Dark Matter and Dark Energy - ffg.at · Dark Matter and Dark Energy Alicia Berciano Alba, Pedro...

Theoretical FrameworkScience Case

Instrumentation & SpacecraftConclusion

DEMON:a Proposal for a Satellite-Borne Experiment to study

Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Alicia Berciano Alba, Pedro Borges da Silva, Hans Eichelberger, FrancescaGiovacchini, Mareike Godolt, Mike Lerchster, Vincent Lusset, Fabio Mattana,

Micha l Micha lowski, Carlos Monteserin-Sanchez, Fabio Noviello, Carina Persson,Ming Zhang, Linda �Ostman

Vienna 27.03.07

Mike Lerchster & Hans Eichelberger Spaceday 2007 - Vienna - DEMON

The Green Team - Alpbach 2005 - DEMON

Alicia Berciano Alba, Pedro Borges da Silva,Hans Eichelberger, Francesca Giovacchini,Mareike Godolt, Mike Lerchster, VincentLusset, Fabio Mattana, Micha l Micha lowski,Carlos Monteserin-Sanchez, Fabio Noviello,Carina Persson, Ming Zhang, Linda �Ostman

14 people out of 9 nations and two weeks ofhard work - day/nights !

=)2006SPIE.6266E..91B orarXiv:astro-ph/0606010

Outline

1 Theoretical FrameworkMotivationWeak Lensing & Cluster Statistics

2 Science CaseWeak Lensing & X-ray

3 Instrumentation & SpacecraftOptical/IR & X-rayOrbit & Scanning StrategyDesign & Power systemThermal & Attitude control, Communication

4 ConclusionOutlookAcknowledgements

Outline

MotivationWeak Lensing & Cluster Statistics

ESA Summer School 2005

� Dark Matter and Dark Energy in theUniverse

ESA Cosmic Vision 2015 - 2025

� Grand themes 4:"How did the Universe originate and what isit made of ?"

� 4.1 The early Universe...Investigate the nature and origin of theDark Energy that currently drives ourUniverse apart.

Concordance cosmological Model - �CDM

� 73 % Dark Energy� 23 % Dark Matter� 4 % Baryonic Matter

Probing a Universe with Dark Energy

Expansion rate H(z)

� Luminosity distance vs redshift: dL(z) m(z)=)standard candles: SNe Ia

� Angular diameter distance vs redshift: dA(z)=)Multiple giant arcs, redshift correlations,...

� Comoving volume - number counts vs redshift=)galaxy number counts N(M; z)

Growth rate D(z)

� Halo number counts vs redshift:=)clusters of galaxies=)galaxy redshift distribution (dark halos)

� Large scale structure: P(k) vs redshift=)cosmic shear

Expansion rate H(z)

Growth rate D(z)

Expansion rate H(z)

Growth rate D(z)

Expansion rate H(z)

Growth rate D(z)

Expansion rate H(z)

Growth rate D(z)

Expansion rate H(z)

Growth rate D(z)

Weak Lensing

Mellier 1999 Mellier 1999

Galaxy ellipticities =) cosmic shear =) DM Power spectrum

Cluster Statistics

Gas temperature/luminosity =) cluster mass =) DM Powerspectrum

Weak Lensing & X-ray

Science Case

Weak lensing scienti�c requirements

� Large sky coverage and highnumberdensity

=) 5000 deg2; 16 ks exposure;IAB � 27 mag ;

60� 100 gal � arcmin�2;hzi � 1:3� 1:4

� Accurate shape measurements ofgalaxies

=) PSF � 0:17"

Science Case

60� 100 gal � arcmin�2;hzi � 1:3� 1:4

=) PSF � 0:17"

Science Case

60� 100 gal � arcmin�2;hzi � 1:3� 1:4

=) PSF � 0:17"

Science Case

X-ray cluster statistics requirements

� Large sky coverage and high energyresolution

=) 5000 deg2;� 64 ks exposure;Lx � 8 � 10�15 erg cm�2 s�1;0:5� 2 keV ; 20 clusters deg�2;� 100:000 cluster ; hzi � 0:75

� Accurate separation between galaxyclusters and point-like sources

=) PSF � 15"

Science Case

=) PSF � 15"

Science Case

=) PSF � 15"

Optical/IR & X-rayOrbit & Scanning StrategyDesign & Power systemThermal & Attitude control, Communication

Instrumentation

Optical/IR telescope & detector

� 2 m diameter optical/IR telescope, � 1 deg2FOV ;three-mirror anastigmatic design (TMA-Korsch)

� 4 �lters, 1 optical broad-band (R+I+z, 5 �m (0:04"=pixel));3 infrared (J,H and K, 18 �m (0:085"=pixel))

Instrumentation

X-ray telescope and detector

� eight 0:358 m diameter X-ray telescopes, 0:473 deg2 FOV,54 Wolter-I mirror shells (paraboloid+hyperboloid)

� pn-CCD detectors - 75x75 �m2 (41; 20x41; 20)

Instrumentation

Spacecraft

Spacecraft Orbit

� circular Low Earth Orbit (LEO)� i = 5�; h = 600km; v = 7:6km=s;torbit = 1:61h; tecl = 28min

=) avoid Van Allen radiation belt &South Atlantic Anomaly

=) high telemetry data rate=) Soyuz-Fregat launcher from

Kourou

Scanning Strategy

� sky sampling in concentric circles� The FOV is shiftet by 10" every 2orbits

� 16 ks exposure time per pointing=) 5000deg2 in 4.5 years

Spacecraft

Spacecraft Orbit

Kourou

Scanning Strategy

Spacecraft

Spacecraft Orbit

Kourou

Scanning Strategy

Spacecraft

Spacecraft Orbit

Kourou

Scanning Strategy

Spacecraft

Spacecraft Orbit

Kourou

Scanning Strategy

Spacecraft

Spacecraft Orbit

Kourou

Scanning Strategy

Spacecraft

Spacecraft Orbit

Kourou

Scanning Strategy

Spacecraft

Spacecraft Orbit

Kourou

Scanning Strategy

Spacecraft

Spacecraft Orbit

Kourou

Scanning Strategy

Spacecraft

Spacecraft Orbit

Kourou

Scanning Strategy

Spacecraft

Size, Mass, Power system

� size = 7.1 m x 3.75 m, total mass = 2.500 kg=) Soyuz-Fregat launcher from Kourou =) LEO

� required power P = 1980 W=) solar array 14:7m2

Spacecraft

Thermal control

� 2 x 180 deg/orbit, 1 deg/s� multi layer insulation - MLI� Service module 278-303 Kpassive cooling =) radiators

� IR detectors 150 Kactive cooling =) thermoelectricpumps

� X-ray Dectectors 213 Kpassive cooling =) radiators + activesupport

� X-ray optical system 239 Kactive heating =) heaters withthermostats

Spacecraft

Thermal control

Spacecraft

Thermal control

Spacecraft

Thermal control

Spacecraft

Thermal control

Spacecraft

Thermal control

Spacecraft

Thermal control

Spacecraft

Thermal control

Spacecraft

Thermal control

Spacecraft

Thermal control

Spacecraft

Thermal control

Spacecraft

Attitude & Orbit control

� 3 + 1 momentum wheels=) slews

� 12 hydrazine thrusters=) momentum dumping, maneuvers

� attitude control=) 2 sun sensors, 2 star trackers,

2 space inertia reference units,kHz-SLR

Stability

� 1' per hour

Spacecraft

Stability

� 1' per hour

Spacecraft

Stability

� 1' per hour

Spacecraft

Stability

� 1' per hour

Spacecraft

Stability

� 1' per hour

Spacecraft

Stability

� 1' per hour

Spacecraft

Stability

� 1' per hour

Spacecraft

Stability

� 1' per hour

Communication

Space Segment

� RF at 25.5-27 GHz (Ka-band)� solid state mass memory - SSMM -lossless data compression

� solid state power ampli�ers - SSPAs� phased array antenna� Telemetry data rate � 1 Gsps(fair weather)

Ground Segment

� Ground stations: Kourou, Malindi, ...� Demon Operation: Mission OperationsCentre (MOC), Science OperationsCentre (SOC)

Communication

Space Segment

Ground Segment

Communication

Space Segment

Ground Segment

Communication

Space Segment

Ground Segment

Communication

Space Segment

Ground Segment

Communication

Space Segment

Ground Segment

Communication

Space Segment

Ground Segment

Communication

Space Segment

Ground Segment

OutlookAcknowledgements

Conclusion & Outlook

� combined optical and X-ray survey istechnically possible, e.g. DEMON is 5times more sensitive than eROSITA,PSF is better sampled than SNAP orJDEM ...

� complementary to ground-basedwide-�eld surveys (U,B,V,R,I), e.g.KIDS, PanSTARRS,...

� future CMB-missions (PLANCK,...)� future SNIa-missions (SNAP, JDEM,DUNE,...)

� future X-ray-missions (eROSITA,XEUS,...)

� future Weak Lensing-missions (DUNE,SNAP,...)

Acknowledgements

The GT would like to thank the organizers and the tutors of the Alpbach summerschool 2005 for inspiration and help. Especially they would like to thank Dr. AndreasQuirrenbach and the director of the school Dr. Johannes Ortner.

We would like to thank Edo Loenen for help during the preparation of the 3D �gure ofthe spacecraft, and the Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciencesand Dr. W. Baumjohann for the workshop support.

Last but not least we would like to thank all our muses, like G�unther Hasinger,Yannick Mellier, Peter Schneider, Andrea Santovincenzo and Martin Turner for theirhelp and of course their inspiration.

Dark Matter and Dark Energy - ffg.at · Dark Matter and Dark Energy Alicia Berciano Alba, Pedro...

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