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ConveyorsAustin Rogers
11/7/2014
Overview
“A Conveyor is a mechanical apparatus for moving items or bulk materials…” Groover [1]
When to use a conveyor?
Large quantities
Fixed Paths
Handling Hazardous materials
Hazardous Environment
Dichotomies
Level: floor, table, overhead
Powered or non-powered
Continuous and Asynchronous
Current State
Where are conveyors used?
“Commonly used in automated material transport systems in manufacturing plants,
warehouses, and
distribution centers” Groover [1]
[4]
Who uses conveyors?
Manufacturing Industries
Automotive
Agriculture
Computer/electrical
Pharmaceutical
Bottling/canning
PackagingThe Digital Universe [9]
What are conveyors used for?
Materials handling
Handling Hazardous Materials
Chemicals
Hypodermic Needles
Hazardous Environments
Rolling, Forging, Sintering etc…
Automated manufacturing
Painting
Does not require dexterous motion
Strenuous, repetitive work for humans
BusinessWeek.com
PanTaiwan.com
When are conveyors used?
24/7
IM Flash, Lehi, UT
BD Medical, Sandy, UT
Hazardous applications
High Volume
Fixed Paths
Why are conveyors used?
Safer than other methods such as manually lifting and forklifts
Hazardous materials
Hazardous environments
Repeatability
Cheaper that human labor
Eliminates strenuous human labor
Capable of moving loads of all shapes, sizes, and weights
Reliability & Repeatability
Cost of ConveyorSystems
Gravity Conveyor: $155.00 [3]
Flexible & Expandable Gravity Conveyor: $1,929.00 [3]
Pricing guidelines for 24” wideconveyor [4]
Supporting Technologies Facility Requirements:
Usually used inside
Necessary Power
AC/DC
Pneumatic/Hydraulic
Maintenance Support
Personnel
Tools & Parts
Supporting Technologies:
Sensors
Proximity
RFID Reader
Actuators Motors
Pallet Stops
Pallet Lifts
Pallet Locating
Sorting
Control Algorithms
Sorting
Asynchronous Motion
Safety Mechanisms
Guarding
Emergency Stops
Roller & Skate Wheel Conveyors
Advantage:
Simple
Non-powered
Disadvantage:
Load must be flat-bottomed
Often non-powered
Use in Industry:
Belt Conveyor
Advantage:
Simple
Powered
Disadvantage:
Locating part
Temperature
Use in Industry:
Overhead Conveyor
IM Flash Facility, Lehi, UT [2]
Advantage:
Part is Accessible
Small Footprint
Disadvantage:
Integrated in facility
Specific Container Size
Use in Industry:
Towline
[6]
[6]
Advantage:
Heavy Loads
Non-powered
Disadvantage:
Slow
Integrated in facility
Use in Industry:
Cart on TrackUse in Industry:
Vertical ConveyorsSpiral Conveyors
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Use in Industry:
Motion Up = Powered
Motion Down = Non-powered / Gravity
How does it work?
Application Rules / Limitations
Require regular maintenance
Well lubricated
Protected from contaminates
Many parts
O-rings, fittings, bearings, gears etc…
There is not a universal conveyor system
Weight limitations
Each new product must be deemed acceptable for the conveyor
$$ Cost $$
$6,550.00: 250 lbs load capacity
100 lbs / ft.
150 lbs / ft
Vendors
Technical Paper Do Belt Conveyor Standards Replace Fundamental Principles?
“Belt conveyor standards are essential and serve to maintain universally acceptable minimum guide lines for the design criteria. However, occasionally some belt systems do not meet with the design engineer’s or end user’s expectations”
“Standards are essential. Additionally, a sound understanding of belt conveyor principles is imperative to achieve an efficient installation. For the majority of conveyors the available standards give a straight forward approach to the design calculations.”
“It must be appreciated that a conveyor system comprises of mechanical, electrical and control devices. An ideal conveyor system is a harmonious interaction between all the components and therefore a change in any one of these can upset he total balance of the system.”
K-P. Muller [5]
Main Idea:
There are many established conveyor standards. Use these design standards when choosing and analyzing a conveyor system to ensure clear communication between manufacturer, supplier, and end user.
Standards: ISO 5048
ISO 5048:1989: Continuous mechanical handling equipment – Belt conveyors with carrying idlers –Calculation of operating power and tensile force
Abstract:
Specifies methods for the calculation of the operating power requirements on the driving pulley of a belt conveyor, and of the tensile forces exerted on the belt. Applies to belt conveyors with carrying idlers. Lays down the definitions, symbols and units etc. and defines the resistances to motion of belt conveyor, the driving force and power requirements and the capacity and cross-section of a conveyor with a smooth patternless belt. ISO [8]
Practice Problem [1]
Roller Conveyor follows a pathway 35 m long.
Velocity: 40 m/min
2 operators work at loading station,
1st loads parts into tote (25 seconds)
2nd loads totes onto conveyor (10 seconds)
Determine the spacing between tote pans along the conveyor
Spacing between totes
Velocity: 40 m/min
Critical Time: 25 Sec
Spacing = (25 sec)*(min/60sec)*(40 m/min)
Spacing = 16.67 m
Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUtS52lqL5w
Conveyor Systems Summary “A Conveyor is a mechanical apparatus for moving
items or bulk materials…” Groover [1]
When to use a conveyor?
Large quantities
Fixed Paths
Handling Hazardous materials
Hazardous Environment
Used in: Manufacturing Plants, Warehouses, Distribution Centers Manufacturing Industries
Automotive
Agriculture
Computer/electrical
Pharmaceutical
Bottling/canning
Packaging
Materials handling
Handling Hazardous Materials
Chemicals
Hypodermic Needles
Hazardous Environments
Rolling, Forging, Sintering etc…
Automated manufacturing
Painting
Supporting Technologies:
Sensors
Proximity
RFID Reader
Actuators Motors
Pallet Stops
Pallet Lifts
Pallet Locating
Sorting
Control Algorithms
Sorting
Asynchronous Motion
Safety Mechanisms
Guarding
Emergency Stops Limitations
Require regular maintenance
There is not a universal conveyor system
$$ Cost $$
Austin Rogers11/7/2014
References
[1] Groover, Mikell P. "Conveyors." Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Higher Education, 2015. 284 - 289. Print.
[2] "IM Flash Technologies Tour." WebReserve.com. WebReserv.com, 1 Jan. 2014. Web. 4 Nov. 2014. <http://www.webreserv.com/embastudentbyuut>.
[3] "Conveyors." U Line. Web. 4 Nov. 2014. <http://www.uline.com/Grp_475/Conveyors>.
[4] Bastian II, Bill. "Project Planning: How Much Does Conveyor Cost?" Bastian Solutions: Innovative Automation Solutions. Web. 4 Nov. 2014. <http://www.bastiansolutions.com/blog/index.php/2013/08/08/how-much-does-conveyor-cost/#.VFkYZhBNxfF>.
[5] Muller, K-P. "Do Belt Conveyor Standards Replace Fundamental Principles?" Double Arrow. Web. 4 Nov. 2014. <http://www.doublearrowbelt.com/client/1.do belt conveyor standards replace fundamental principles.pdf>.
[6] “RSI Incoportated: Custom Finishing & Material Handline Systems”. Rhodes Systems International Incorporated, 2005. 5 Nov 2014.<http://www.rsisystemsinc.net/infloortowconveyor.htm>
[7] ”Cart on Track Conveyor.” Shmula.com. Shmula LLC, 2014. 5 Nov 2014.<http://www.shmula.com/cart-on-track-conveyor/8444/>
[8] Home (ISO 5048:1989)http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=11069
[9] “Behind the Scenes of BYU’s Culinary Support Center”. The Digital Universe. 2013 The Universe – Brigham Young University.<http://universe.byu.edu/2012/11/07/final-story-behind-the-scenes-of-byus-culinary-support-center/>
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