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EXCAVATIONS IN CHIOS 1938-1955: PREHISTORIC EMPORIO AND AYIO GALA. VOLUME II
Author(s): SINCLAIR HOOD, JULIET CLUTTON-BROCK and PERRY G. BIALORSource: The British School at Athens. Supplementary Volumes, No. 16, EXCAVATIONS INCHIOS 1938-1955: PREHISTORIC EMPORIO AND AYIO GALA. VOLUME II (1982), pp. i-xix, 427-730Published by: British School at AthensStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40855996.
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EXCAVATIONSIN CHIOS
i938- 955
PREHISTORIC EMPORIO
AND
AYIO GALA
by
SINCLAIR HOOD
with
ontributions
y
JULIET
CLUTTON-BROCK
and
PERRY G.
BIALOR
Volume
I
SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME NO. l6
Published
y
THE BRITISH
SCHOOL
OF ARCHAEOLOGY
AT
ATHENS
THAMES AND HUDSON
1982
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Sinclair ood
1982
ISBN
o
500
960186
Printed
n
Great
ritaint theAlden
ress,
xford
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To the
Memory
f
Philip
Argenti,
itizen f
Chios,
nd
Benefactorf theexcavations t
Ayio
Gala
and
Emporio,
and to that f
George
Choremis,
riend
nd
Benefactorf
the
Emporio
xcavations,
and to the
many
ther
atriotic
hiotswho
oined
with
them o
help
finance
he
excavations t
Emporio,
and bytheir enerosity adetheworkpossible,
butwho wished heir
amesto remain
nknown
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Contents
VOLUME II
page
Preface
vii
Acknowledgements
ix
Abbreviations
xi
Notes
xix
partiu,
emporio
(1952-1955) {continued)
3.
The
Pottery continued]
(2)
Neolithic
o
Early
Bronze
Age
Troy
I-II)
(continued)
(e) Pottery
rom
Area
A
(continued)
427
v. Period
III
427
vi. Period
II
432
vii. Period
I
(the
well)
469
viii.
Surface
471
(f)
Pottery
rom
Areas
B-F
47
x
i.
Area
B
471ii. Area C
512
iii. Area
D
527
iv. Area
E
531
v. Area
F
(including
Period
I)
533
vi.
Pottery ssignable
to Period
I
from ater and mixed levels
in
Areas
D
and
F
568
(3)
End
of
the
arly
Bronze
Age (Troy
III-V)
568
(4)
Middle
Bronze
Age (Troy
VI)
571
(5)
Prehistoric
ottery
rom
he rea
of
the
arly
Christian asilica hurch
578
(6)
Late
Bronze
Age
and
Mycenaean
ottery
579
(a)
General
579
(b) Types 581
(c)
Fabric
581
(d)
From he
emetery
Area
E) 582
(e)
From he
ettlement
Areas
D
and
F)
583
4.
Other Finds
623
(1) Clay objects 623
(2)
Whorls
635
(3)
Stone
bjects
643
(4)
Metal
objects 657
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vi
CONTENTS
(5)
Tools and
other
bjects f
bone, hell,
mber nd
aience
665
5.
The
Animal
Bones
(by Juliet Clutton-Brock)
678
PART IV. THE CHIPPED STONE AND OBSIDIAN INDUSTRIES OF EMPORIO AND AYIO
GALA
699
1.
Introduction
699
2. The
Chipped
Stone
Assemblages
from
Emporio
and the Lower
Cave at
Ayio
Gala
(by
Perry
G.
Bialor)
699
(1)
Emporio
699
(2)
The LowerCave at
Ayio
Gala
708
(3)
Comparison
ith
Mykonos
ite
710
3.
The
Chipped
Stone
Assemblage
from he
Upper
Cave at
Ayio
Gala
71
1
PART
V. THE CHRONOLOGICAL
POSITION
OF EMPORIO
AND AYIO
GALA
IN THE
NEOLITHIC
AND EARLY BRONZE
AGE
715
1. Introduction 715
2.
Emporio
X-VIII
716
3.
Emporio
VII-VI
720
4.
Emporio
V-IV
723
5.
Emporio
II
724
6.
Emporio
I
724
7.
Conclusion
725
appendix a. Late
Mycenaean
Amber from
mporio (by
Curt W.
Beck and
Christopher
A.
Shustak)
727
appendix B.
Table
of
Late Bronze
Age
and
Mycenaean
types 730
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Preface
These volumes
re
a
sequel
to
Greek
mporioyJohn
Boardman.
They
are concerned
with
he
excavations
t two
prehistoric
ites
t
opposite
ndsof
Chios,
t
Ayio
Gala
in
the
north,
where
the
ate MissEdith
Ecclesmade
oundings
n
a
pair
of aves
n 1
38,
nd at
Emporio
n
the outh
where directed
work or
heBritish chool
at Athens
rom
952
to
1955.
The
material
rom
yio
Gala is divisible
nto wo
hronological
roups:
n
earlier,
f
which
Dr.
Audrey
urness
Mrs.Ozanne)
has
alreadypublished
careful
tudy,
nd
a laterwhich
appears
to be
assignable
o the
beginning
f the
Early
Bronze
Age.
The
earliermaterial s
certainly
eolithic
n
Aegean
terms,
nd
has been
ssigned
y
Dr. Furness o
a
very arly hase
oftheAegeanNeolithic. hisassignationeems o me correct.
The
great
nterest
f
Emporio
s thestratified
equence
for he
early
prehistoric eriods
obtained
n the
mainArea
A of he xcavations.
he oldest
ccupation
evels f he itewerenot
reached
here,
ince
they ay
below
the
xisting
ater
able. The earliest
ottery
ecovered as
been lassified
y
ome f
hose
whohave een
t s Late Neolithic
n
Aegean
terms,
nd thatwas
my
wn
view
f t t
first. utfurther
tudy
f
hismaterial as convinced
me that t
belongs
o
a
much lder
horizon,
nd that
t
goes
back
n time efore he arliest
ccupation
t
Ayio
Gala. It
is therefore
believe
ssignable
o the
beginning
fthe
Early
Neolithic
n
Aegean
terms.
The
bulk f
he
prehistoric
aterial
ecoveredt
Emporio
elongs
othese
arly
eriods,
hat
is
in
Aegean
terms)
o
theNeolithic
nd the
beginning
fthe
Early
Bronze
Age.
This material
has been
divided
mong
en
Periods,
ased
upon
major
building
evelopments
n
Area
A. The
tenPeriods
all
ntofive
main
groups
which re marked
y
distinct
hanges
n
pottery
ashions.
The firstf thesegroups PeriodsX-VIII) seems ocover relatively arlyphaseof the
Aegean
Neolithic,
while
he atest
part
of
t
(Period
VIII)
can be correlated
with heearliest
known
hase
of ettled
ccupation
n
the
Troad
(Besjk
epe
and
Kum
Tepe
I
A)
The
pottery
f
the econd
roup
Periods
VII
VI)
is
closely
elated o that
fKum
Tepe
I B
in
theTroad. This
second
group
Periods
VII
VI)
appears
to
overlap
with
heend of the Middle
Neolithic nd
part
f he
Late Neolithic
n theGreekmainland.
he third
roup
onsisting
f
Periods
V
and
IV with
ottery
kinto that f he
Trojan region
eems o
fallwithin he arlier
art
of
Troy
.
The fourth
roup
Periods
II
II)
follows destruction
fthePeriod
V settlement
y
fire.
t
should
overlap
with he ater
tages
f
Troy
I
and
with he
beginning
f
Troy
II
before he
manufacture
fwheelmade
ases there. he
fifth
roup
Period )
with he
first
ppearance
of
wheelmade
ottery
t
Emporio
eems
o
correspond
ith late
stage
of
Troy
I.
The
pottery
f
Ayio
Gala and thatof the
early
periods
t
Emporio
vidently
eflect
uite
separate raditions.hepotteryrom he wo itess nfact o differenthat t shard oestablish
a
chronological elationship
etween
he two
equences.
The earliest
ottery
rom
yio
Gala,
however,
ppears
to
fall
within eriods
X VIII at
Emporio;
ut
occupation
ontinued
n
the
cavesthere
nto he ime f
Emporio
Periods
VII VI
and
perhaps
V-IV.
The
marked
ivergences
n
the
pottery
rom hese
wo ites t
opposite
nds
fChios eems
o
be the ffectf
ettlers
eaching
he sland
from
ifferent
egions
t
different
imes.
he
firsto
arrive stablished
hemselves
n
the
fertileouth f Chios
n
thearea of
Emporio.
They
made
vii
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viii
PREFACE
dark-surfaced
ottery
istantly
elated o
thatof
theearliest orizonknown
n
Anatolia
e.g.
atal
Hyk)
nd
n
Syria from
muq
Phase
A
onwards)
These
mmigrantsrobably
ame
to
Chios
from he outh
r
south-east.
arlypottery
rom
aves
n
the
region
f
Antalya
n the
southern oastofTurkeyhasfeatureseminiscentfpotteryromhe owest evels eachedby
excavation
t
Emporio.
The
earliest
ottery
f
Ayio
Gala on
the ther and s
red-surfaced
nd
obviously
elated o
that
known
rom acilar
n
south-western
urkey.
imilar
ottery
ppears
to have been
noted
at
Morali
n
western
urkey
pposite
hios.
The
immigrants
hofirst
ccupied
henorth f
he
island
and
settled
n
the
region
f
Ayio
Gala
may
therefore
ave
reached
Chios
from ome
neighbouring
art
of
heTurkish
mainland.
The
later
stages
f the
Early
Bronze
Age,
the
period
of
Troy
III-V,
were
not
certainly
represented
t
Emporio
by
architectural
emains
r
deposits
n
the
areas
excavated. But
fragments
f
pottery
uggest
hat
here
was
continuity
f
occupation
t
the ite
hroughout
he
Early
nd into he
Middle
Bronze
Age
overlapping
ith
he
pening
hases
f
Troy
VI. A
little
imported rey
Minyan
ware nd
some f he
ocal
matt-painted
are
recoveredt
Emporiomay
be ofMiddleBronzeAgedate;butthedecoration fmuchofthematt-painted are seems o
reflect
retan
fashions fthe
arlier
art
oftheLate
Bronze
Age
(Late
Minoan
).
Therewas
some vidence
or
Mycenaean
ccupation
t
Emporio
s
early
s
Mycenaean
II
B. An
important
Mycenaean
settlement
ndoubtedly
xisted there
during
the
following
Mycenaean
II
C
period,
nd thiswas
finally
estroyed
r
abandoned
n
an
advanced
phase
of
Mycenaean
II
C.
A
number
f
complete
r
restorable
Mycenaean
II
C vaseswas
recovered
from his
horizon f
destructionr
abandonment.
These two
volumes f
Prehistoric
mporio
nd
Ayio
Gala
were
onceived s
one,
nd
the ine
of
division etween
hem s
arbitrary.
he
pages,
text
igures
nd
photo
plates,
s well as
the
pottery,
ave
therefore
een
given
onsecutive
umbers.
Volume
I
begins
with a
survey
f
prehistoric
ites
known
n
Chios,
and
describes he
excavations t
Ayio
Gala with he
pottery
nd other
inds
rom he
aves
there.
t
continues ith
a discussion f he elationshipetween he equence tAyioGala and that tEmporio, ollowed
by
an
account f
he xcavations t
Emporio,
with
report
n
the
pottery
f
he
arlier
eriods
from he main
Area
A
there.This
brings
he
story
f
Emporio
down
to the
point
where
he
settlementas
destroyed y
fire
owards he
beginning
fthe
Early
Bronze
Age
in
thetime f
Troy
.
Volume
I
continues ith
he
report
n the
pottery
rom
rea
A
and from ther
arts
f he
site
Areas
B-F)
at
Emporio.
t
includes
survey
fwhat
s known
bout
occupation
t
Emporio
in
the atest
hases
ofthe
Early
Bronze
Age
and in
the
Middle and
Late
Bronze
Ages
together
with
n
accountof
the
Mycenaean
pottery.
escriptions
f
other inds
part
from
ottery
re
followed
y
report
n
the nimal
bones rom
mporio
yJuliet
lutton-Brock,
nd one on
the
chipped
tone
ssemblages
rom
mporio
nd
Ayio
Gala
by
Perry
ialor.
Volume
I
ends
with
section nthe
hronological
osition
f
he
Chian
Neolithic nd
Early
Bronze
Age sequences
s
known rom he xcavations t Emporio ndAyioGala.
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Acknowledgments
The
work fMiss Edith
Eccles at
Ayio
Gala
(1938)
was financed
y
the ate Dr.
Philip
Argenti
and
Mr.
Eumorfopoulos.
xcavations t
Emporio
1952-55)
were
made
possible
n
the first
instance
by
the
generosity
f an
anonymous
onor. Other
donors who wished to remain
anonymous
were
nspired
y
his
example
to
help
finance he excavations. and
the
other
members
f the excavation
party
would
like
to
oin
the Committee f the British chool of
Archaeology
t Athensn
expressing
ur
deepest
ratitude
o them ll forwhat
they
id.
We
are also most
eeply
rateful
o thatwise nd
good
citizen f
Chios,
he ate Mr.
George
.
Choremis,
ot
only
for is
generous
inancial
upport
fthe
Emporio
xcavations rom
ear
to
year, ut lso for is ctive nterestnthe esults, hich xtended o theproblem f he ventual
housing
fthe
finds
n a
worthy
manner. he finenew Museumwhichhas
sincebeen built
n
Chiostown
epresents
nobleconsummation
fhis
dreams.
The
soundings
t
Ayio
Gala were
made
in
1938 by
the
ate Miss Edith Eccles
with
the
assistance
f Miss
Lilian H.
Jeffery,
nd
Mr.
(now
Sir)
David Hunt. Illness
prevented
Miss
Eccles
from
eturning
o
Greeceafter
hewar
to
complete
er work n the
material,
nd she
kindly
nvited
me
to
undertake he
publication
f t
in
connectionwith the excavations t
Emporio
from
952
to
1955.
It is not
possible
o list
by
name
all
thosewho took
part
n
the
Emporio
xcavations;
ut
among
hosewho
were
n
charge
f renches
n
the
prehistoric
ector
were Miss
Mary
Williams
now
Mrs.
William
Elliott),
Miss Rachel Simmons
Mrs.
Sinclair
Hood),
Miss Colina
MacDougall,
Dr.
Michael
Ballance,
nd
Mr
James
Mellaart.
Our foreman
t
Emporio
was Mr. Ioannis
Theotokas,
hen
mayor
of the
neighbouring
village fPiryi,without revious xperiencef xcavationwork, uta man ofgreat haracter,
efficient
n
organisation,
oyal
nd shrewd.Mr.
George
aspis,
his
brother-in-law,
as outstand-
ing
among
the workmen.
Mr.
Michaeli Kokolis was
in
charge
of the
pot-washing.
ur
vase-mender
nd technician
as Mr. SteliosKatsarakis. ome of
the
pottery
rom he
Upper
Cave at
Ayio
Gala was mended
y
Mr.
Argyri
Marinis.
All
thosewho have worked n the
rchaeology
f Chios since heSecondWorldWarowe
much to the
help
and
friendly
nterest f the ocal
Epimelete
f
Antiquities,
Mr.
Antonios
Stephanou,
nd it is
a
pleasure
to record
our
indebtedness o
him in
connection
with
the
excavations
t
Emporio
wherehe was a
frequent
nd welcomevisitor.
We also
enjoyed
he
support
f the
Ephors
of
Antiquities
or he
region
which ncluded
Chios,
the ate Professor
Nicolas
Kontoleon,
nd Mr. A. Vavritsaswho
succeeded
him.
The earlier
urvey
work t
Emporio
was done
by
the ate Mr.David
Smollett,
ut thefinal
plans f he rea weremade nhis wnclear nduniquely trongnddistinctivetyle ythe ate
Dr.
Michael
Ventris,
ssisted
y
Mrs.
Betty
Ventris. he
pottery
asdrawn
by
Miss
Audrey
Petty
now
Mrs.
Spencer
Corbett),
Miss
Wendy
Biggar
Mrs.
Lardner-Dennys),
iss
Rachel
Simmons
Mrs.
Sinclair
Hood),
and Miss
ElizabethCrowfoot.
rawings
f he ther inds
ere
made
by
Miss
Petty Mrs. Corbett),
MissChristine
apieha
(Mrs.Freeman),
nd Miss
Deborah
Pawson
Mrs.
Ruscombe-King).
he
final
racings
fthe
pottery
re
mostly
hework f
Miss
ElizabethCrowfoot nd Mrs. Patricia
Clarke. Mrs. Clarke has
also labouredwith kill
nd
ix
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x
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
patience
o make the
final
nk
drawings
f most fthetrench
lans
and sections.
he arduous
task f
typing
he exthas been
successfully
ompleted
y
Mrs. E.
T.
Templeton.
Miss
Olga
Krzyszkowska
as read
through
he accounts f bone
objects
nd made some
helpfuluggestionsnconnectionwith hem.Mrs.HelenHughes-Brockas kindly nswered
questions
nd
given
dvice nd
referencesbout
pindle
whorls nd
beads,
Dr. OliverDickinson
about
Minyan
ware and
ring
endants
metal
17).
I
am
grateful
o
Dr. David French
nd to
Dr. William
Phelps
for
ermission
o
cite
their
unpublished
octoral heses
odgedrespectively
n
the ibraries f heBritish
choolofArchae-
ology
n
Athens nd the
nstitute f
Archaeology
n
London.The thesis f
Dr.
Phelps epresents
an
important
ontribution
o
Aegean
Neolithic tudies.
am also
obliged
o
Mr.
J.
A. MacGilliv-
ray
for
llowing
me to refer
o his
unpublished
ccount of
pottery
rom he
Mt.
Kynthos
settlement
n
Delos,
available
n
the
ibrary
ftheLondon nstitute f
ClassicalStudies.
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Abbreviations
The
following
bbreviations
are
used
in addition to
those current
n
BSA:
AAA
Athens
nnals
fArchaeology
AASyr
Annales
rchologiques
rabes
yriennes
Aberg,
Chronologie
v
N.
Aberg,
Bronzezeitliche
nd
Frheisenzeitliche
hronologie
v: Griechen-
land
Stockholm,
1933)
Abydos
W.M.F.
Ptrie,
Abydos
(London, 1902)
Achilleion
M.
Gimbutas,
Achilleion:
A
Neolithic
Mound
in
Thessaly;
Prelimin-
ary Reporton 1 73 and 1 74 Excavations',Journal fFieldArchaeology
i(i974)277-3O2
Alaca
1935
R.O.
Arik,
Les
ouilles
'Alaca
H'y'k:
apport
rliminaire
ur
estravaux
n
1935 Ankara,
1937)
Alaca
1936
H.Z.
Koay,
Ausgrabungen
onAlaca
H'y'k:
in
Vorberichtber ie .
.
im
Sommer
936
durchgefhrten
orschungen
nd
ntdeckungen
Ankara, 1944)
Alaca
1937-39
H.Z.Koay,
Les
fouilles
'Alaca
H'y'k:
apport
rliminaire
ur es
travaux
en
1937-1939
Ankara,
1951)
Alalakh
L.
Woolley,
Alalakh
Oxford,
1955)
Alishar
927
E.
F.
Schmidt,
The Alishar
H'y'k;
eason
f1927 (O.
I. P.
vi)
(Chicago
U.P.,
1930)
Alishar
927
i
H.H. von der
Osten and
E. F.
Schmidt,
The Alishar
H'y'k:
eason
f
1927 i (O.I. P. vii) (Chicago U.P., 1932)
Alishar
928-29
E. F.
Schmidt,
The Alishar
H'y'k.
easons
f
1928
nd
1929
part
(O.
I. P.
xix) (Chicago
U.
P.,
1932)
Alishar
930-32
,
ii,
iii H.H. von der
Osten,
The Alishar
H'y'k.
easons
f
1930-32
parts
i-iii
(O.I.
P.
xxviii-xxx)
(Chicago
U.P.,
1937)
Amiran,
APHL Ruth
Amiran,
Ancient
ottery
f
the
Holy
Land
(Jerusalem, 1969)
AntJ
The
Antiquaries
ournal
Anza
M. Gimbutas
(ed.),
Neolithic
Macedonia: As
reflectedy
Excavation t
Anza,
Southeast
ugoslaviaLos Angeles,
1976)
Arapi
H.
Hauptmann
and
V.
Milojcic,
Die FundederFrhen
imini-^eit
us
der
Arapi-magula
hessalien
Bonn, 1969)
AR . . .
Archaeological
eportsor
.
.,
published
by
the Council for he
Society
of Hellenic Studies and the Managing Committee of the British
School
at Athens
Arene andide
,
ii L.B.
Brea,
Gli Scavi nella
Caverna elleArene andide
Istituto
di
Studi
Liguri) (Bordighera,
1946, 1956)
Argissa
ii
E. Hanschmann and
V.
Milojcic,
Argissa-magula
ii:
Die
Frheund
Beginnende
ittlere
ronzezeit
Bonn,
1976)
AS
Anatolian
tudies
xi
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xii
ABBREVIATIONS
Asea
EJ.
Holmberg,
The Swedish xcavations t Asea in Arcadia
Lund
and
Leipzig,
1944)
Asine
O. Frdin
and A.W.
Persson, Asine,
Results
f
the
wedish xcavations
ig22-igjo (Stockholm, 1938)
Aspripetra
D.
Levi,
'La Grotta di
Aspripetra
a
Coo',
Annuario
iii-ix
(1925-26
pub.
1929)
235-310
Athenian
gora
xiii S.A.
Immerwahr,
The Athenian
gora
iii The
Neolithic
nd
Bronze
Ages
(Princeton,
1971)
Ayia
Sofia
Magua
V.
Milojcic
and
others,
Magulen
umLarisa in Thessalien
g66 (Bonn,
^76)
Ayios
Kosmas
G.
Mylonas, Aghios
Kosmas,
n
Early
Bronze
Age
Settlementnd
Cemetery
in Attica
Princeton
U.P.,
1959)
Baden
Symposium
Symposium
ber ie
Enstehung
nd
Chronologie
erBadener
Kultur
Bratis-
lava: Slovak
Academy
of
Sciences,
1973)
Berciu,
Contributii
D.
Berciu,
Contributiia Problemele
eoliticului
nRomnia n
Lumina oilor
CercetariBucharest, 1961)
Beycesultan
,
ii S.
Lloyd
and
J.
Mellaart,
Beycesultan
: The Chalcolithicnd
Early
Bronze
Age
Levels
London, 1962);
ii: Middle
Bronze
Age
Architecturend
Pottery
(London,
1965)
BMA
E
J. Forsdyke,
Catalogue f
theGreek nd EtruscanVases
n the
British
Museum ol.
i
Part
1:
Prehistoric
egean ottery
London, 1925)
Boll. d'Arte Bollettino
'Arte
Branigan,
Aegean
K.
Branigan,
Aegean
Metalwork
f
the
Early
and Middle
Bronze
Age
Metalwork
(Oxford, 1974)
BRGK Bericht
erRmisch-Germanischenommission
Buchholz and
H.-G. Buchholz
and V.
Karageorghis,
Prehistoric
reecend
Cyprus:
n
Karageorghis archaeological
andbook
London,
1973)Burton-Brown1 70 ThirdMillenniumiffusion: Diffusionf deas Wootton,Oxford,1 70)
Byblos
M.
Dunand,
Fouillesde
Byblos
(Paris,
1973)
CAH3
Cambridge
ncient
istory
3rd edition)
Cape Gelidonya
G.F.
Bass,
Cape Gelidonya:
Bronze
AgeShipwreckPhiladelphia,
1967)
Catling,
Cypriot
H.W.
Catling, Cypriot
ronzework
n the
Mycenaean
World
Oxford,
Bronzework
l9^4)
Childe,
Danube
V.G.
Childe,
The Danube n
Prehistory
Oxford, 1929)
Childe,
Dawn
V.G.
Childe,
The Dawn
ofEuropean
ivilization
6th
edition) (London,
1957)
Childe,
New
Light
V.G.
Childe,
New
Light
n the
Most
Ancient ast
(London, 1952)
CMS
F. Matz
and H. Biesantz
(ed.), Corpus
er
Minoischen nd
Mykenischen
Siegel
-
(Berlin,
1964-
)
Corinthiii C.W. Biegen,H. Palmer, R.S. Young, Corinthiii TheNorth emetery
(Princeton, 1964)
Cos
L.
Morricone,
'Coo
-
Scavi e
Scoperte
nel
'Serraglio'
e
in
localit
minori
1935- 1943)',
Annuario
-li
(N.S.
xxxiv-xxxv)
(1972-73 pub.
1975) 139-396
Davis and
Cherry
J.L.
Davis and
J.F. Cherry,Papers
n
Cycladic
rehistory
University
f
California,
nstituteof
Archaeology, Monograph
xiv) (Los Angeles,
1979)
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ABBREVIATIONS
xiii
Dchelette
i
J.
Dchelette,
Manuel
d'archologierhistorique,
eltique
t
gallo-romaine
(2nd edition)
i
(Paris, 1928)
Dlos
xi A.
Plassart,
Dlos
xi:
Les
sanctuairest es
cultes
u Mont
Cynthe
Paris,
1928)
DendraNT
A.W.
Persson,
New
Tombs at Dendra near
Midea
(Lund,
Leipzig,
London,
Oxford
U.P.,
1942)
Desborough,
LMS V.R. d'A.
Desborough,
The
Last
Mycenaeans
nd their
Successors
(Oxford, 1964)
Deshayes,
Les
Outils
,
ii
J. Deshayes,
Les
Outils
e
Bronze,
e
'
ndus u
Danube
,
ii
(Paris,
i960)
Drpfeld,
Alt-Ithaka W.
Drpfeld,
lt-Ithaka
,
ii
(Munich, 1927)
Doumas,
BurialHabits
Ch.
Doumas,
Early
Bronze
Age
Burial Habits n the
Cyclades S.I.M.A.
xlviii) (Gteborg, 1977)
DS
Ch.
Tsountas,
Ai
TrpooTopiKai/cpoTroettjjjltjvov
ai
ZoKov
(Athens, 1908)
Ehrich,
Chronologies
R.W. Ehrich
(ed.), Chronologies
n Old
World
ArchaeologyChicago
(1965) u.p.,1965)
Elateia S.S.
Weinberg,
Excavations at Prehistoric
Elateia,
1959',
Hesperia
xxxi
(1962) 158-209
Emery,
Archaic
gypt
W.B.
Emery,
Archaic
gypt
Harmondsworth,
1961)
Enkomi
i,
iii a
P.
Dikaios,
Enkomi,
Excavations
g48-igj8 (Mainz:
Philipp
von
Zabern,
1971, 1969)
ESA Eurasia
Septentrionalis
ntiqua
Eslick
1980
Christine
Eslick,
'Middle Chalcolithic
Pottery
from
Southwestern
Anatolia',
AJA
lxxxiv
1980) 5-14
Eutresis H.
Goldman,
Excavations t
Eutresis
n Boeotia
Harvard
U.P.,
Cam-
bridge,
Mass.,
1
31)
Festos
L.
Pernier,
//
alazzo
minoico i
Festos
:
Gli Strati
i
antichi il
primoPalazzo
(Rome, 1935)
FMP A.
Furumark,
The
Mycenaean ottery, nalysis
nd
ClassificationStock-
holm,
1
41)
French,
Pottery roups
D.H.
French,
Notes
on Prehistoric
ottery roups
rom
Central
Greece
(Athens, 1972)
French,
Thesis
D.H.
French,
Anatolia and the
Aegean
n the Third Millennium .C.
(Cambridge
Ph.D.
Thesis,
1968)
Gaul,
Neolithic
ulgaria
J.H.
Gaul,
The
Neolithic
eriod n
Bulgaria American
School ofPrehis-
toric Research
Bulletin
16)
(Cambridge,
Mass.,
1948)
Gawra
E. A.
Speiser,
Excavationst
Tepe
Gawra
Philadelphia,
1935)
Gawra
i
AJ.
Tobler,
Excavationst
Tepe
Gawra
Philadelphia,
1950)
Gazetteer19 7 9)
R.
Hope Simpson
and
O.T.P.K.
Dickinson,
A
Gazetteerf AegeanCivilisationn theBronze
Age
: The Mainland and slands
S.I.M.A. Iii)
(Gteborg,
1979)
Gimbutas,
Bronze
Age
M.
Gimbutas,
Bronze
Age
Culturesn Central
nd
Eastern
urope The
Cultures
Hague,
1965)
Gimbutas,
Prehistory
M.
Gimbutas,
The
Prehistory
f
Eastern
urope
Part 1:
Mesolithic,
eo-
lithic nd
CooperAge
Cultures
n Russia and
theBaltic
Area
(Peabody
Museum,
Harvard
University,
ulletin
No.
20) (Cambridge,
Mass.,
1956)
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xiv
ABBREVIATIONS
Gonia
C.W.
Biegen,
'Gonia',
Metropolitan
useum tudies
ii
Part
i
(1930)
55-80
Gournia
H.
Boyd
Hawes and
others,
Gournia,
asiliki nd
other rehistoric
ites
n
the sthmusfHierapetraPhiladelphia, 1908)
Greek
mporio
J.
Boardman,
Excavations
n
Chios
1952-1955,
Greek
mporio
British
School of
Archaeology
at
Athens,
Supplementary
Vol.
6)
(London,
1967)
Hb$e$ti
V.
Dumitrescu,
Hb$e$ti
Bucharest,
1954)
Hacilar
,
ii
J.
Mellaart,
Excavationst Hacilar
,
ii
(Edinburgh,
1970)
Hama ii.
1
E.
Fugmann,
Hama:
fouilles
t recherches
931-1938
i i
(Copenhagen,
J958)
Hammond,
Migrations
N.G.L.
Hammond,
Migrations
nd
nvasions
n Greece nd
Adjacent
reas
(Park
Ridge,
New
Jersey:Noyes
Press,
1976)
Hennessy,Foreign
J.B.
Hennessy,
The
Foreign
elations
f
Palestine
uring
he
arly
Bronze
Relations
Age
London,
1967)
Higgins,Greek nd R.A. Higgins,Greek nd Roman ewelleryLondon, 1961
Roman
ewellery
Hissar
E.F.
Schmidt,
Excavations
t
Tepe
Hissar
Damghan (Philadelphia,
1937)
Holmberg,
Neolithic
EJ. Holmberg,
The
Neolithic
ottery
f
Mainland Greece
Gteborg,
Pottery
1
64)
Homolka
R.W. Ehrich
and E.
Pleslov-Stikov,
Homolka,
n Eneolithic
ite in
Bohemia
Prague,
1968)
lasos
i D.
Levi,
'Le due
prime campagne
di scavo
a lasos
(1960-1961)',
Annuario xxix-xl
(N.S.
xxiii-xxiv) (1961-62)
505-571
lasos
ii
D.
Levi,
'Le
campagne
1962-1964
a
lasos',
Annuario
liii-xliv
(N.S.
xxvii-xxviii) (1965-66)
401-546
lasos iii D. Levi, 'Gli scavi di lasos', Annuarioxlv-xlvi (N.S. xxix-xxx)
(1967-68)537-590
lasos
iv
D.
Levi,
'lasos. Le
campagne
di scavo
1969-70',
Annuario
lvii-xlviii
(N.S.
xxxi-xxxii) (1969-70) 461-532
Ilios
H.
Schliemann,
Ilios:
the
ity
nd
country
f
the
Trojans London,
1880)
Ist.
Mitt.
Istanbuler
itteilungen
Izvoare
R.
Vulpe,
Izvoare
Bucharest, 1957)
Jacobsthal,
Greek
ins
P.
Jacobsthal,
Greek
Pins
and
theirConnexions
ith
Europe
and
Asia
(Oxford,
1956)
Jarmo
RJ.
Braidwood and
B.
Howe,
Prehistoric
nvestigations
n
raqui
Kurdis-
tan
Studies
in
Ancient and
Oriental Civilization
no.
31)
(Chicago
O.I.,
i960)
JFA Journal fFieldArchaeology
JNES
Journal
f
Near
Eastern
tudies
JRGZMainz
Jahrbuch
esRmisch-Germanischen
entralmuseums
ainz
Judeideh
RJ.
Braidwood and
Linda S.
Braidwood,
Excavations
n thePlain
of
Antioch
: The Earlier
Assemblages,
hases
A-J
(O.I.
P.
lxi)
(Chicago,
i960)
Karo,
SG
G.
Karo,
Die
Schachtgmber
on
Mykenai
Munich, 1930)
Kephala
J.E.
Coleman,
Keos
i
Kephala:
a Late
Neolithic
ettlement
nd
Cemetery
(Princeton, 1977)
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ABBREVIATIONS
xv
Kerameikos
W.
Kraiker
and
K.
Kubier,
Kerameikos
: Die
Nekropolen
es 12. bis 10.
Jahrhunderts
Berlin, 1939)
Khirokitia
P.
Dikaios,
Khirokitia
Oxford
U.P.,
1953)
KKh KprjTLKa poviKa
Kish
S.
Langdon,
Excavations
t Kish :
/92J-/924 Paris,
1924)
Korakou
C.W.
Biegen,
Korakou,
Prehistoricettlement
earCorinth
Boston
and
New
York,
1921)
Korucutepe
i M.N. van
Loon,
Korucutepe
i
(Amsterdam,
1978)
Kum
Tepe
J.W.
Sperling,
'Kum
Tepe
in
the
Troad: trial
excavation,
1934',
Hesperia
lv
(1976)
305-364
Kutzian,
K fs-
ultur I.
Kutzian,
A
K'fs- ultur
(Budapest,
1944)
Kythera
J.N.
Coldstream and
G.L.
Huxley, Kythera
London, 1972)
Lefkandi
M.R.
Popham
and
L.H.
Sacke
tt,
Excavations
t
Lefkandi,
Euboea,
ig64~66 (British
chool of
Archaeology
at
Athens) (London, 1968)
London IA
Bulletin
f
the nstitute
f
Archaeology,
ondon
University
MacGillivray 1979 J.A. MacGillivray, Early Cycladic otteryromMt. Kynthosn Delos
(Edinburgh,
1979)
Marinatos and Hirmer
S. Marinatos and
M.
Hirmer,
Crete nd
Mycenae London, i960)
Mat.
$i
Cercetari
Materiale
i
Cercetari
rheologice
Maxwell-Hyslop,
Western .R.
Maxwell-Hyslop,
Western siatic
ewellery
.
3000-612
B.C.
(Lon-
Asiatic
Jewellery
don,
1971)
Megiddo
R.S.
Lamon and
G.M.
Shipton,
Megiddo
:
Seasons
f g2j-ig34,
Strata
I-V{O.l.?. xlii)
Chicago, 1939)
Megiddo
i G.
Loud,
Megiddo
i:
Seasons
figjj-jg (O.I.
P.
lxii)
(Chicago, 1948)
Mellaart,
atal
Hyk
J.
Mellaart,
atal
Hyik:
Neolithic
ownn Anatolia
London, 1967)
Mellaart,
Neolithic ear
J.
Mellaart,
The
Neolithic
f
the
Near
East
(London, 1975)
East
Mersin J. Garstang,Prehistoric ersin Oxford, 1953)
Milojcic,
Ergebnisse
V.
Milojcic, 'Ergebnisse
der deutschen
Ausgrabungen
in
Thessalien
^S-^) JRGZMainzv (1959) l~b^
Mochlos
R.B.
Seager,
Explorations
n the
sland
of
Mochlos
Boston
and
New
York,
1912)
Mylonas,
Circle G.E.
Mylonas,
'O
raiKs
vkXos
rv
Mvktjvcjv
,
ii
(Athens, 1972,
1973)
Myrtos
P.
Warren,
Myrtos,
n
Early
Bronze
Age
Settlementn Crete
British
School of
Archaeology
at
Athens,
Supplementary
Vol.
7) (Oxford,
1972)
Nea
Makri
D.R.
Theochares,
'Nea Makri: eine
grosse
neolithische
Siedlung
in
der
Nhe von
Marathon',
AM
lxxi
(1956) 1-29
Nea Nikomedeia RJ. Rodden, 'Excavations at theEarly Neolithic Site at Nea Niko-
medeia,
Greek
Macedonia',
PPS
xxviii
1962) 267-288
Nemea
C.W.
Biegen,
'Neolithic Remains
at
Nemea',
Hesperia
xliv
(1975)
251-279
NMA
National
Museum
in
Athens
Olynthus
G.E.
Mylonas,
Excavations t
Olynthus
:
the
Neolithic
ettlement
Balti-
more,
London, Oxford,
1929)
Orchomenos
i
E.
Kunze,
Orchomenosi: Die
neolithische
eramik
Munich,
1931)
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xvi
ABBREVIATIONS
Orchomenos
ii
E.
Kunze,
Orchomenos
ii: Die Keramik er
rhen
ronzezeit
Munich,
1934)
Otzaki-magula
J.
Milojcic-v.
Zumbusch and
V.
Milojcic,
Die
deutschen
usgrabungen
aufderOtzaki-magulan Thessalien: Dasfrhe eolithikumBonn, 1971)
Palaikastro
R.C.
Bosanquet
and
R.M.
Dawkins,
The
Unpublished
bjects
rom
he
Palaikastro
Excavations
go2-igo6
Part
1
(British
School
at
Athens,
Supplementary
Paper
1) (London,
1923)
PB
A
Proceedings
f
the ritish
cademy
Pendlebury,
AC
J.D.S.
Pendlebury,
The
Archaeology
f
Crete:
An ntroduction
London,
1939)
Perachora
i
H.G.G.
Payne,
Perachora
i
(Oxford,
1962)
Perate
,
ii,
iii
S.E.
Iakovidis,
IJepaTTj:
o
NKporaov
-iii
(Athens, 1969,
1970)
Ptrie,
Corpus
W.M.F.
Ptrie,
Corpus
f
Prehistoric
ottery
ndPalettes
London,
1
2
1
Ptrie,
Tools and
W.M.F.
Ptrie,
Tools and
WeaponsLondon, 191
7)
Weapons
Phelps, Thesis W.W. Phelps, TheNeolithic otteryequencen SouthernreeceLondon
Ph.D.
Thesis,
1975)
Phylakopi
Excavations
t
Phylakopi
n
Melos
(The Society
for the Promotion
of
Hellenic
Studies,
Supplementary
Paper
No.
4) (London,
1904)
Piggott,
Neolithic
ultures
S.
Piggott,
The
Neolithic
ultures
f
the
ritishsles
(Cambridge,
1954)
PM
i-iv
AJ.
Evans,
The Palace
of
Minos at
Knossos -iv
(London,
1921-35)
PMac
W.A.
Heurtley,
Prehistoric
acedonia
Cambridge
U.P.,
1939)
PNestor
C.W.
Biegen
and
Marion
Rawson,
The
Palace
of
Nestor
t
Pylos
n
WesternMessenia
:
The
Buildings
nd their
ontents
Princeton
U.P.,
1966)
Poliochni
,
ii
L.
Bernab-Brea,
Poliochni: itta
reistorica
elV
soladi Lemnos
,
i
i,
2:
ii
i
and 2
(Rome, 1964, 1976)PPS Proceedingsfthe rehistoric
ociety
Prhistoire
ranaise
i
La
Prhistoire
ranaise
i: Les
Civilisations
olithiques
t
rotohistoriques
e
la France
d. J.
Guilaine) (Publis
l'occasion
du
IXe
Congrs
de
l'U.I.S.P.P.,
Nice,
1976) (Paris,
1976)
Prosymna
C.W.
Biegen, Prosymna:
he
Helladic settlement
receding
he
Argive
er-
aeum
,
ii
(Cambridge
U.P.,
1937)
Protesilaos
R.
Demangel,
Fouilles
du
Corpsd'Occupation ranais
de
Constantinople
excutese
1920
a
1923
:
Le
Tumulus itde
Protesilaos
Paris, 1926)
PThess
AJ.B.
Wace and M.S.
Thompson,
Prehistoric
hessaly Cambridge
U.P.,
1912)
Renfrew,
mergence
C.
Renfrew,
The
Emergencef
Civilization
London, 1972)
Saliagos
J.D.
Evans
and
C.
Renfrew,
Excavations t
Saliagos
near
Antiparos(BritishSchool ofArchaeology at Athens, SupplementaryVol. 5)
(London,
1968)
Samos
V.
Milojcic,
Samos
i:
Die Prhistorische
iedlung
unter em Heraion:
Grabung
953
und
5155Bonn,
1961)
Samosxiv
Renate
Tlle-Kastenbein,
Samosxiv: Das
Kastro
Tigani
Bonn,
1974)
SCE
The
Swedish
yprus xpedition
-
v
(Stockholm,
1934-72)
Schachermeyr,
ltesten F.
Schachermeyr,
Die
ltesten ulturen riechenlands
Stuttgart,
1955)
Kulturen
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ABBREVIATIONS
xvii
Schachermeyr,
ie
myk.
F.
Schachermeyr,
ie
agaische
fhzeit
i: Die
mykenische
eit Vienna,
Zeit
1976)
Schliemann,
roja
H.
Schliemann,
roja London,
1884)
Schliemann, royudits H. Schliemann, roynd tsRemainsLondon, 1875)
Remains
Servia Cressida
Ridley
and
K.A.
Wardle,
Rescue
Excavations t Servia
1971-1973:
A
Preliminary
eport',
BSA
lxxiv
1979) 185-230
Sotira
P.
Dikaios,
otira
Philadelphia,
961)
SS H.
Schmidt,
.
Schliemann'
Sammlungrojanischer
ltertmer
Berlin,
1902)
Sukas
ii
PJ.
Riis and H.
Thrane,
ukas ii:
The
Neolithic
eriods
Copenhagen,
1974)
Sulimirski,
rehistoric
T.
Sulimirski,
rehistoricussia
London,
1970)
Russia
TAD
Turk
rkeolojiergisi
Tarsusi H. Goldman, xcavationstG'zl ule,TarsusPrinceton .P., 1956)
Teleilat
hassul
A.
Mallon,
R.
Koeppel
and
R.
Neuville,
Teleilat hassuL
ompte
endu
des
ouilles
e
V
nstitut
iblique
ontifical1929- 932 Rome, 1934)
Theochares,
uge
D.R.
Theochares,
H
avyrj tjs
eooaLKrjlpoaropias
Volos,
1967)
Theochares,
eolithic
D.R.
Theochares,
Neolithic
reece
Athens:
National
Bank
of
Greece,
Greece
1973)
Thera-vii
S.
Marinatos,
xcavationst Thera
-vii
Athens,
968-73)
Thermi W.
Lamb,
Excavationst Thermi
n
Lesbos
Cambridge
U.P.,
1936)
Thorikosii
H.F.
Mussche,
Thorikos
965:
Rapport
rliminaire
ur
a
troisime
am-
pagne
e
Fouilles
Bruxelles,
967)
Tigoni
'Vorgeschichtliches
n
der
Stadt
Samos',
AM
lx/lxi
1935/36)
1
12-200: Fundtatsachen'
y
W.
Wrede
1 12-24);
Die Funde'
by
R.
Heidenreich125-83); 'Nachtrge' yW. Buttler184-200)
Troy
-iv
C.W.
Biegen
nd
others,
roy
-iv
(Princeton
.P.,
1950-58)
Tul
W.
Drpfeld,
roja
und lion
,
i
(Athens,
902)
Ucko,
Figurines
PJ.
Ucko,
Anthropomorphicigurines
London,
1968)
Ugaritica
v
C.F.A.
Schaeffer,
garitica
v
(Paris,1962)
Ur
i
CL.
Woolley,
Ur
Excavationsi:
The
Royal
emeteryLondon,
1933)
Valmin,
ME
M.N.
Valmin,
The
wedish
essenia
xpeditionLund
etc.,
1938)
Vermeule,
B
A
E.
Vermeule,
Greece
nthe
ronze
ge Chicago, 1954)
Vinca
-iv
M.
M.
Vasic,
Preistoriskainia
-iv
(Belgrade, 932-36)
Vitelli
1977
Karen D.
Vitelli,
Neolithic
Potter's
Marks
fromLerna
and the
Franchthi
ave',
Journalf
he
Walters rt
Gallery
xxvi
1977)
1
-30
Vrokastro
E.H.
Hall,
ExcavationsnEastern rete:
Vrokastro
University
fPenn-
sylvaniaMuseumAnthropologicalublicationsII No. 3) (Phila-
delphia,1914)
VTM
S.
Xanthoudides,
he
Vaulted
ombs
f
Mesara:
n
account
f
ome
arly
cemeteries
f
outhernrete
London,
1924)
Wace,
Chamber
ombs
A.J.B.
Wace,
'Chamber
Tombs at
Mycenae',
Archaeologia
xxxii
(1932) 1-242
Wace,
Mycenae
A.J.B.
Wace,
Mycenae:
n
archaeological
istory
nd
guide
Princeton
U.P.,
1949)
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Notes
The
materialfrom
ther
prehistoric
ites
n
Chios
apart
from
Ayio
Gala and
Emporio
s
numbered
-
15.
That from
Ayio
Gala
is numbered
AG
1-390.
The
pottery
rom
mporio
s
numbered
1-3000,
nd the ther inds rom
mporio part
from
ottery
ave been
given
heir
own series
fnumbers
CLAY 1-41;
WHORLS
1-56;
STONE
1-54;
METAL
1-19;
BONE,
SHELL,
AMBER and FAIENCE
1-68).
Chipped
tone
ools re
only
numbered
f
llustrated,
with
eparate
eries fnumbers or nes from
mporio
nd ones
from
yio
Gala.
Where sherd
r other
bject
whichhas no serialnumber s llustratedn
a plate with
number
eferring
o t
n
the
ext,
he
ounting
s
n
horizontal ows romeft o
right
eginning
t
the op eft.
All
measurements
f
pottery
nd other
inds re
given
n
centimetres,
nless therwisetated.
For the
Mycenaean
pottery
he term
Mycenaean (Myc.)
used
by
Furumarkhas been
adopted
n
preference
o Late
Helladic
L.H.).
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3.
AREA A. PERIOD
III
427
v.
Period
III
GENERAL
The
material
ssigned
o this
eriod
nAreaA came from he
retaining
alls
53
and
54
and the
fill f tones
umped
n
the uins f hePeriod
V
houses ehind hem
n
order o make
terrace
or
platform
t a
higher
evel round he well. t looks s
if
this
platform
nd
the terracewalls
supporting
t werebuiltmore r ess
mmediately
fter hePeriod
V
destruction,
ithout
ny
appreciable
nterval f ime
uring
which he itewas deserted. ome of he
pottery
rom he
ill
of
stones,
ncluding
fewmore or less
restorable
ases,
clearlybelonged
to the Period V
destructioneveland has been
incorporated
ith he material f V- IV. At the same time
certain
mount f
pottery
ndistinguishable
rom hat
ound
n
evels f
Period
I
was
recovered
from he
upper part
of the stone
fill,
whichwas
evidently
ontaminated
o some extentwith
material fPeriod
I
or ater.
SHAPES
(a)
bowls
4. Open
bowlswith
traight
r
lightlyurving
ides
1367 (fig.
195)
1367. (IV/III
Q,2i, by
wall
22)
Rim.
Grey-brown;
ery
ine urnish.
5. Open
bowlswith
urving
ides
1
68-1 372
(fig. 195)
1368.
(Ill
G
19) (plate 70)
Rim
with
arge
circular
warton
outside.
Hard
fabric;
urface
rey-brown
o reddish
around
rim,
urnished.
ossibly stray
f
Period I.
1369.
(Ill
G
19)
Rim
with
tump
f ide
handleon
outside.
Roughly
made;
rather
oft
abric;
urface
rey-brown,
burnished.
1 70. (Ill G 19)Rimwith rumpetugasfig.191 class3 a, risingbove t.Possiblyrom owlof ype . Soft abric;
surface
rey-brown,
urnished.
1
7
1.
(Ill
R
wall
54)
Rim.
Greyish
rown
lay;
surface hadesof
dark
nd'light
rown
o
reddish, urnished,
ut
very
much
pitted
nd
somewhat rackled.
1
72.
(IHR
wall
54)
Rim,
with
olid
upturned
quare-ended
ug-
wart n
outside. oft
rey lay;
urface
ight
rown,
burnished ut worn.
6. Bowls with
nward-leaning
ims
374-1376 (fig.
195)
1374.
(Ill G/H
?i9)
Rim
with
arge
circular
wart n
outside.
hades ofdark
to>
ight
rown;
ine urnish.
1375. (Ill
G
19)
Rim
with
ncipient
ead. Dark
grey
lay, ight
brown
t
edges,
with
fine
grit;
urface
with
burnished
ed wash nside
nd out.
Cf.
Troy fig.
64:
7,
shape
A
16.
Troy
.
1376. (Ill
R wall
54)
Rim.
Lightish
rown;
ine
urnish.
7 Bowlswithnward-leaningims ndhighhoulders 77- 1 79 (fig 195)
The rims
llustrated,
wo f
hem rom
he
make-up
fwall
53,
may
well
be ofV-IV
date. Such
rims re
n
effect
ounded
ersions
f he
arinated ims
f
ype
bowls,
nd
they
refound
n
the
more
r ess
ontemporary
orizon f
Troy (cf.
Troy
fig.
64:
2,
and bid.
62 for he
difficulty
f
distinguishing
etween
hapes
A
16
(our
types
and
7)
and
A
12
(our
type )).
1377. (Ill G/H
Pig) Grey-brown,
urnished.
1378. (Ill
R
wall
53)
Hard
fabric;
urface
ightish
rey,
urnished.
1379. (Ill
Qwall 53)
Purplish rey-brown,
urnished.
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fig.
195.
Period II. Bowls.
cale
1/3.
428
III.
EMPORIO
9.
Cannateci
owls
380- 1384 (fig. 195)
A.
Rims at
open angles
1380. (Ill G 19)Darkgrey o blackclay, ight rown tedges,with rey ndwhite rit; urface hades f ight nd
dark
red-brown,
urnished.
1
8
1.
(Ill
Q,
stonefill ehind
wall
53)
Dark
grey
o
black
clay,
ight
rown t
edges,
with
grit
somevery
arge)
including
much
white;
urface ark
greyish
rown,
urnished.
J|r
1371
J^
*
?
h
't j
~
-
%i
~
fk Hk^
'
'jT
1379
1378 1377
^
/ HD Mi
~
^
34
26
20
22?
14
1380
1381
Jf
1384
1386^^
1387
^390
1389
^88
c25
38+?
L
y/
15
>2
JO
10
WJ JMf
1385 1391 ^1392 1393 1394
1383
^1382
/^""""A ^7^T^^'?
1408
1410
1411
D.
Short
bevelled
rims
1
82.
(Ill Qstone
fill etweenwalls
53
and
54)
Grey-brown
o
reddish,
urnished. nother imilar rom
II
Qstone
fill
ehind
wall
53. Probably
oth
trays
f
Period I.
Handles
and
lugs
1
83.
(Ill
Qstone
fill etween
walls
3
and
54)
Rim
with
tump
f
idehandle.
Grey-brown,
urnished.
hree thers
similar
rom
evels f
II in
Qj
burnished urfaces
rey-brown,
rown
o
black,
ight
rown
nd reddish.
1384.
(Ill
Qwall
53)
Rim
with
hornedwart et belowcarination.
lack,
burnished.
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3.
AREA A. PERIOD
III
429
io.
Bowls
with hort
S-shaped,
sually
hickenedlub-like
ims
385
(fig.
195)
Two rims romevels f
II
were
ssignable
o this
ype:
both
ppear
to be earlier
trays;
ne,
with trumpetug,resembled ims fPeriodVI, but theother 1385)was anomalous.
1
85. (Ill
Qstone
fill ehind
wall
53) Angle
not ertain. ark
grey
o
black
lay;
urface
ark
brown,
urnished ut
muchworn.
1
2
Bowlswith
traight
ims,
hickenednd
usually ifferentiated
n he
nside
86-
1
87 (fig.
i
95)
1386.
(Ill
G
19)
Rim. Soft
abric;
lay
with bundant traw nd
grit
some
very arge, ncluding
ed and
white);
surface
itted,
rey-brown
ith reddish
inge,
urnished.
robably
f Periods
V-IV.
1387. (Ill
Qstone
fill ehind
wall
53)
Rim. Brownish
rey lay;
surface
reyish
rown,
urnished
ut worn.
13.
Bowls
with
utward-curving
ims
internallyifferentiated
nd hickened
388-1390 (fig. 195)
As
n
V-IV thefinest urnished
urfacesended o occur n bowls f his nd
the llied
type
4.
Incised
decoration,
onsisting
f
zigzag
ine,
ppeared
round he nside fone small
rim.
1388.
(Ill
G
19)
Rim.
Coarse
fabric;
nside urface
ight
rown,
utsidewith red
wash,
burnished.
1389.
(Ill
H
18)
Rim.
Surface
with red
wash,
burnished ut worn.
Possibly
f
Periods
V-IV.
1390.
(Ill
Q
stone
ill etween
walls
53
and
54)
Rim.
Grey-brown; igh
polish-like
urnish.
1
.
Bowls
with
utward-curving
ims,
ot
nternallyifferentiated
39
1 1
93 (fig.
i
95
1
9
1
(Ill
G
19)
Rim.
Sandyorange lay,dusky
t
core,
with ine
rit,ncluding
hite,
rey,
nd
red;
urfacemuch
worn,
ut traces
f thick ed wash nside nd out.
Possibly stray
f Period
I
or ater.
1392. (Ill
R wall
53)
Rim. Soft
abric;
urface
rey-brown;
ine urnish.
1393. (Ill Q,
stonefill ehindwall
53)
Rim.
Grey-brown
ith reddish
inge,
well burnished.
15.
Carinated owlswith
utward-spreading
ims
94 (fig.
i
95)
1394. Ill Qstone
fill ehind
all
53)
Rim
f.
ype
5A.
Grey-brown,
urnished.
(b) jugs
i
39
a
(fig. 196)
Fragments
f
ugs
with
ridges
down the throat ike
1
75 may
all
be
strays
fPeriod
II. The
scrap
1
9
1A
is unusual
in
having
a
row
of
fingernail
mpressions long
the
top
ofthe
rim
ike
1
30
from
a Period
II
type
5
bowl.
1
91
A.
(Ill
G
19)
Rim
with
ingernailmpressions
long
lattened
op.
Black;
ine urnish.
For imilar
inger-impressions
nd
parallels,
eeunder
430.
(c)
JARS
92-1
407
(FIG.
196)
(1)
Rims
of
class
A
undifferentiated
rom
he est
f
the
ody
RimsofclassA I
1392A.
(Ill
Qstone
fill ehindwall
53)
Withvertical andle.
Grey lay
with
rit,
ome
huge;
urface
ight
eddish
brown;
oor
stroke urnish.
ragment
f nother
imilar,
ut
arger.
Rimsofclass
A
II
1393A. (Ill
G
19)
Coarse
cooking
ot type
ware;
surface eddish
urple
o
black,
burnished.
1394A. (IV/III Q21, by
wall
22)
Cooking ot type
ware;
dark
grey lay;
urfacewith
wash,
red
nside,
urplish
red-brown
utside;
oor
burnish.
1395. (IV/III Q2
1,
by
wall
22)
Dark
grey lay;
surface ark
grey
o
black,
burnished.
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fig. 196.Period II. Jugs, ars etc.Scale 1/3.
430
III.
EMPORIO
3?
24
ct6
14?
14
662
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,669
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-664
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by
4
16_jfc
22
16'
by
4
c22
c
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456
III. EMPORIO
A
few id
fragments
1693-6)
had some
kind frib
r
flange
round he
opedge,
nd
might
have come from idsof
type
4.
(1) Type60. Flat lids
1
48-1
5
1.
(II,
levels
below
6)
Rims. Diam. c.
15. Mostly
f oarse
cooking
ot type
ware with
poor
burnish.
1652. (II
Q,
7)
Rim
with
wart
on
it.
Light
brown;
poor
burnish.Others
similar;
ooking
pot
ware;
surfaces
unburnished.
1653. 1654. II,
levelsbelow
6) (plate 83)
Rims with
grooves
oundoutside
dge. Light
brown,
urnished.
1655.
(II
Q,no
evel) plate 83)
Rim with entral
wart,
nd oval wart n
edge.Cooking
ot
ware;
urface
hades f
brown nd
dusky,
nburnished.
1656.
(II
Q,7)
(plate
84)
Small id. Part
missing.
iam.
6.5.
One side bent
upwards,
withhole made
through
t
before
iring.
nder surface
ark
grey, ough;
upper
urface hades of brown o
black,
burnished.
ncised
decoration,
illedwithwhite.
1657. (II
X
15-13,
7) (plate 86)
Part of small
id.
Upper
surface hades of dark and
light
brown o
reddish,
burnished,
ith ncised
ecoration;
nder urface
ough.
Fragments
f four ther mall
flat ids with nciseddecorationwere recovered
rom evels
below6.
(2)
Type
3.
Covers
withhandles
r
ugs
on
top
1658.
(II 15-13,
7,
and
Q,6/5)
fig. 199)Fragment
f
arge
over.
Grey
lay;
nside urface
rey
with
ough
troke
burnish;
utside
ark
purplish
rown
nd black
hading
o
reddish,
ith
high
olish.
old
ncised
ecoration;
traces
f
white
ill.
1659.
(II
Q,
15)
(plate
84)
Cover.
About
half
preserved.
iam. 10.
Ht.
4. Grey lay;
surface
ark
brown.
nside
rough,
without
urnish,
ut
thickly
oated
with
rimson
matt
paint
which eems
deliberately
pplied
not
rernains
f
ontents);
utside
with ncised
ecoration
traces
f
white
ill)
ombined
with eserved
reas
free f
burnish.
1660.
(II Q,5)
Fragment
f
arge
cover
with
perforated
ug.
Surface
rown,
urnished
nside
nd out.
1 6
1
(II
0,6/5)
Rim of over
with
erforated
ug.
Surface
ight
eddish
rown;
oor
burnish
nside
ndout.
Several
others
imilar
rom
arious
evels f
I;
surfaces
hades
f
grey-brown
nd
red,
burnished;
mostly
ithncised
decoration.
1 62. (II Q,6/5)Fragmentf arge overwith erforatedornedug.Surfacewith redwash, nburnished.nother
similar
II Q,
14);
red surface
with
poor
burnish.
1663.
(II
Q,
7) Fragments
f
three
or more
covers,
f.
1302
of
Period
IV. Two
with outside
surfaces
ark
purple-brown;
ighpolish;
ncised ecoration
illed
withwhite.
One
grey-brown,
urnished.
1664. (II
0,6/5)
Fragment
f
arge
cover
with olid
horned
ug.
Surface
ight
rown;
ine
urnish.
everal
others
similar rom
ariousevels
f
I;
mostly
arge,
ut
one at east
mall;
urfaces
hades
f
rey-brown,
ight
rown,
and
red,
usually
well burnished.
1665. (II Q,7)
Fragment
f
arge
cover
with
ncipient
olid horned
ug,
which
s
n
effect
crude
version
f
1664.
Surface
rey-brown,
ough
nd unburnished.
hree or
four thers
imilar
romevels
below
6;
surfaces
ight
brown
r
with red
wash;
poor
burnish
r none
at
all.
1666.
(II
Q,7)
Fragment
fcover
with olid
ug,
cf.
1299
of
Period
V/IV. Grey-brown;
ine urnish.
hree
others
similar rom
evelsbelow
6;
surfaces
hades
of
ight
nd
dark brown
with
poor
burnish.
1667.
(II
X
5) (plate 87) Large
solid
ug
with
ounded
op.
Dark brown
o
reddish,
urnished.
1668.
(II Q,6/5)
Large
solid
triangular
ug. Light
brown
o
black,
burnished.
1
69. (II Q,6/5)
As 1 68. Surface
with red
wash,
nburnished.
ther
olid
ugs
imilar o
1
67-9
from
arious
evels
of I appearto comefromargecovers.
(3)
Fragments
f
arge
over
ids
of
type
3
with
ncised
ecoration
plate 87)
These nclude
ragments
rom
he
ops
f uch
ids
1
7
1-3)
as well
s
sides
nd
rims
1
74-82)
The
incisions n
1671-2,
1674-5
and
1683,
have
traces f
white
ill.
All
come
from
I
(6/5,
except
1670-1,
1678,
1680,
1682
which
re
from
I
Q7,
and
1683 see
below).
1670.
Horned
ug
with
ingle erforation.
utside
dark
to
ight
rown,
urnished;
nside
ough.
1
7
1.
Light
brown,
urnished
nside nd out.
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3.
AREA A.
PERIOD
II
457
1672.
Outsidered-browno
black,burnished;
nside
ough.
1673, 1674.
Outsides
hadesof
ight
nd dark
brown, urnished;
nsides
ough.
1675, 1676.
Outsides ark
brown o
black,
burnished;
nsides
ough.
1677. Outsidedarkpurplish rown, urnished;nside ough.
1678.
Outside
ight
rown,
nside
grey-brown,
urnished.
1679.
Outside
ight
rown, urnished;
nside
ough.
1680. Outside
grey-brown,
urnished;
nside
ough.
1
8 1.
Light
brown,
urnishednside
nd out.
1682. Outsidebrown o
black,burnished;
nside esswell burnished.
1683. (II
X
15-13,7;Q,7
and
6/5;
X
5)
Three
fragments
rom
op
nd sides f ame
cover;
olidhorned
ug.
Outside
reddish o dark
purple-brown
nd
black,
burnished;
nside esswell
burnished.
(4)
Fragments f
small cover ids
of
type
3
with
ncised
decoration
plate
86)
The smallflat-
opped
knobon
1685
appears
to
come from he
centre
f lid. The
fragments
1686-7
have
horned,
hile
1688-9
nd
1
90-1
have
imple erforatedugs.
Outside urfaces
re
all
burnished,
ut nsides re
rough
nd
unburnished.
he incised
decoration
mostly
etains
traces fwhite ill.
1684. (II
Q7) Light
brown;
ery
ine urnish.
1685.
(II
0,5)
Grey-brown
o
black,
burnished.
1686.
(II
Q,7)
Purple
grey-brown
o
reddish,
urnished.
1687. (II
0,7)
Brown o black
and
deep purplish; ery
ine
urnish.
1688.
(II
R
8)
Grey-brown;
urfacemuchworn.
1689. (II
Q6/5) Grey-brown
o
deep purple
nd
reddish,
urnished.
1690.
1
9
1.
(II
X
5) Grey-brown,
urnished.
(5)
Miscellaneous
1692.
(II
Q7) Fragment
f idwith
tump
f
entral
andle nd ow
horned
wart. oft
abric;
urface
ith
red
wash;
insidewith ine
urnish,
utside esswell
burnished.
wo other id
fragments
ith imilar
warts;
urfaces
ight
reddish,
with
poor
burnish r none
at all.
1693. (II Q 14) Fragment f arge idwithraisedrib roundtopoutside dge.Coarsegrey lay,orange t edges;
surfacewith
wash;
outside
ight
urple-brown
ith
races f
burnish;
nside
darker,
nburnished.
1694. (II
Q,7, 6/5)
Two
fragments
f
arge
id with
rib;
bold
incised
ecoration n
top.
Coarse
grey-brown
lay;
surfacewith
wash,
ight
rown
o
red,
pparently
ith
poor
burnish,
ut worn.
1695. (II
Q,
14)
Rim
of
arge
id.
Coarse dark
grey lay;
urface ith
wash,
range
o
reddish;
uperficial
urnish
inside nd out.
1696. (II
R
8)
Rim
of
arge
id.
Surfacewith
wash;
outside
ed,
nside
purple-brown,
nburnished.
(i)
HANDLES
AND
LUGS
(1)
Bowls
1
97-1707 (fig.
206)
Handles.
As
in
Periods
V- IV
some
types
of bowl
were
provided
with
handles,
either
horizontal,
r ess
commonly
ertical.
(a)
Vertical.
About dozen
fragments
fbowls
with ertical
andleswere
recognised
rom
levels f I. Someof hese owlswere
vidently
arge
of
ypes
or1 where he
hapes
ouldbe
identified;
ut otherswere mall
and
classifiable s
dipper ups
of
type
16.
The
handleswere
either eton the
outside f hebowl as
in
the ase
of
1566
of
ype
6,
or
were
placed
clasping
t
from he
nside nd outside
e.g.
1537-8
of
type13,
and
1567
of
type
16).
The
massive
tump
projecting
rom
elow he
rim
1437
of
ype
appears
o be
part
f ome
kind
f
vertical
andle.
(b)
Horizontal. owls f ertain
ypes, otably
hose fthe
ommon
ype
,
were
regularly
provided
with
ide
handles,
sually
t
eemswith
nly
ne,
but
ometimes o
doubtwith
wo et
opposite
ach
other
e.g. 1500).
n
at
east wo
nstances
on
bowls f
ypes
and
9
from
level
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458
III.
EMPORIO
7)
a
couple
of handles
appeared
to have
been
placed
together
ide
by
side. These side
handles
often ose at
a
steep
angle
above the
evel ofthe
rim.
They
were
n
general
ofthe
simple
rounded
shape
as
fig.
107
no.
1;
but
pointed
(2)
and
ogival
(3)
handles
also occurred. Some
forty-five
handles of thepointedorogival shape (fig. 107nos. 2, 3) were countedfrom evels of I; nicked
and
horned handles
as
fig.
107
nos.
4
and
5
seem
to have been
unusual, however,
nd
only
about
a dozen were
recognised
in
all.
A
number
of the
ogival
handles were remarkable
for their
elegance (e.g. 1699,
1
700)
Side handles
from owls
were
normally
ircular
n
section s
fig.
190
no.
1;
but some of
the finest f
all
shapes
were
triangular
fig. 190
no.
2)
or
rectangular
3),
and
one from level below
6 was hollow
on
the outside as fig.
190
no.
4.
Lug-handles.
haracteristic
of this
horizon,
although
not common
and
confined t seems to
bowls of
types
13
and
14,
were
triangular
or
horned
lug-handles
with
large
circular holes
through
them
as
1540
(cf.
plate 88
(a)).
Similar
projections,
but
without
holes,
also occur
on
bowls of these
types
e.g.
1541).
Triangular projections
may
be
combined
with vertical
warts
(e.g. 1542oftype13; 1563oftype14); insomecases at anyrate thefragments ith these ppear
to come
from
ars
or
cooking pots.
Trumpetugs.
These occurred
th
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