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8/7/2019 Concept of Mgnt.
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PRINCIPLES OF
MANAGEMENT
Dr. Smita Gupta
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Management
2
The attainment of organizational goals in an
effective and efficient manner through planning,
organizing, leading and controlling organizational
resources.
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Definition
Management is the art of getting things done through
and with the people in formally organized groups.
Koontz H.
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Define Organizations :
Organizations which can be defined as group of
people working together to create a surplus.
In business organizations, this surplus is profit.
In nonprofit organizations, such as charitable
organizations, it may be the satisfaction of needs.
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Features of Management :
1. Universal
2. Purposeful
3. Unifying force
4. Social process5. Multi- disciplinary
6. Continuous process
7. Intangible
8. Group activity9. System of Authority
10. Science as well as an art.
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Features of Management :
Universal Management is needed in all types
and sizes of organizations, at all levels , in all
organizational areas, no matter where located.
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Features of Management :
Purposeful Management exists for the
achievement of specific objectives/goals.
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Features of Management :
Unifying force Management is the force that
unifies human as well as non-human resources
in the service of organizational goals.
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Features of Management :
Social Process Management is done by
people, through people and for people.
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Features of Management :
Multidisciplinary Management has received
rich contributions from various disciplines like
psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics
etc.
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Features of Management :
Continuous Process Management is a on-
going process, so long as organized action for the
achievement of group goals.
According to Drucker, managers do not wait for thefuture, they make the future.
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Features of Management :
Intangible Management is an unseen/invisible
force but its presence can be felt everywhere in
the form of results.
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Features of Management :
Group Activity Management is concerned
with getting things done through people.
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Features of Management :
System of Authority A manager is
supposed to get things done, rather than doing
things himself, by using authority.
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Features: Management is an Scienceas well an Art
Systematized Body of
Knowledge (cause andeffect, theories andprinciples)
Scientific observation
Experimentation Verifiable Principles
Universal Application
Body of Knowledge
Personalized
application of
knowledge and skills.
Practice Creativity
Science Art
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Features: Management as well as an Art
Science because it is systematized body of knowledge
(theories and principles) , universal applicability, scientific
researches in management use scientific techniques but is not
as perfect as physical sciences ( physics, chemistry etc)-
social science, inexact science.
Art because manager does use knowledge of concepts with
his personal skills and continuous practice , creativity
achieves pre-determined goals (music, dancing, painting etc)
Management is both. Aptly remarked Management is theoldest of arts and the youngest of sciences
The theory (science) and practice (art)of management go
side by side.
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Management vs Administration :
Administration is broader than management
Administration is part of management
Management & administration are same
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Administration is Broader Than Management :
Administration is the overall determination of thepolicies, the setting of major objectives and the laying
out of broad programs.
Management, on the other hand is concerned withcarrying out broad policies laid down by the
administration.
Ordway Tead, Oliver Sheldon, William Schulze etc.
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Administration is part of Management:
Administration handles the current problems thatmay arise in carrying out the policies laid down by
management. Administration is just an implementing
agency.
Management is the rule- making and rule- enforcingbody. It is more broader than administration, an all
encompassing and comprehensive term andadministration is a part of it.
Kimball and Kimball, Henry Fayol, E.F.L Brech etc.
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Management and Administration are identical:
Management & administration are synonymous; the
difference between the two terms lies mostly in their
usage in different countries or different fields of
human organizations. All organizations require planning, organization,
command, coordination and control in order to
function properly.
Drucker suggested, management is for businessenterprises while administration is applicable in
government, military, social and cultural institutions.
William Newman, Harold koontz, Earnest Dale etc.
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Difference between administration &
management :
Basis of differenceBasis of difference AdministrationAdministration ManagementManagement
11 Level in organizationLevel in organization Top levelTop level Middle & lowerMiddle & lower
22 Major focusMajor focus PolicyPolicy
formulation &formulation &objectiveobjective
determinationdetermination
Policy executionPolicy execution
for objectivefor objectiveachievementachievement
33 Nature of functionsNature of functions DeterminativeDeterminative ExecutiveExecutive
44 Scope of functionsScope of functions Broad &Broad &
conceptualconceptual
Narrow &Narrow &
operationaloperational
55 Factors affectingFactors affecting
decisionsdecisions
Mostly externalMostly external Mostly internalMostly internal
66 EmployerEmployer--employeeemployee Entrepreneurs &Entrepreneurs & EmployeesEmployees
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