problems concern-ing the history of our planet and of life on it.The fundamental advancement of our knowl-edge of the earth will lead to enhanced capabili-ties to understand its processes and to exploitits natural resources intelligently.
The Deep Sea Drilling Project is beingundertaken within the context of the NationalScience Foundation^ Ocean Sediment CoringProgram. The Foundation is funding the projectby means of a contract with the University ofCalifornia, and the Scripps Institution of Ocean-ography is responsible for its management. TheUniversity has, in turn, subcontracted withGlobal Marine Incorporated for the services ofthe drilling ship, GLOMAR CHALLENGER.Scientific planning, both of the detailed itineraryand of the preliminary analyses leading to theseInitial Reports, has been conducted under theauspices of the Joint Oceanographic Institutionsfor Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES). TheJOIDES consortium has convened severalpanels for that purpose, consisting of a largenumber of distinguished scientists from aca-demic institutions, government agencies, andprivate industry. Altogether, the project hasinvolved the active interest and participationof many of the Nation's best scientists and tech-nologists. Leading scientists from abroad haveparticipated and their countries have madecontributions to the project.
The first ocean coring operations for theDeep Sea Drilling Project began on August 11,1968. During the ensuing 18 months of drillingoperations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans,the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea,the scientific objectives that had been set forthwere successfully accomplished. Primarily, theage of the ocean basins and their processes of
development were determined. Emphasis wasplaced on broad reconnaissance and on testingthe involvement of the mid-oceanic rise systemsin the development of the ocean basins.
As a result of the success of the Deep SeaDrilling Project, the National Science Founda-tion extended its contract with the Universityof California to encompass an additional 30months of drilling, allowing GLOMAR CHAL-LENGER to continue operations throughoutthe oceans of the world in exploring the deepocean floors. This extension includes a broadgeographic range of operations in the Atlantic,Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and the Mediter-ranean, Caribbean, Bering, and Red Seas. Theultimate goal is a fundamental advancement ofour knowledge of the earth.
These reports contain the results of initialstudies of the recovered core material and theassociated geophysical information. The con-tribution to knowledge has been exceedinglylarge and future studies of the core materialover many years will contribute much more.The National Science Board in its 1971 report,"Environmental Science—Challenge for theSeventies," stressed the importance of the workof the GLOMAR CHALLENGER:
Special mention should be made of the de-velopment of new types of deep sea drillingtechniques and their use on the unique, proto-type vessel, GLOMAR CHALLENGER. Thisfacility has brought to light in only a fewyears information that has literally revolu-tionized man's understanding of the physicalprocesses occurring in the earth's crust.
Moreover, industry should benefit greatlyfrom the project—from the technological ad-vances that are being made and through the in-formation being obtained on natural resources.
H./Güyford Stever
Washington, D. C.June 1972
Recognizing the need in the Oceanographiccommunity for scientific planning of a programto obtain deep sedimentary cores from theocean bottoms, four of the major Oceano-graphic institutions that had strong interests andprograms in the fields of marine geology andgeophysics, formed in May 1964, the JointOceanographic Institutions for Deep EarthSampling (JOIDES). This group, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory; RosenstielSchool of Marine and Atmospheric Science,University of Miami; the Scripps Institution ofOceanography, University of California at SanDiego; and the Woods Hole OceanographicInstitution, expressed an interest in undertakingscientific planning and guidance of the sedi-mentary drilling program. It was the purposeof this group to foster programs to investigatethe sediments and rocks beneath the deepoceans by drilling and coring. The membershipof this original group was later enlarged in1968 when the University of Washington be-came a member.
Through discussions sponsored by theJOIDES organization, with support from theNational Science Foundation the Lamont-Doh-erty Geological Observatory operated a drillingprogram with Dr. J. Lamar Worzel as PrincipalInvestigator. This successful drilling effort earlyin the summer of 1965, on the Blake Plateauregion off Jacksonville, Florida, used the drillingvessel, Caldrill I.
With this success in hand, planning beganfor a more extensive deep sea effort. This re-sulted in the award of a contract by the NationalScience Foundation to the University of Cali-fornia for an eighteen-month drilling programin the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, termed theDeep Sea Drilling Project. Operations at seabegan in August 1968.
vπ
The goal of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectis to gather scientific information that will helpdetermine the age and processes of develop-ment of the ocean basins. The primary strategyis to drill deep holes into the ocean floor, relyinglargely on technology developed by the petro-leum industry.
Through the efforts of these five principalorganizations and of the panel members whichwere drawn from a large cross section of lead-ing earth scientists and associates, a scientificprogram was developed.
Cores recovered from deep beneath theocean floor will provide reference material fora multitude of future studies in fields such asbiostratigraphy, physical stratigraphy, and pa-leomagnetism, that will afford a new scope forstudies of the physical and chemical aspects ofsediment provenance, transportation, deposi-tion, and diagensis. In-hole measurements, asfeasible, should provide petrophysical data topermit inference of lithology of intervals fromwhich no cores were recovered.
A report, describing the core materials andinformation obtained both at sea and in labora-tories on shore, is published as soon as possibleafter the completion of each cruise. These re-ports are a cooperative effort of the scientistsparticipating in the cruise and are intended pri-marily to be a compilation of results which, itis hoped, will be the starting point for manyfuture new and exciting research programs.Preliminary interpretations of the data and ob-servations taken at sea, are also included.
Core materials and data collected on thecruise will be made available to qualified scien-tists through the Curator of the Deep SeaDrilling Project, following a Sample Distribution
Policy (p. xvii) approved by the National Sci-ence Foundation.
The advent of Glomar Challenger, with itsdeep-water drilling ability, is exceedingly time-ly. It has come when geophysical investigationof the oceans has matured through 20 to 30years of vigorous growth to the point wherewe have some knowledge about much of theformerly unknown oceanic areas of our planet.About one million miles of traverses had beenmade which tell us much about the global pat-tern of gravity, magnetic and thermal anomalies,and about the composition, thickness and strati-fication of the sedimentary cover of the deep-sea and continental margin. The coverage withsuch data has enabled the site selection panelsto pick choice locations for drilling. The knowl-edge gained from each hole can be extendedinto the surrounding area. Detailed geophysicalsurveys were made for most of the selected lo-cations prior to drilling.
The earth sciences have recently maturedfrom an empirical status to one in which sub-stantial theories and hypotheses about majortectonic processes are flourishing. Theoriesabout the origin of magnetic fields and magneticreversals, about ocean floor spreading and con-tinental drift, and about the thermal history ofour planet, have led to specific predictions thatcould be tested best by an enlightened programof sampling of deep-sea and continental marginsediments and underlying rocks.
The members of JOIDES and the scien-tists from all interested organizations who haveserved on the various advisory panels are proudto have been of service to the Nation and be-lieve that the information and core materialsthat have been obtained will be of value to stu-dents of earth sciences and all humanity formany years to come.
vui
Deep SeaDrilling Project
MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINTOCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FORDEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES):
Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, ColumbiaUniversity
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sci-ence, University of Miami.
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University ofCalifornia
University of Washington
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
OPERATING INSTITUTION:
Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa Jolla, CaliforniaW. A. Nierenberg, Director
DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT
Principal Investigator andProject Manager
M. N. A. Peterson
Project Chief ScientistN. T. Edgar
IX
Participants AboardGLOMAR CHALLENGER for Leg Twenty Four:
Dr. Robert L. FisherCo-Chief Scientist
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
Miss Elizabeth T. BunceCo-Chief Scientist
Woods Hole OceanographicInstitution
Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Dr. Paul J. CernockSedimentologist Physical Properties
TEXACO, Inc.New Orleans, Louisiana
Mr. David C. CleggPaleontologist
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
Dr. David S. CronanSedimentologist
University of OttawaOttawa, OntarioCANADA
Dr. Vincenzo V. DamianiSedimentologist
Instituto Italiano di IdrobiolgiaITALY
Dr. Leonid DmitrievGeophysicist
Institute of Geochemistry of theAcademy of Sciences of the USSRMoscow, USSR
Dr. David J. J. KinsmanSedimentologist
Princeton UniversityPrinceton, New Jersey
Dr. Peter H. RothPaleontologist
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
Dr. Jorn ThiedeSedimentologist
Aarhus UniversitetUniversitetsparkenDENMARK
Dr. Edith VincentPaleontologist
University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, California
Mr. Lamar P. HayesCruise Operations Manager
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
Mr. Charles A. GreenMeteorologist
NOAA, National Weather ServiceSan Francisco, California
Captain Loyd E. DillCaptain of the Drilling Vessel
Global Marine Inc.Los Angeles, California
Mr. Cotton GuessDrilling Superintendent
Global Marine Inc.Los Angeles, California
Mr. Michael LehmannLaboratory Officer
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
Mr. Dennis K. GrahamChemist
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
Mr. Allen D. PorterElectronics Technician
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
XI
Mr. L. Lawrence LauvePhotographer
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
Miss Betty e M. CumminsYeoman
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
Mr. Victor S. SoteloMarine Technician
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
Mr. Richard C. MyersMarine Technician
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
Mr. Mark SandstromMarine Technician
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
Mr. James S. PineMarine Technician
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
Miss Trudy C. WoodPaleontological Preparation Technician
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California
Senior Project Personnel
Dr. Melvin N. A. PetersonPrincipal Investigator and
Project ManagerMr. Frank C. MacTernanDeputy Project ManagerDr. N. Terence EdgarChief ScientistMr. Valdemar LarsonOperations ManagerMr. Stanley T. SerockiProject Development EngineerDr. Thomas A. DaviesCo-ordinating Staff Geologist
Mr. William R. RiedelCurator
Dr. Peter R. SupkoChief Scientific EditorMr. Oscar WeserSenior Staff Scientist
Mr. Lamar HayesCruise Operations Manager
Mr. Robert W. GilkeyLogistics Officer
Mr. Norman J. SattlerContracts Officer
Mr. William T. SoderstromFinance Administrator
Miss Sue A. StrainPersonnel Officer
xii
Advisory Groups
JOIDES Executive CommitteeDr. William A. Nierenberg
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Arthur E. Maxwell
Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. F. G. Walton Smith
Rosenstiel School of Marine andA tmospheric Science
Dr. Maurice Rattray, Jr.University of Washington
Dr. Manik TalwaniLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
JOIDES Planning CommitteeDr. William W. Hay
Rosenstiel School of Marine andA tmospheric Science
Dr. Joe S. CreagerUniversity of Washington
Mr. William R. RiedelScripps Institution of Oceanography
Mr. John I. EwingLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Dr. James R. HeirtzlerWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Dr. M. N. A. Peterson (Ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Dr. N. Terence Edgar (Ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Atlantic Advisory PanelDr. Maurice Ewing
University of Texas at GalvestonDr. William A. Berggren
Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Anton Hales
University of Texas at DallasDr. Dennis E. Hayes
Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Peter R. Vogt
United States Naval LaboratoryDr. Raymond Siever
Harvard University
Dr. Xavier LePichonCentre Oceanologique de Bretagne
Dr. Kenneth S. DeffeyesPrinceton University
Mr. John I. EwingLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Dr. William W. HayRosenstiel School of Marine andA tmospheric Science
Dr. Charles D. HollisterWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Gulf Advisory PanelDr. Charles E. Helsley
University of Texas at DallasDr. Henry L. Berryhill, Jr.
United States Geological SurveyDr. Arnold H. Bouma
Texas A&M University
Dr. Joe S. CreagerUniversity of Washington
Dr. Joseph R. CurrayScripps Institution of Oceanography
Dr. William W. HayRosenstiel School of Marine andA tmospheric Science
Dr. Elazar UchupiWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Dr. Guillermo P. SalasCiudad Universitaria
Dr. J. Lamar WorzelUniversity of Texas at Galveston
Pacific Advisory PanelDr. E. L. Winterer
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Dr. Robert E. BurnsUniversity of Washington
Dr. Kurt O. BoströmRosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science
Dr. Charles C. WindischLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Dr. G. Ross HeathOregon State University
Dr. Dean A. McManusUniversity of Washington
Dr. David W. SchollUnited States Geological Survey
Dr. Roland von HueneUnited States Geological Survey-
Dr. George SuttonUniversity of Hawaii
Xin
Indian Ocean Advisory PanelDr. Manik Talwani
Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Robert L. Fisher
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. James R. Heirtzler
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Dr. Marcus G. LangsethLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Dr. Roland SchlichObservatoire Geophysique de PareSt-Maur
Ms. Elizabeth T. BunceWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Mediterranean Advisory PanelDr. J. Brackett Hersey
Department of the Navy
Dr. Kenneth J. HsüGeologisches Institut, E. T. H.
Dr. Robert J. HurleyMoss Landing Marine Laboratories
Dr. William B. F. RyanLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Antarctic Advisory PanelDr. Dennis E. Hayes
Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Robert H. Rutford
University of Nebraska
Dr. Campbell CraddockUniversity of Wisconsin
Dr. James P. KennettUniversity of Rhode Island
Dr. James H. ZumbergeUniversity of Nebraska
Dr. Ian W. D. DalzielLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Dr. David W. SchollUnited States Geological Survey
Dr. James R. HeirtzlerWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Advisory Panel on Scientific Objectivesof Deeper Penetration in OceanicCrustal RocksDr. Lynn Sykes
Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. H. W. Menard
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Melvin N. A. Peterson (Ex-officio)
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Dr. J. Freeman GilbertScripps Institution of Oceanography
Dr. M. Nafi ToksozMassachusetts Institute of Technology
Dr. Jason MorganPrinceton University
Dr. David GriggsUniversity of California at Los Angeles
Dr. Akiho MiyashiroState University of New York at Albany
Dr. Ian D. MacGregorUniversity of California at Davis
Dr. Arthur E. MaxwellWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Dr. James GillulyUnited States Geological Survey
Dr. Ronald T. MerrillUniversity of Washington
Dr. C. G. A. HarrisonRosenstiel School of Marine andA tmospheric Science
Dr. Manik TalwaniLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Advisory Panel on Pollution Preventionand SafetyDr. Hollis D. Hedberg
Princeton University
Dr. H. Grant GoodellUniversity of Virginia
Dr. Louis E. GarrisonUnited States Geological Survey
Mr. William F. AllinderTexaco, Incorporated
Dr. Manik Talwani (Ex-officio)Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Dr. Maurice Ewing (Ex-officio)University of Texas at Galveston
Dr. Robert E. Burns (Ex-officio)University of Washington
Dr. William W. Hay (Ex-officio)Rosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science
Mr. Oscar E. Weser (Ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Advisory Panel on Heat FlowDr. Richard P. Von Herzen
Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Art Lachenbruch
United States Geological Survey
xiv
Dr. Marcus G. LangsethLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Dr. Clive R. B. ListerUniversity of Washington
Dr. John G. SclaterMassachusetts Institute of Technology
Advisory Panel on Information HandlingDr. Melvin A. Rosenfeld
Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Daniel W. Appleman
United States Geological SurveyMr. Jack G. Barr
Chevron Research LaboratoryDr. James C. Kelley
University of WashingtonMr. William R. Riedel
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Thomas A. Davies
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Peter R. Supko (Ex-officio)
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Advisory Panel on Organic GeochemistryDr. John M. Hunt
Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Earl W. Baker
Northeast Louisiana UniversityDr. Ellis E. Bray
Mobil Oil Company, IncorporatedDr. J. Gordon Erdman
Phillips Petroleum CompanyDr. Richard D. Mclver
Esso Production Research Laboratory
Advisory Panel on Inorganic Geochemistry
Dr. Robert M. GarrelsUniversity of Hawaii
Dr. Wallace S. BroeckerLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Dr. I. R. KaplanUniversity of California at Los Angeles
Dr. Frank T. ManheimUnited States Geological Survey
Dr. Karl K. TurekianYale University
Advisory Panel on Paleontology andBiostratigraphyDr. William A. Berggren
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Dr. C. W. DroogerUniversity of Utrecht
Dr. William R. EvittStanford University
Dr. William W. HayRosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science
Dr. Erie G. KauffmanSmithsonian Institution
Dr. Helen N. LoeblichUniversity of California at Los Angeles
Dr. Emile A. Pessagno, Jr.University of Texas at Dallas
Mr. William R. RiedelScripps Institution of Oceanography
Dr. Tsunemasa SaitoLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Advisory Panel on Sedimentary Petrologyand Physical PropertiesDr. John T. Whetten
University of WashingtonDr. Eugene A. Rusnak
United States Geological SurveyDr. Edwin L. Hamilton
Naval Undersea Research andDevelopment Center
Dr. Harry E. CookUniversity of California at Riverside
Dr. Tj. H. van AndelOregon State University
Dr. George V. WoodBritish Petroleum Research Center
Mr. Henry L. GillNaval Civil Engineering Laboratory
Dr. Theodore R. WalkerUniversity of Colorado
Dr. George H. KellerNational Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration
Dr. John R. ConollyB. P. Alaska, Inc.
Dr. Adrian F. RichardsLehigh University
Advisory Panel on Well LoggingDr. A. E. Worthington
Chevron Oil Field Research CompanyDr. Richard L. Caldwell
Mobil Oil Corporation
XV
Dr. James E. CarothersPhillips Petroleum Company
Dr. Donald ElrodHumble Oil and Refining Company
Dr. H. B. EvansMarathon Research Center
Dr. Robert D. GerardLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Dr. H. H. JagelerPan American Petroleum Corporation
Dr. George V. KellerColorado School of Mines
Dr. Harry A. ShillibeerGulf Research and Development Company
Advisory Panel on Igneous andMetamorphic Petrography
Dr. Ian D. MacGregorUniversity of California at Davis
Dr. Frederick A. FreyMassachusetts Institute of Technology
Dr. Stanley R. HartCarnegie Institution of Washington
Dr. William G. MelsonSmithsonian Institution
Dr. A. MiyashiroState University of New York at Albany
XVI
Deep Sea Drilling ProjectSAMPLE DISTRIBUTION POLICY
Distribution of Deep Sea Drilling samples will beundertaken in order to (1) provide supplementarydata for inclusion in the appropriate Initial Reportto support Glomar Challenger scientists in achievingthe scientific objectives of their particular cruise, and(2) provide individual investigators with material toconduct detailed studies beyond the scope of theInitial Reports.
The National Science Foundation has established aSample Distribution Panel to advise on distributionof core material. This panel is chosen in accordancewith usual Foundation practices, in a manner thatwill assure advice in the various disciplines leadingto a complete and adequate study of the core andrelated materials. Funding for the proposed researchis handled separately by the investigator, not throughthe Deep Sea Drilling Project.
Distribution of samples for contributions to InitialReports
Any investigator who wishes to contribute a paperto a given volume of the Initial Reports may writeto the Curator, Deep Sea Drilling Project, ScrippsInstitution of Oceanography, University of California,at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, requestingsamples from a forthcoming cruise. The requestshould include the nature of the study, and type, size,number of samples, particular sampling techniquesor equipment that might be required, and an estimateof the time required to complete the study. The re-quests will be reviewed by shipboard scientists, and,if they are deemed suitable and pertinent to the objec-tives of the leg, and shipboard workload permits, therequested samples will be taken during the cruise(provided, of course, material suitable to the investi-gation is obtained during the drilling). In case ofmultiple requests to perform the same investigation,selection of investigator will be made by the ship-board scientific party. Proposals should be of a scopeappropriate to complete the sampling and study intime for publication in the Initial Reports. Studiesdeemed acceptable will be referred to the Curatorwho will, with the consent of the NSF Sample Dis-tribution Panel, authorize distribution of the samples.The Sample Distribution Panel and the Deep SeaDrilling Project will strive to ensure that there is areasonable degree of continuity in the investigationsamong the various cruises, that the studies are per-tinent to goals of the cruise, and that they areconsistent with the publication policy for the InitialReports. Subject to these same provisions, the ship-
board scientific party may elect to have special studiesof selected core samples of its recently completedcruise made by other investigators.
Investigations not completed in time for inclusion inthe Initial Report may not be published in otherjournals until publication of the Initial Report forwhich it was intended, though it is expected that theywill normally be published as an appendix in a laterInitial Report volume.
Distribution of Samples for publication other thanin Initial Reports
1. Researchers intending to request samples forstudies beyond the scope of the Initial Reportsshould first obtain a sample request form from theCurator, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Scripps In-stitution of Oceanography, University of Cali-fornia at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037.Requests should specify the quantities and inter-vals of the core required, a statement of the pro-posed research, the possibility of returning residueto the Curator, the estimated time required tocomplete and publish the results, and the avail-ability or need of funding and availability ofequipment and space foreseen for the research.
In order to ensure that requests for highly desir-able but limited samples can all be considered,approval of requests and distribution of sampleswill not be made prior to 12 months after dateof completion of the cruise that collected thecores. Prior to the publication of an Initial Re-port, requests for samples from a cruise can bebased on the preliminary shipboard core logs.Copies of these logs will be kept on open file atScripps Institution of Oceanography and otherdesignated institutions. The only exceptions tothis policy will be for specific instances involvingephemeral properties.
Requests for samples from researchers in indus-trial laboratories will be handled in the samemanner as those from academic organizations,and there will be the same obligation to publishresults promptly. Requests from foreign scientistsor organizations will also be considered.
2. The Deep Sea Drilling Projects Curator has theresponsibility for distributing samples, controllingquality of samples, and preserving core material.He also has the responsibility for maintaining arecord of requests for samples that have been
*RevisedJune 1972.
xvii
processed and filled indicating the investigatorand subjects to be studied. This record will beavailable to investigators.
The distribution of samples will be made directlyfrom the two repositories at Lamont-Doherty Ge-ological Observatory and Scripps Institution ofOceanography by the Curator or his designatedrepresentative.
3. (a) Samples up to 10 cc/meter of core lengthcan be automatically distributed by the Curator,Deep Sea Drilling Project, or his authorized rep-resentative to any qualified investigator who re-quests them. The Curator will refrain frommaking automatic distribution of any parts of thecores which appear to be in particularly high de-mand, and any requests for these parts of thecores will be referred to the Sample DistributionPanel for review. Requests for samples from thinlayers or important stratigraphic boundaries willgenerally require Panel review.
(b) All requests for samples in excess of 3 (a)above will be referred to the Sample DistributionPanel.
(c) If, in the opinion of scientific investigators,certain properties they wish to study may de-teriorate prior to the normal availability of thesamples, such investigators may request that thenormal waiting period not apply. All such re-quests must be approved by the Sample Distribu-tion Panel.
4. Samples will not be provided prior to assurancethat funding for sample studies either exists oris not needed. However, neither formal approvalof sample requests nor distribution of sampleswill be made until the appropriate time (Item 1).If a sample request is dependent, either whollyor in part, on proposed funding, the Curator willprovide to the organization to whom the fundingproposal has been submitted any information onthe availability (or potential availability) of sam-ples that it may request.
5. Investigators receiving samples are responsiblefor:
i) promptly publishing significant results;
ii) acknowledging, in publications, that sampleswere supplied through the assistance of theNational Science Foundation;
iii) submitting four (4) copies of all reprints ofpublished results to the Curator, Deep SeaDrilling Project, Scripps Institution of Ocean-ography, University of California at SanDiego, La Jolla, California 92037;
iv) notifying the Curator of any work done onthe samples that is additional to that statedin the original request for samples;
v) returning, in good condition, the remaindersof samples after termination of research, ifrequested by the Curator.
6. Cores will be made available at repositories forinvestigators to examine and specify exact sam-ples in such instances as this may be necessaryfor the scientific purposes of the sampling, subjectto the limitations of 3 (a), (b), (c), and 5,above, and with the specific permission of theCurator or his delegate.
7. Cores of igneous and metamorphic rocks willalso remain at the repositories where they willbe available for observation and description andwhere selected samples may be taken for thin-section preparation and other work.
8. The Deep Sea Drilling Project routinely processesby computer most of the quantitative data pres-ented in the Initial Reports. Space limitations inthe Initial Reports preclude the detailed presen-tation of all such data. However, copies of thecomputer readout are available for those whowish the data for further analysis or as an aidin selecting samples.
Magnetics, seismic reflection and bathymetric datacollected underway by the Glomar Challengerwill also be available for distribution twelvemonths after completion of the cruise.
Requests for these data may be made to:
Coordinating Staff ScientistDeep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa Jolla, California 92037
A charge may be made to recover the expensesof responding to individual requests. Estimatedcharges can be furnished before the request isprocessed, if required.
9. This policy has the approval of the National Sci-ence Foundation and is designed to help ensurethat the greatest possible scientific benefit isgained from the materials obtained, and thatsamples will be made widely available to inter-ested geologists.
xviu
CONTENTS
Because of space limitations, the following chapters written for Volume 23 andintended for inclusions in this Volume will now appear in Volume 26 of the InitialReports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project.
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON LATE NEOGENE RED SEAFORAMINIFERA, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 23BRobert L. Fleisher
FORAMINIFERAL RANGE CHARTS FOR ARABIAN SEA AND REDSEA SITES, LEG 23W. H. Akers
CENOZOIC RADIOLARIA FROM THE ARABIAN SEA, DSDP LEG 23Catherine Nigrini
Chapter
PART I: SITE REPORTS
1. INTRODUCTIONElizabeth T. Bunce, Robert L. Fisher
2. SITE 231Robert L. Fisher, Elizabeth T. Bunce, Paul J.Cernock, David C. Clegg, David S. Cronan,Vincenzo V. Damiani, Leonid Dmitriev, DavidJ. J. Kinsman, Peter H. Roth, Jorn Thiede,Edith Vincent
3. SITE 232The Shipboard Scientific Party
4. SITE 233The Shipboard Scientific Party
5. SITE 234The Shipboard Scientific Party
6. SITE 235The Shipboard Scientific Party
7. SITE 236The Shipboard Scientific Party
Page
1
17
Chapter
8. SITE 237The Shipboard Scientific Party
9. SITE 238The Shipboard Scientific Party
PART II: SPECIAL STUDIES
127
197
249
283
327
391
469
589
10. UNDERWAY OBSERVATIONS LEG 24,GLOMAR CHALLENGER
Part I: DJIBOUTI TO SEYCHELLESISLANDSE. T. Bunce
591
Part II: SEYCHELLES BANK TO PORTLOUIS, MAURITIUS, 5-26 June1972Robert L. Fisher
11.
Page
606
SURVEYS OF FOUR SITES IN THETROPICAL WESTERN INDIAN OCEANAS PREPARATION FOR DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT, LEG 24 637Phyllis B. Helms, Robert L. Fisher, Warren L.Smith, Marie Z. Jantsch
12. SEDIMENT COARSE FRACTIONS FROMTHE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN ANDTHE GULF OF ADEN (DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT, LEG 24) 651Jorn Thiede
13. PETROCHEMICAL STUDY OF THEBASALTIC BASEMENT OF THE MID-INDIAN RIDGE: LEG 24, DJIBOUTI TOMAURITIUS 767Leonid V. Dmitriev
14. TRACE ELEMENT COMPOSITIONS OFLEG 24 BASALTS AND ONE DIABASE . .Celeste G. Engel, Elisabeth Bingham, RobertL. Fisher
781
15. COMPRESSIONAL WAVE VELOCITIESIN SAMPLES OF BASALT RECOVEREDBY DSDP, LEG 24 787Edward Schreiber, Michael R. Perfit, Paul J.Cernock
16. GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OFPOTENTIAL PETROLEUM SOURCEBEDSPaul J. Cernock
791
17. INTERSTITIAL WATER STUDIES,LEG 24 799Mark Sandstrom, Joris Gieskes
xix
Chapter Page
18. X-RAY MINERALOGY DATA, WESTERNINDIAN OCEAN-LEG 24 DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT 811J. C. Matti, I. Zemmels, H. E. Cook
19. NEOGENE PLANKTONIC FORAMINI-FERA FROM THE GULF OF ADEN ANDTHE WESTERN TROPICAL INDIANOCEAN, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT,LEG 24 827Edith Vincent, William E. Frerichs, Mary E.Heiman
20. PALEOGENE PLANKTONIC FORAMINI-FERA FROM THE WESTERN TROPICALINDIAN OCEAN, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT, LEG 24 851Mary E. Heiman, William E. Frerichs, EdithVincent
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
PALEOCENE AND EARLY EOCENEMICROFACIES, BENTHONICFORAMINI-FERA, AND PALEOBATHYMETRY OFDEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT, SITES236 AND 237, WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN 859Edith Vincent, James M. Gibson, Lelio Brun
CENOZOIC MARINE PLANKTONICDIATOM STRATIGRAPHY OF THETROPICAL INDIAN OCEANHans-Joachim Schrader
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS FROMTHE NORTHWESTERN INDIAN OCEAN,LEG 24, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECTPeter H. Roth
COCCOLITH ZONATION OF CORESFROM THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEANAND THE GULF OF ADEN, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT, LEG 24David Bukry
RADIOLARIA FROM THE WEST-CENTRAL INDIAN OCEAN ANDARABIAN SEA, DSDP LEG 24Annika Sanfilippo, W. R. Riedel
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THEOSTRACODES OF LEG 24Richard H. Benson
887
969
Chapter Page
PART III: CRUISE SYNTHESIS 1045
27. SEDIMENTS FROM THE GULF OF ADENAND WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN 1047D. S. Cronan, V. V. Damiani, D. J. J. Kins-man, J. Thiede
28. CENOZOIC PLANKTONIC BIOSTRATIG-RAPHY AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OFTHE TROPICAL WESTERN INDIANOCEAN 1111Edith Vincent
PART IV: APPENDICES 1151
APPENDIX I. GRAIN SIZE ANALYSES . . . 1153Gerald N. Bode
APPENDIX II CARBON-CARBONATEANALYSES 1155Gerald N. Bode
APPENDIX III. GASEOUS AND HEAVYHYDROCARBONS INCANNED CORE SAMPLESFROM LEG 24, DSDP 1157Richard D. McIver
APPENDIX IV. COMPLEX TRITERPANOI-DAL ACIDS AND HYDRO-CARBONS IN DSDP CORESAMPLES AND THEIRGEOCHEMICALSIGNIFICANCE 1159Bernd R. Simoneit
APPENDIX V.
995
997
1037
HYDROCARBON ANDKEROGEN STUDIES ONRED SEA AND GULF OFADEN CORESJohn M. Hunt
1165
APPENDIX VI. GEOCHEMISTRY OFCARBON: DSDP LEGS 22, 24,26, 27, AND 28 1169J. G. Erdman, K. S. Schorno,R. S. Scalan
INDEX 1177
xx
Recommended