Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 24 · 2007-06-05 · tionized man's understanding of the physical processes occurring in the earth's crust. Moreover, industry should

The photomicrographs on the opposing page represent the range of igneous rocks and intimately associated sedimentsrecovered from four of the six holes reaching 'basement' or 'acoustic basement' (in the case of one sill) on Leg 24. Their arrange-ment is not rigorous top to bottom either on this page or in a section, but only indicative. However, such a composite assem-blage does demonstrate the freshness of volcanic glass and the frequent presence of only slightly metamorphosed and some-times datable sediments at considerable depth in 'basement'. Most included sediments here are taken to be crack or cavityfillings, trickling into fractures prior to extrusion of very thin, fluid surficial glasses and glassy breccias.

1. 24-238-57-3-6Slightly metamorphosed fossiliferous carbonate sediment preserved in a crack nearly 20 m below the top of

'basement' flows.Magnification: 10 X. Crossed nicols.

2. 24-232A-17-CC

Continent-derived sandstone, from a block that was faulted or slumped from near southern Arabia. Angular torounded quartz (to 90%), Plagioclase (microcline?), biotite, amphibole, minor sphene, monazite, magnetite, andzircon; calcite cement. Rotate field 90° clockwise for proper orientation.

Magnification: 40 X. Crossed nicols.3. 24-238-56-2-4

Fresh to devitrifying basaltic glass; palagonite lining cavities. Fresh Plagioclase and augite phenocrysts. Roundvesicles and irregular cavities filled with spar. Flow 12 m below top of igneous section.

Magnification: 10 X. Crossed nicols.

4. 24-235-18-CC-4Carbonatized clay overlying fractured, fibrous, variolitic vesicular basalt. Filled vesicles, and veinlets of calcite-

chlorite-zeolites, with Plagioclase corroded and being replaced by chlorite.


Altered variolitic basalt, with Plagioclase phenocrysts being replaced by chlorite and olivine by serpentine.Filled vesicles. Horizon lies about 23 m below top of igneous section.

Magnification: 10 X. Crossed nicols.6. 24-233 A-13-CC-3

Veined, fairly fresh augite diabase from a sill 8+ m thick within the sedimentary section. Fresh euhedral tosubhedral Plagioclase, subhedral clinopyroxene, opaques 2-3%. Vein of calcite-chlorite which also fills cavities;fibrous chlorite, and isolated serpentine after olivine (?).


Selvage of brecciated, palagonitized glass with vug or cavity geopetally filled with carbonate becoming neomor-phic spar. Rotate field 90° counterclockwise for proper orientation. Commonly associated with porphyritic de-vitrifying glass, as 3.


Extremely vesicular microdiabase from the interior of a pillow about 4 m below the top of the igneous section.Abundant rather fresh augite. The microdiabasic texture, abundance of large round vesicles and their partial fillingby calcite-zeolites suggests saturation by volatiles.

Magnification: 40 X. Crossed nicols.9. 24-233 A l 3-CC-3 (same slide as 6, above)

Fresh equigranular augite diabase from a massive gray 8 m sill within the sediment section. Subhedral labra-dorite, very minor orthopyroxene, and 2-3% opaques.


10. 24-238-64-2-12

Brecciated basaltic glass, palagonite, and carbonate sediment metamorphosed to spar in cavities, from the lowesthard-rock horizon reached on Leg 24, 75-80 m below the top of the 'basement'.


(Thin sections, Leonid Dmitriev; photography, Robert M. Beer)

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Initial Reportsof the

Deep Sea Drilling Project

A Project Planned by and Carried Out With the Advice of theJOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES)

Volume XXIVcovering Leg 24 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger

Djibouti, F. T. A. I. to Port Louis, MauritiusMay-June 1972

PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS

Robert L. Fisher, Elizabeth T. Bunce, Paul J. Cernock, David C. Clegg,David S. Cronan, Vincenzo V. Damiani, Leonid V.Dmitriev,

David J. J. Kinsman, Peter H. Roth, Jorn Thiede, Edith Vincent

SCIENCE EDITOR

Lillian Musich

Prepared for theNATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONNational Ocean Sediment Coring Program

Under Contract C-482By the

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIAScripps Institution of Oceanography

Prime Contractor for the Project

References to this Volume

It is recommended that reference to whole or part of this volumebe made in one of the following forms, as appropriate:

Fisher, R. L., Bunce, E. T., et al., 1974. Initial Reports of theDeep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 24, Washington (U.S. Gov-ernment Printing Office) .... + .... pp.

Thiede, Jorn, 1974, Sediment Coarse Fractions From the WesternIndian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden, Deep Sea Drilling Project,Leg 24; In Fisher, R. L., Bunce, E. T., et al., Initial Reportsof the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 24, Washington (U.S.Government Printing Office) p. 651-766.

Printed: October 1974

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74-603338

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, D.C. 20402 - Price $19.20

ForewordThe year 1972 marks the 100th anni-

versary of H.M.S. CHALLENGER—afterwhich D/V GLOMAR CHALLENGER isnamed. It is fitting that our century shouldhave its counterpart to the famous ship of the19th century, which helped establish ocean-ography as a science through her voyages. It isequally fitting that GLOMAR CHALLENGERshould be plying the same waters one centurylater seeking answers to new problems concern-ing the history of our planet and of life on it.The fundamental advancement of our knowl-edge of the earth will lead to enhanced capabili-ties to understand its processes and to exploitits natural resources intelligently.

The Deep Sea Drilling Project is beingundertaken within the context of the NationalScience Foundation^ Ocean Sediment CoringProgram. The Foundation is funding the projectby means of a contract with the University ofCalifornia, and the Scripps Institution of Ocean-ography is responsible for its management. TheUniversity has, in turn, subcontracted withGlobal Marine Incorporated for the services ofthe drilling ship, GLOMAR CHALLENGER.Scientific planning, both of the detailed itineraryand of the preliminary analyses leading to theseInitial Reports, has been conducted under theauspices of the Joint Oceanographic Institutionsfor Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES). TheJOIDES consortium has convened severalpanels for that purpose, consisting of a largenumber of distinguished scientists from aca-demic institutions, government agencies, andprivate industry. Altogether, the project hasinvolved the active interest and participationof many of the Nation's best scientists and tech-nologists. Leading scientists from abroad haveparticipated and their countries have madecontributions to the project.

The first ocean coring operations for theDeep Sea Drilling Project began on August 11,1968. During the ensuing 18 months of drillingoperations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans,the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea,the scientific objectives that had been set forthwere successfully accomplished. Primarily, theage of the ocean basins and their processes of

development were determined. Emphasis wasplaced on broad reconnaissance and on testingthe involvement of the mid-oceanic rise systemsin the development of the ocean basins.

As a result of the success of the Deep SeaDrilling Project, the National Science Founda-tion extended its contract with the Universityof California to encompass an additional 30months of drilling, allowing GLOMAR CHAL-LENGER to continue operations throughoutthe oceans of the world in exploring the deepocean floors. This extension includes a broadgeographic range of operations in the Atlantic,Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and the Mediter-ranean, Caribbean, Bering, and Red Seas. Theultimate goal is a fundamental advancement ofour knowledge of the earth.

These reports contain the results of initialstudies of the recovered core material and theassociated geophysical information. The con-tribution to knowledge has been exceedinglylarge and future studies of the core materialover many years will contribute much more.The National Science Board in its 1971 report,"Environmental Science—Challenge for theSeventies," stressed the importance of the workof the GLOMAR CHALLENGER:

Special mention should be made of the de-velopment of new types of deep sea drillingtechniques and their use on the unique, proto-type vessel, GLOMAR CHALLENGER. Thisfacility has brought to light in only a fewyears information that has literally revolu-tionized man's understanding of the physicalprocesses occurring in the earth's crust.

Moreover, industry should benefit greatlyfrom the project—from the technological ad-vances that are being made and through the in-formation being obtained on natural resources.

H./Güyford Stever

Washington, D. C.June 1972

Recognizing the need in the Oceanographiccommunity for scientific planning of a programto obtain deep sedimentary cores from theocean bottoms, four of the major Oceano-graphic institutions that had strong interests andprograms in the fields of marine geology andgeophysics, formed in May 1964, the JointOceanographic Institutions for Deep EarthSampling (JOIDES). This group, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory; RosenstielSchool of Marine and Atmospheric Science,University of Miami; the Scripps Institution ofOceanography, University of California at SanDiego; and the Woods Hole OceanographicInstitution, expressed an interest in undertakingscientific planning and guidance of the sedi-mentary drilling program. It was the purposeof this group to foster programs to investigatethe sediments and rocks beneath the deepoceans by drilling and coring. The membershipof this original group was later enlarged in1968 when the University of Washington be-came a member.

Through discussions sponsored by theJOIDES organization, with support from theNational Science Foundation the Lamont-Doh-erty Geological Observatory operated a drillingprogram with Dr. J. Lamar Worzel as PrincipalInvestigator. This successful drilling effort earlyin the summer of 1965, on the Blake Plateauregion off Jacksonville, Florida, used the drillingvessel, Caldrill I.

With this success in hand, planning beganfor a more extensive deep sea effort. This re-sulted in the award of a contract by the NationalScience Foundation to the University of Cali-fornia for an eighteen-month drilling programin the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, termed theDeep Sea Drilling Project. Operations at seabegan in August 1968.

vπ

The goal of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectis to gather scientific information that will helpdetermine the age and processes of develop-ment of the ocean basins. The primary strategyis to drill deep holes into the ocean floor, relyinglargely on technology developed by the petro-leum industry.

Through the efforts of these five principalorganizations and of the panel members whichwere drawn from a large cross section of lead-ing earth scientists and associates, a scientificprogram was developed.

Cores recovered from deep beneath theocean floor will provide reference material fora multitude of future studies in fields such asbiostratigraphy, physical stratigraphy, and pa-leomagnetism, that will afford a new scope forstudies of the physical and chemical aspects ofsediment provenance, transportation, deposi-tion, and diagensis. In-hole measurements, asfeasible, should provide petrophysical data topermit inference of lithology of intervals fromwhich no cores were recovered.

A report, describing the core materials andinformation obtained both at sea and in labora-tories on shore, is published as soon as possibleafter the completion of each cruise. These re-ports are a cooperative effort of the scientistsparticipating in the cruise and are intended pri-marily to be a compilation of results which, itis hoped, will be the starting point for manyfuture new and exciting research programs.Preliminary interpretations of the data and ob-servations taken at sea, are also included.

Core materials and data collected on thecruise will be made available to qualified scien-tists through the Curator of the Deep SeaDrilling Project, following a Sample Distribution

Policy (p. xvii) approved by the National Sci-ence Foundation.

The advent of Glomar Challenger, with itsdeep-water drilling ability, is exceedingly time-ly. It has come when geophysical investigationof the oceans has matured through 20 to 30years of vigorous growth to the point wherewe have some knowledge about much of theformerly unknown oceanic areas of our planet.About one million miles of traverses had beenmade which tell us much about the global pat-tern of gravity, magnetic and thermal anomalies,and about the composition, thickness and strati-fication of the sedimentary cover of the deep-sea and continental margin. The coverage withsuch data has enabled the site selection panelsto pick choice locations for drilling. The knowl-edge gained from each hole can be extendedinto the surrounding area. Detailed geophysicalsurveys were made for most of the selected lo-cations prior to drilling.

The earth sciences have recently maturedfrom an empirical status to one in which sub-stantial theories and hypotheses about majortectonic processes are flourishing. Theoriesabout the origin of magnetic fields and magneticreversals, about ocean floor spreading and con-tinental drift, and about the thermal history ofour planet, have led to specific predictions thatcould be tested best by an enlightened programof sampling of deep-sea and continental marginsediments and underlying rocks.

The members of JOIDES and the scien-tists from all interested organizations who haveserved on the various advisory panels are proudto have been of service to the Nation and be-lieve that the information and core materialsthat have been obtained will be of value to stu-dents of earth sciences and all humanity formany years to come.

vui

Deep SeaDrilling Project

MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINTOCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FORDEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES):

Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, ColumbiaUniversity

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sci-ence, University of Miami.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University ofCalifornia

University of Washington

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

OPERATING INSTITUTION:

Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa Jolla, CaliforniaW. A. Nierenberg, Director

DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT

Principal Investigator andProject Manager

M. N. A. Peterson

Project Chief ScientistN. T. Edgar

IX

Participants AboardGLOMAR CHALLENGER for Leg Twenty Four:

Dr. Robert L. FisherCo-Chief Scientist

Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California

Miss Elizabeth T. BunceCo-Chief Scientist

Woods Hole OceanographicInstitution

Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Dr. Paul J. CernockSedimentologist Physical Properties

TEXACO, Inc.New Orleans, Louisiana

Mr. David C. CleggPaleontologist


Dr. David S. CronanSedimentologist

University of OttawaOttawa, OntarioCANADA

Dr. Vincenzo V. DamianiSedimentologist

Instituto Italiano di IdrobiolgiaITALY

Dr. Leonid DmitrievGeophysicist

Institute of Geochemistry of theAcademy of Sciences of the USSRMoscow, USSR

Dr. David J. J. KinsmanSedimentologist

Princeton UniversityPrinceton, New Jersey

Dr. Peter H. RothPaleontologist


Dr. Jorn ThiedeSedimentologist

Aarhus UniversitetUniversitetsparkenDENMARK

Dr. Edith VincentPaleontologist

University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, California

Mr. Lamar P. HayesCruise Operations Manager


Mr. Charles A. GreenMeteorologist

NOAA, National Weather ServiceSan Francisco, California

Captain Loyd E. DillCaptain of the Drilling Vessel

Global Marine Inc.Los Angeles, California

Mr. Cotton GuessDrilling Superintendent

Global Marine Inc.Los Angeles, California

Mr. Michael LehmannLaboratory Officer


Mr. Dennis K. GrahamChemist


Mr. Allen D. PorterElectronics Technician


XI

Mr. L. Lawrence LauvePhotographer


Miss Betty e M. CumminsYeoman


Mr. Victor S. SoteloMarine Technician


Mr. Richard C. MyersMarine Technician


Mr. Mark SandstromMarine Technician


Mr. James S. PineMarine Technician


Miss Trudy C. WoodPaleontological Preparation Technician


Senior Project Personnel

Dr. Melvin N. A. PetersonPrincipal Investigator and

Project ManagerMr. Frank C. MacTernanDeputy Project ManagerDr. N. Terence EdgarChief ScientistMr. Valdemar LarsonOperations ManagerMr. Stanley T. SerockiProject Development EngineerDr. Thomas A. DaviesCo-ordinating Staff Geologist

Mr. William R. RiedelCurator

Dr. Peter R. SupkoChief Scientific EditorMr. Oscar WeserSenior Staff Scientist

Mr. Lamar HayesCruise Operations Manager

Mr. Robert W. GilkeyLogistics Officer

Mr. Norman J. SattlerContracts Officer

Mr. William T. SoderstromFinance Administrator

Miss Sue A. StrainPersonnel Officer

xii

Advisory Groups

JOIDES Executive CommitteeDr. William A. Nierenberg

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Arthur E. Maxwell

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. F. G. Walton Smith

Rosenstiel School of Marine andA tmospheric Science

Dr. Maurice Rattray, Jr.University of Washington

Dr. Manik TalwaniLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

JOIDES Planning CommitteeDr. William W. Hay

Rosenstiel School of Marine andA tmospheric Science

Dr. Joe S. CreagerUniversity of Washington

Mr. William R. RiedelScripps Institution of Oceanography

Mr. John I. EwingLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. James R. HeirtzlerWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Dr. M. N. A. Peterson (Ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. N. Terence Edgar (Ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Atlantic Advisory PanelDr. Maurice Ewing

University of Texas at GalvestonDr. William A. Berggren

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Anton Hales

University of Texas at DallasDr. Dennis E. Hayes

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Peter R. Vogt

United States Naval LaboratoryDr. Raymond Siever

Harvard University

Dr. Xavier LePichonCentre Oceanologique de Bretagne

Dr. Kenneth S. DeffeyesPrinceton University

Mr. John I. EwingLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. William W. HayRosenstiel School of Marine andA tmospheric Science

Dr. Charles D. HollisterWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Gulf Advisory PanelDr. Charles E. Helsley

University of Texas at DallasDr. Henry L. Berryhill, Jr.

United States Geological SurveyDr. Arnold H. Bouma

Texas A&M University

Dr. Joe S. CreagerUniversity of Washington

Dr. Joseph R. CurrayScripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. William W. HayRosenstiel School of Marine andA tmospheric Science

Dr. Elazar UchupiWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Dr. Guillermo P. SalasCiudad Universitaria

Dr. J. Lamar WorzelUniversity of Texas at Galveston

Pacific Advisory PanelDr. E. L. Winterer

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Robert E. BurnsUniversity of Washington

Dr. Kurt O. BoströmRosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science

Dr. Charles C. WindischLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. G. Ross HeathOregon State University

Dr. Dean A. McManusUniversity of Washington

Dr. David W. SchollUnited States Geological Survey

Dr. Roland von HueneUnited States Geological Survey-

Dr. George SuttonUniversity of Hawaii

Xin

Indian Ocean Advisory PanelDr. Manik Talwani

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Robert L. Fisher

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. James R. Heirtzler


Dr. Marcus G. LangsethLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Roland SchlichObservatoire Geophysique de PareSt-Maur

Ms. Elizabeth T. BunceWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Mediterranean Advisory PanelDr. J. Brackett Hersey

Department of the Navy

Dr. Kenneth J. HsüGeologisches Institut, E. T. H.

Dr. Robert J. HurleyMoss Landing Marine Laboratories

Dr. William B. F. RyanLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Antarctic Advisory PanelDr. Dennis E. Hayes

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Robert H. Rutford

University of Nebraska

Dr. Campbell CraddockUniversity of Wisconsin

Dr. James P. KennettUniversity of Rhode Island

Dr. James H. ZumbergeUniversity of Nebraska

Dr. Ian W. D. DalzielLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. David W. SchollUnited States Geological Survey

Dr. James R. HeirtzlerWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Advisory Panel on Scientific Objectivesof Deeper Penetration in OceanicCrustal RocksDr. Lynn Sykes

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. H. W. Menard

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Melvin N. A. Peterson (Ex-officio)


Dr. J. Freeman GilbertScripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. M. Nafi ToksozMassachusetts Institute of Technology

Dr. Jason MorganPrinceton University

Dr. David GriggsUniversity of California at Los Angeles

Dr. Akiho MiyashiroState University of New York at Albany

Dr. Ian D. MacGregorUniversity of California at Davis

Dr. Arthur E. MaxwellWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Dr. James GillulyUnited States Geological Survey

Dr. Ronald T. MerrillUniversity of Washington

Dr. C. G. A. HarrisonRosenstiel School of Marine andA tmospheric Science

Dr. Manik TalwaniLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Advisory Panel on Pollution Preventionand SafetyDr. Hollis D. Hedberg

Princeton University

Dr. H. Grant GoodellUniversity of Virginia

Dr. Louis E. GarrisonUnited States Geological Survey

Mr. William F. AllinderTexaco, Incorporated

Dr. Manik Talwani (Ex-officio)Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Maurice Ewing (Ex-officio)University of Texas at Galveston

Dr. Robert E. Burns (Ex-officio)University of Washington

Dr. William W. Hay (Ex-officio)Rosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science

Mr. Oscar E. Weser (Ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Advisory Panel on Heat FlowDr. Richard P. Von Herzen

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Art Lachenbruch

United States Geological Survey

xiv

Dr. Marcus G. LangsethLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Clive R. B. ListerUniversity of Washington

Dr. John G. SclaterMassachusetts Institute of Technology

Advisory Panel on Information HandlingDr. Melvin A. Rosenfeld

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Daniel W. Appleman

United States Geological SurveyMr. Jack G. Barr

Chevron Research LaboratoryDr. James C. Kelley

University of WashingtonMr. William R. Riedel

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Thomas A. Davies

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Peter R. Supko (Ex-officio)


Advisory Panel on Organic GeochemistryDr. John M. Hunt

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Earl W. Baker

Northeast Louisiana UniversityDr. Ellis E. Bray

Mobil Oil Company, IncorporatedDr. J. Gordon Erdman

Phillips Petroleum CompanyDr. Richard D. Mclver

Esso Production Research Laboratory

Advisory Panel on Inorganic Geochemistry

Dr. Robert M. GarrelsUniversity of Hawaii

Dr. Wallace S. BroeckerLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. I. R. KaplanUniversity of California at Los Angeles

Dr. Frank T. ManheimUnited States Geological Survey

Dr. Karl K. TurekianYale University

Advisory Panel on Paleontology andBiostratigraphyDr. William A. Berggren


Dr. C. W. DroogerUniversity of Utrecht

Dr. William R. EvittStanford University

Dr. William W. HayRosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science

Dr. Erie G. KauffmanSmithsonian Institution

Dr. Helen N. LoeblichUniversity of California at Los Angeles

Dr. Emile A. Pessagno, Jr.University of Texas at Dallas

Mr. William R. RiedelScripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Tsunemasa SaitoLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Advisory Panel on Sedimentary Petrologyand Physical PropertiesDr. John T. Whetten

University of WashingtonDr. Eugene A. Rusnak

United States Geological SurveyDr. Edwin L. Hamilton

Naval Undersea Research andDevelopment Center

Dr. Harry E. CookUniversity of California at Riverside

Dr. Tj. H. van AndelOregon State University

Dr. George V. WoodBritish Petroleum Research Center

Mr. Henry L. GillNaval Civil Engineering Laboratory

Dr. Theodore R. WalkerUniversity of Colorado

Dr. George H. KellerNational Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration

Dr. John R. ConollyB. P. Alaska, Inc.

Dr. Adrian F. RichardsLehigh University

Advisory Panel on Well LoggingDr. A. E. Worthington

Chevron Oil Field Research CompanyDr. Richard L. Caldwell

Mobil Oil Corporation

XV

Dr. James E. CarothersPhillips Petroleum Company

Dr. Donald ElrodHumble Oil and Refining Company

Dr. H. B. EvansMarathon Research Center

Dr. Robert D. GerardLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. H. H. JagelerPan American Petroleum Corporation

Dr. George V. KellerColorado School of Mines

Dr. Harry A. ShillibeerGulf Research and Development Company

Advisory Panel on Igneous andMetamorphic Petrography

Dr. Ian D. MacGregorUniversity of California at Davis

Dr. Frederick A. FreyMassachusetts Institute of Technology

Dr. Stanley R. HartCarnegie Institution of Washington

Dr. William G. MelsonSmithsonian Institution

Dr. A. MiyashiroState University of New York at Albany

XVI

Deep Sea Drilling ProjectSAMPLE DISTRIBUTION POLICY

Distribution of Deep Sea Drilling samples will beundertaken in order to (1) provide supplementarydata for inclusion in the appropriate Initial Reportto support Glomar Challenger scientists in achievingthe scientific objectives of their particular cruise, and(2) provide individual investigators with material toconduct detailed studies beyond the scope of theInitial Reports.

The National Science Foundation has established aSample Distribution Panel to advise on distributionof core material. This panel is chosen in accordancewith usual Foundation practices, in a manner thatwill assure advice in the various disciplines leadingto a complete and adequate study of the core andrelated materials. Funding for the proposed researchis handled separately by the investigator, not throughthe Deep Sea Drilling Project.

Distribution of samples for contributions to InitialReports

Any investigator who wishes to contribute a paperto a given volume of the Initial Reports may writeto the Curator, Deep Sea Drilling Project, ScrippsInstitution of Oceanography, University of California,at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, requestingsamples from a forthcoming cruise. The requestshould include the nature of the study, and type, size,number of samples, particular sampling techniquesor equipment that might be required, and an estimateof the time required to complete the study. The re-quests will be reviewed by shipboard scientists, and,if they are deemed suitable and pertinent to the objec-tives of the leg, and shipboard workload permits, therequested samples will be taken during the cruise(provided, of course, material suitable to the investi-gation is obtained during the drilling). In case ofmultiple requests to perform the same investigation,selection of investigator will be made by the ship-board scientific party. Proposals should be of a scopeappropriate to complete the sampling and study intime for publication in the Initial Reports. Studiesdeemed acceptable will be referred to the Curatorwho will, with the consent of the NSF Sample Dis-tribution Panel, authorize distribution of the samples.The Sample Distribution Panel and the Deep SeaDrilling Project will strive to ensure that there is areasonable degree of continuity in the investigationsamong the various cruises, that the studies are per-tinent to goals of the cruise, and that they areconsistent with the publication policy for the InitialReports. Subject to these same provisions, the ship-

board scientific party may elect to have special studiesof selected core samples of its recently completedcruise made by other investigators.

Investigations not completed in time for inclusion inthe Initial Report may not be published in otherjournals until publication of the Initial Report forwhich it was intended, though it is expected that theywill normally be published as an appendix in a laterInitial Report volume.

Distribution of Samples for publication other thanin Initial Reports

1. Researchers intending to request samples forstudies beyond the scope of the Initial Reportsshould first obtain a sample request form from theCurator, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Scripps In-stitution of Oceanography, University of Cali-fornia at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037.Requests should specify the quantities and inter-vals of the core required, a statement of the pro-posed research, the possibility of returning residueto the Curator, the estimated time required tocomplete and publish the results, and the avail-ability or need of funding and availability ofequipment and space foreseen for the research.

In order to ensure that requests for highly desir-able but limited samples can all be considered,approval of requests and distribution of sampleswill not be made prior to 12 months after dateof completion of the cruise that collected thecores. Prior to the publication of an Initial Re-port, requests for samples from a cruise can bebased on the preliminary shipboard core logs.Copies of these logs will be kept on open file atScripps Institution of Oceanography and otherdesignated institutions. The only exceptions tothis policy will be for specific instances involvingephemeral properties.

Requests for samples from researchers in indus-trial laboratories will be handled in the samemanner as those from academic organizations,and there will be the same obligation to publishresults promptly. Requests from foreign scientistsor organizations will also be considered.

2. The Deep Sea Drilling Projects Curator has theresponsibility for distributing samples, controllingquality of samples, and preserving core material.He also has the responsibility for maintaining arecord of requests for samples that have been

*RevisedJune 1972.

xvii

processed and filled indicating the investigatorand subjects to be studied. This record will beavailable to investigators.

The distribution of samples will be made directlyfrom the two repositories at Lamont-Doherty Ge-ological Observatory and Scripps Institution ofOceanography by the Curator or his designatedrepresentative.

3. (a) Samples up to 10 cc/meter of core lengthcan be automatically distributed by the Curator,Deep Sea Drilling Project, or his authorized rep-resentative to any qualified investigator who re-quests them. The Curator will refrain frommaking automatic distribution of any parts of thecores which appear to be in particularly high de-mand, and any requests for these parts of thecores will be referred to the Sample DistributionPanel for review. Requests for samples from thinlayers or important stratigraphic boundaries willgenerally require Panel review.

(b) All requests for samples in excess of 3 (a)above will be referred to the Sample DistributionPanel.

(c) If, in the opinion of scientific investigators,certain properties they wish to study may de-teriorate prior to the normal availability of thesamples, such investigators may request that thenormal waiting period not apply. All such re-quests must be approved by the Sample Distribu-tion Panel.

4. Samples will not be provided prior to assurancethat funding for sample studies either exists oris not needed. However, neither formal approvalof sample requests nor distribution of sampleswill be made until the appropriate time (Item 1).If a sample request is dependent, either whollyor in part, on proposed funding, the Curator willprovide to the organization to whom the fundingproposal has been submitted any information onthe availability (or potential availability) of sam-ples that it may request.

5. Investigators receiving samples are responsiblefor:

i) promptly publishing significant results;

ii) acknowledging, in publications, that sampleswere supplied through the assistance of theNational Science Foundation;

iii) submitting four (4) copies of all reprints ofpublished results to the Curator, Deep SeaDrilling Project, Scripps Institution of Ocean-ography, University of California at SanDiego, La Jolla, California 92037;

iv) notifying the Curator of any work done onthe samples that is additional to that statedin the original request for samples;

v) returning, in good condition, the remaindersof samples after termination of research, ifrequested by the Curator.

6. Cores will be made available at repositories forinvestigators to examine and specify exact sam-ples in such instances as this may be necessaryfor the scientific purposes of the sampling, subjectto the limitations of 3 (a), (b), (c), and 5,above, and with the specific permission of theCurator or his delegate.

7. Cores of igneous and metamorphic rocks willalso remain at the repositories where they willbe available for observation and description andwhere selected samples may be taken for thin-section preparation and other work.

8. The Deep Sea Drilling Project routinely processesby computer most of the quantitative data pres-ented in the Initial Reports. Space limitations inthe Initial Reports preclude the detailed presen-tation of all such data. However, copies of thecomputer readout are available for those whowish the data for further analysis or as an aidin selecting samples.

Magnetics, seismic reflection and bathymetric datacollected underway by the Glomar Challengerwill also be available for distribution twelvemonths after completion of the cruise.

Requests for these data may be made to:

Coordinating Staff ScientistDeep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa Jolla, California 92037

A charge may be made to recover the expensesof responding to individual requests. Estimatedcharges can be furnished before the request isprocessed, if required.

9. This policy has the approval of the National Sci-ence Foundation and is designed to help ensurethat the greatest possible scientific benefit isgained from the materials obtained, and thatsamples will be made widely available to inter-ested geologists.

xviu

CONTENTS

Because of space limitations, the following chapters written for Volume 23 andintended for inclusions in this Volume will now appear in Volume 26 of the InitialReports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project.

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON LATE NEOGENE RED SEAFORAMINIFERA, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 23BRobert L. Fleisher

FORAMINIFERAL RANGE CHARTS FOR ARABIAN SEA AND REDSEA SITES, LEG 23W. H. Akers

CENOZOIC RADIOLARIA FROM THE ARABIAN SEA, DSDP LEG 23Catherine Nigrini

Chapter

PART I: SITE REPORTS

1. INTRODUCTIONElizabeth T. Bunce, Robert L. Fisher

2. SITE 231Robert L. Fisher, Elizabeth T. Bunce, Paul J.Cernock, David C. Clegg, David S. Cronan,Vincenzo V. Damiani, Leonid Dmitriev, DavidJ. J. Kinsman, Peter H. Roth, Jorn Thiede,Edith Vincent

3. SITE 232The Shipboard Scientific Party





Page

1

17

Chapter



PART II: SPECIAL STUDIES

127

197

249

283

327

391

469

589

10. UNDERWAY OBSERVATIONS LEG 24,GLOMAR CHALLENGER

Part I: DJIBOUTI TO SEYCHELLESISLANDSE. T. Bunce

591

Part II: SEYCHELLES BANK TO PORTLOUIS, MAURITIUS, 5-26 June1972Robert L. Fisher

11.

Page

606

SURVEYS OF FOUR SITES IN THETROPICAL WESTERN INDIAN OCEANAS PREPARATION FOR DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT, LEG 24 637Phyllis B. Helms, Robert L. Fisher, Warren L.Smith, Marie Z. Jantsch

12. SEDIMENT COARSE FRACTIONS FROMTHE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN ANDTHE GULF OF ADEN (DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT, LEG 24) 651Jorn Thiede

13. PETROCHEMICAL STUDY OF THEBASALTIC BASEMENT OF THE MID-INDIAN RIDGE: LEG 24, DJIBOUTI TOMAURITIUS 767Leonid V. Dmitriev

14. TRACE ELEMENT COMPOSITIONS OFLEG 24 BASALTS AND ONE DIABASE . .Celeste G. Engel, Elisabeth Bingham, RobertL. Fisher

781

15. COMPRESSIONAL WAVE VELOCITIESIN SAMPLES OF BASALT RECOVEREDBY DSDP, LEG 24 787Edward Schreiber, Michael R. Perfit, Paul J.Cernock

16. GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OFPOTENTIAL PETROLEUM SOURCEBEDSPaul J. Cernock

791

17. INTERSTITIAL WATER STUDIES,LEG 24 799Mark Sandstrom, Joris Gieskes

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Chapter Page

18. X-RAY MINERALOGY DATA, WESTERNINDIAN OCEAN-LEG 24 DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT 811J. C. Matti, I. Zemmels, H. E. Cook

19. NEOGENE PLANKTONIC FORAMINI-FERA FROM THE GULF OF ADEN ANDTHE WESTERN TROPICAL INDIANOCEAN, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT,LEG 24 827Edith Vincent, William E. Frerichs, Mary E.Heiman

20. PALEOGENE PLANKTONIC FORAMINI-FERA FROM THE WESTERN TROPICALINDIAN OCEAN, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT, LEG 24 851Mary E. Heiman, William E. Frerichs, EdithVincent

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

PALEOCENE AND EARLY EOCENEMICROFACIES, BENTHONICFORAMINI-FERA, AND PALEOBATHYMETRY OFDEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT, SITES236 AND 237, WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN 859Edith Vincent, James M. Gibson, Lelio Brun

CENOZOIC MARINE PLANKTONICDIATOM STRATIGRAPHY OF THETROPICAL INDIAN OCEANHans-Joachim Schrader

CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS FROMTHE NORTHWESTERN INDIAN OCEAN,LEG 24, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECTPeter H. Roth

COCCOLITH ZONATION OF CORESFROM THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEANAND THE GULF OF ADEN, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT, LEG 24David Bukry

RADIOLARIA FROM THE WEST-CENTRAL INDIAN OCEAN ANDARABIAN SEA, DSDP LEG 24Annika Sanfilippo, W. R. Riedel

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THEOSTRACODES OF LEG 24Richard H. Benson

887

969

Chapter Page

PART III: CRUISE SYNTHESIS 1045

27. SEDIMENTS FROM THE GULF OF ADENAND WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN 1047D. S. Cronan, V. V. Damiani, D. J. J. Kins-man, J. Thiede

28. CENOZOIC PLANKTONIC BIOSTRATIG-RAPHY AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OFTHE TROPICAL WESTERN INDIANOCEAN 1111Edith Vincent

PART IV: APPENDICES 1151

APPENDIX I. GRAIN SIZE ANALYSES . . . 1153Gerald N. Bode

APPENDIX II CARBON-CARBONATEANALYSES 1155Gerald N. Bode

APPENDIX III. GASEOUS AND HEAVYHYDROCARBONS INCANNED CORE SAMPLESFROM LEG 24, DSDP 1157Richard D. McIver

APPENDIX IV. COMPLEX TRITERPANOI-DAL ACIDS AND HYDRO-CARBONS IN DSDP CORESAMPLES AND THEIRGEOCHEMICALSIGNIFICANCE 1159Bernd R. Simoneit

APPENDIX V.

995

997

1037

HYDROCARBON ANDKEROGEN STUDIES ONRED SEA AND GULF OFADEN CORESJohn M. Hunt

1165

APPENDIX VI. GEOCHEMISTRY OFCARBON: DSDP LEGS 22, 24,26, 27, AND 28 1169J. G. Erdman, K. S. Schorno,R. S. Scalan

INDEX 1177

xx