CIRCULATION. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ASSOCIATES INTIMATELY WITH ALL BODY TISSUES – CIRCULATORY...
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- Slide 1
- CIRCULATION
- Slide 2
- THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ASSOCIATES INTIMATELY WITH ALL BODY
TISSUES CIRCULATORY SYSTEM A SYSTEM OF INTERNAL TRANSPORT;
TRANSPORTS OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE, DISTRIBUTES NUTRIENTS TO BODY
CELLS, AND CONVEYS THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF METABOLISM TO SPECIFIC
SITES FOR DISPOSAL
- Slide 3
- CIRCULATION SEVERAL TYPES OF INTERNAL TRANSPORT HAVE EVOLVED IN
ANIMALS SIMPLE ANIMALS HAVE NO TRUE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (WHY DONT
THEY NEED ONE??) EX. HYDRA BLOOD SPECIALIZED CIRCULATORY FLUID
FOUND IN MORE COMPLEX ANIMALS TWO BASIC TYPES OF SYSTEMS OPEN
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
- Slide 4
- CIRCULATION TWO BASIC TYPES OF SYSTEMS
- Slide 5
- CIRCULATION TWO BASIC TYPES OF SYSTEMS OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
BLOOD LEAVES THE VESSELS AND BATH THE CELLS DIRECTLY (EX.
GRASSHOPPER) CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (A.K.A. CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM) CONSISTS OF A HEART AND TUBE-LIKE VESSELS; THE BLOOD IS
ALWAYS CONFINED TO THESE VESSELS (EX. FISH, HUMANS)
- Slide 6
- CIRCULATION CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM THREE KINDS OF VESSELS
ARTERIES CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART ARTERIOLES SMALL VESSELS,
OFF ARTERIES, THAT GIVE RISE TO CAPILLARIES VEINS CARRY BLOOD TO
THE HEART VENULES RESULT OF CONVERGING CAPILLARIES THAT EVENTUALLY
FORM VEINS CAPILLARIES CONVEY BLOOD BETWEEN ARTERIES AND VEINS
WITHIN EACH ORGAN CAPILLARY BEDS NETWORKS OF CAPILLARIES THAT
INFILTRATE EVERY ORGAN AND TISSUE IN THE BODY
- Slide 7
- CIRCULATION VERTEBRATE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS REFLECT EVOLUTION
VERTEBRATE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
- Slide 8
- CIRCULATION VERTEBRATE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS PULMONARY CIRCUIT
CARRIES BLOOD BETWEEN THE HEART AND THE GAS EXCHANGE TISSUES IN THE
LUNGS SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT CARRIES BLOOD BETWEEN THE HEART AND THE REST
OF THE BODY
- Slide 9
- CIRCULATION HUMAN HEART AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM TYPIFY THOSE
OF MAMMALS
- Slide 10
- CIRCULATION FOLLOWING THE PATH OF BLOOD RIGHT VENTRICLE
*PULMONARY ARTERIES* CAPILLARIES IN LUNGS *PULMONARY VEIN* LEFT
ATRIUM LEFT VENTRICLE AORTA ARTERIES BRANCH OFF AORTA SUPERIOR VENA
CAVA / INFERIOR VENA CAVA RIGHT ATRIUM *VAVA L VAVA*
- Slide 11
- CIRCULATION THE STRUCTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS FITS THEIR FUNCTION
ARTERIES THICKEST VEINS VALVES CAPILLARIES THINNEST
- Slide 12
- CIRCULATION THE HEART CONTRACTS AND RELAXES RHYTHMICALLY
CARDIAC CYCLE A COMPLETE SEQUENCE OF FILLING AND PUMPING OF THE
HEART DIASTOLE ENTIRE HEART IS RELAXED; BLOOD FLOWS INTO ALL FOUR
CHAMBERS AV VALVES ARE OPEN, ALLOWING BLOOD TO GO FROM ATRIUM TO
VENTRICLES SYSTOLE BRIEF CONTRACTION THAT FORCES ALL BLOOD INTO
VENTRICLES (0.1 SEC) VENTRICLES CONTRACT FOR ABOUT 0.3 SEC, CLOSING
AV VALVES AND OPENING SEMI-LUNAR VALVES WHICH PUMPS BLOOD INTO
ARTERIES
- Slide 13
- CIRCULATION THE HEART CONTRACTS AND RELAXES RHYTHMICALLY
CARDIAC OUTPUT THE VOLUME OF BLOOD PER MINUTE THAT THE LEFT
VENTRICLE PUMPS INTO THE SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT VALVES PREVENT BACKFLOW
AND KEEP BLOOD FLOWING IN RIGHT DIRECTION RESPONSIBLE FOR LUB-DUB
SOUND HEART MAKES WHEN DEFECTIVE, RESULTS IN A MURMUR EXTRA HEART
SOUNDS
- Slide 14
- CIRCULATION THE PACEMAKER SETS THE TEMPO OF THE HEARTBEAT
- Slide 15
- CIRCULATION THE PACEMAKER SETS THE TEMPO OF THE HEARTBEAT
PACEMAKER A.K.A. SA (SINOATRIAL) NODE; SPECIALIZED REGION OF
CARDIAC MUSCLE THAT MAINTAINS THE HEARTS PUMPING RHYTHYM BY SETTING
THE RATE AT WHICH ALL THE MUSCLE CELLS OF THE HEART CONTRACT
PACEMAKER GENERATES ELECTRICAL SIGNALS SIGNALS SPREAD THROUGHOUT
ATRIA; 0.1 SEC TO REACH AV (ATRIOVENTRICULAR) NODE SPECIALIZED
MUSCLE FIBERS RELAY SIGNALS AND CAUSE VENTRICLE CONTRACTION THAT
PUMPS BLOOD ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKER A TINY ELECTRONIC DEVICE
SURGICALLY IMPLANTED NEAR THE AV NODE; EMIT ELECTRICAL SIGNALS THAT
TRIGGER NORMAL HEARTBEATS
- Slide 16
- CIRCULATION WHAT IS A HEART ATTACK? HEART ATTACK FAILURE OF THE
HEART TO FUNCTION PROPERLY; DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN BEING DELIVERED
TO CARDIAC CELLS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DISEASES OF HEART AND BLOOD
VESSELS; ACCOUNTS FOR 40% OF ALL DEATHS IN U.S. ATHERIOSCLEROSIS
GROWTH OF PLAQUE DEVELOPS ON THE INNER WALLS OF THE ARTERIES,
NARROWING THE PASSAGES THROUGH WHICH BLOOD CAN FLOW
- Slide 17
- CIRCULATION BLOOD EXERTS PRESSURE ON VESSEL WALLS BLOOD
PRESSURE THE FORCE THAT BLOOD EXERTS AGAINST THE WALLS OF OUR BLOOD
VESSELS PULSE THE RHYTHMIC STRETCHING OF THE ARTERIES
- Slide 18
- CIRCULATION MEASURING BLOOD PRESSURE CAN REVEAL CARDIOVASCULAR
PROBLEMS HYPERTENSION HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE; MAY INDICATE A SEVERE
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
- Slide 19
- CIRCULATION SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTROLS THE DISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD
SPHINCTERS EXIST THAT LIMIT BLOOD FLOW THROUGH CAPILLARY BEDS IF
BLOOD IS NOT NEEDED IN THOSE AREAS (EX. DIGESTIVE TRACT DURING
EXERCISE)
- Slide 20
- CIRCULATION CAPILLARIES ALLOW THE TRANSFER OF SUBSTANCES
THROUGH THEIR WALLS THE THIN WALLS MAKE THIS THE ONLY VESSEL WHERE
TRANSFER OF SUBSTANCES CAN TAKE PLACE
- Slide 21
- CIRCULATION BLOOD CONSISTS OF CELLS SUSPENDED IN PLASMA
- Slide 22
- CIRCULATION BLOOD CONSISTS OF CELLS SUSPENDED IN PLASMA ADULT
HUMAN ON AVERAGE HAS 4 6 LITERS OF BLOOD 4 PARTS TO BLOOD PLASMA
RED BLOOD CELLS WHITE BLOOD CELLS PLATELETS
- Slide 23
- CIRCULATION PLASMA LIQUID MADE UP OF 90% WATER, 10% INORGANIC
SALTS 55% OF BLOOD IS PLASMA WORKS TO MAINTAIN OSMOTIC BALANCE AND
PH
- Slide 24
- CIRCULATION RED BLOOD CELLS A.K.A. ERYTHROCYTES MOST NUMEROUS
BLOOD CELLS LACK NUCLEI AND MITOCHONDRIA FORMED IN BONE MARROW
CYCLE FOR 3-4 MONTHS BEFORE BROKEN DOWN AND RECYCLED IN THE LIVER
*ANEMIA* AN ABNORMALLY LOW AMOUNT OF HEMOGLOBIN OR A LOW NUMBER OF
RED BLOOD CELLS
- Slide 25
- CIRCULATION WHITE BLOOD CELLS A.K.A. LEUKOCYTES HELP DEFEND THE
BODY 5 TYPES BASOPHILS RELEASE CHEMICALS TO FIGHT INFECTION
NEUTROPHILS PHAGOCYTES MONOCYTES PHAGOCYTES EOSINOPHILS KILL
PARASITIC WORMS, HELP REDUCE ALLERGIES; NOT FULLY UNDERSTAND
LYMPHOCYTES KEY CELL IN IMMUNITY WILL DISCUSS IN MORE DETAIL DURING
IMMUNE SYSTEM
- Slide 26
- CIRCULATION PLATELETS BITS OF CYTOPLASM PINCHED OFF FROM LARGE
CELLS IN THE BONE MARROW IMPORTANT IN BLOOD CLOTTING
- Slide 27
- CIRCULATION BLOOD CLOTTING PLATELETS AND THE PLASMA PROTEIN
FIBRINOGEN ACT AS SEALANTS PROTHROMBIN IS CONVERTED TO THROMBIN
WHICH CONVERTS FIBRINOGEN TO FIBRIN FIBRIN THREAD-LIKE PROTEIN THAT
TRAPS BLOOD CELLS; FORMING PATCH UNTIL CONNECTIVE TISSUE CAN HEAL
CLOTTING MECHANISM DEFECTS CAN BE SERIOUS HEMOPHILIA THROMBOSIS
CLOTS WHEN THERE IS NO INJURY
- Slide 28
- CIRCULATION STEM CELLS OFFER A POTENTIAL CURE FOR LEUKEMIA AND
OTHER BLOOD CELL DISEASES STEM CELLS UNSPECIALIZED CELLS LEUKEMIA
CANCER OF THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS (LEUKOCYTES)
- Slide 29
- CIRCULATION SPEAKING OF DISEASESHOW DOES THE HUMAN BODY PROTECT
ITSELF?? THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS NEXT!!!