Chios. Part II

8/10/2019 Chios. Part II

1/383

EXCAVATIONS IN CHIOS 1938-1955: PREHISTORIC EMPORIO AND AYIO GALA. VOLUME II

Author(s): SINCLAIR HOOD, JULIET CLUTTON-BROCK and PERRY G. BIALORSource: The British School at Athens. Supplementary Volumes, No. 16, EXCAVATIONS INCHIOS 1938-1955: PREHISTORIC EMPORIO AND AYIO GALA. VOLUME II (1982), pp. i-xix, 427-730Published by: British School at AthensStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40855996.

Accessed: 07/10/2014 10:39

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at.http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of

content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms

of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

British School at Athensis collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The British

School at Athens. Supplementary Volumes.

http://www.jstor.org
http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=bsahttp://www.jstor.org/stable/40855996?origin=JSTOR-pdfhttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/stable/40855996?origin=JSTOR-pdfhttp://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=bsa


2/383

EXCAVATIONSIN CHIOS

i938- 955

PREHISTORIC EMPORIO

AND

AYIO GALA

by

SINCLAIR HOOD

with

ontributions

y

JULIET

CLUTTON-BROCK

and

PERRY G.

BIALOR

Volume

I

SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME NO. l6

Published

y

THE BRITISH

SCHOOL

OF ARCHAEOLOGY

AT

ATHENS

THAMES AND HUDSON

1982

This content downloaded from 173.88.15.121 on Tue, 7 Oct 2014 10:39:05 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp


3/383

Sinclair ood

1982

ISBN

o

500

960186

Printed

n

Great

ritaint theAlden

ress,

xford



4/383

To the

Memory

f

Philip

Argenti,

itizen f

Chios,

nd

Benefactorf theexcavations t

Ayio

Gala

and

Emporio,

and to that f

George

Choremis,

riend

nd

Benefactorf

the

Emporio

xcavations,

and to the

many

ther

atriotic

hiotswho

oined

with

them o

help

finance

he

excavations t

Emporio,

and bytheir enerosity adetheworkpossible,

butwho wished heir

amesto remain

nknown



5/383

Contents

VOLUME II

page

Preface

vii

Acknowledgements

ix

Abbreviations

xi

Notes

xix

partiu,

emporio

(1952-1955) {continued)

3.

The

Pottery continued]

(2)

Neolithic

o

Early

Bronze

Age

Troy

I-II)

(continued)

(e) Pottery

rom

Area

A

(continued)

427

v. Period

III

427

vi. Period

II

432

vii. Period

I

(the

well)

469

viii.

Surface

471

(f)

Pottery

rom

Areas

B-F

47

x

i.

Area

B

471ii. Area C

512

iii. Area

D

527

iv. Area

E

531

v. Area

F

(including

Period

I)

533

vi.

Pottery ssignable

to Period

I

from ater and mixed levels

in

Areas

D

and

F

568

(3)

End

of

the

arly

Bronze

Age (Troy

III-V)

568

(4)

Middle

Bronze

Age (Troy

VI)

571

(5)

Prehistoric

ottery

rom

he rea

of

the

arly

Christian asilica hurch

578

(6)

Late

Bronze

Age

and

Mycenaean

ottery

579

(a)

General

579

(b) Types 581

(c)

Fabric

581

(d)

From he

emetery

Area

E) 582

(e)

From he

ettlement

Areas

D

and

F)

583

4.

Other Finds

623

(1) Clay objects 623

(2)

Whorls

635

(3)

Stone

bjects

643

(4)

Metal

objects 657



6/383

vi

CONTENTS

(5)

Tools and

other

bjects f

bone, hell,

mber nd

aience

665

5.

The

Animal

Bones

(by Juliet Clutton-Brock)

678

PART IV. THE CHIPPED STONE AND OBSIDIAN INDUSTRIES OF EMPORIO AND AYIO

GALA

699

1.

Introduction

699

2. The

Chipped

Stone

Assemblages

from

Emporio

and the Lower

Cave at

Ayio

Gala

(by

Perry

G.

Bialor)

699

(1)

Emporio

699

(2)

The LowerCave at

Ayio

Gala

708

(3)

Comparison

ith

Mykonos

ite

710

3.

The

Chipped

Stone

Assemblage

from he

Upper

Cave at

Ayio

Gala

71

1

PART

V. THE CHRONOLOGICAL

POSITION

OF EMPORIO

AND AYIO

GALA

IN THE

NEOLITHIC

AND EARLY BRONZE

AGE

715

1. Introduction 715

2.

Emporio

X-VIII

716

3.

Emporio

VII-VI

720

4.

Emporio

V-IV

723

5.

Emporio

II

724

6.

Emporio

I

724

7.

Conclusion

725

appendix a. Late

Mycenaean

Amber from

mporio (by

Curt W.

Beck and

Christopher

A.

Shustak)

727

appendix B.

Table

of

Late Bronze

Age

and

Mycenaean

types 730



7/383

Preface

These volumes

re

a

sequel

to

Greek

mporioyJohn

Boardman.

They

are concerned

with

he

excavations

t two

prehistoric

ites

t

opposite

ndsof

Chios,

t

Ayio

Gala

in

the

north,

where

the

ate MissEdith

Ecclesmade

oundings

n

a

pair

of aves

n 1

38,

nd at

Emporio

n

the outh

where directed

work or

heBritish chool

at Athens

rom

952

to

1955.

The

material

rom

yio

Gala is divisible

nto wo

hronological

roups:

n

earlier,

f

which

Dr.

Audrey

urness

Mrs.Ozanne)

has

alreadypublished

careful

tudy,

nd

a laterwhich

appears

to be

assignable

o the

beginning

f the

Early

Bronze

Age.

The

earliermaterial s

certainly

eolithic

n

Aegean

terms,

nd

has been

ssigned

y

Dr. Furness o

a

very arly hase

oftheAegeanNeolithic. hisassignationeems o me correct.

The

great

nterest

f

Emporio

s thestratified

equence

for he

early

prehistoric eriods

obtained

n the

mainArea

A of he xcavations.

he oldest

ccupation

evels f he itewerenot

reached

here,

ince

they ay

below

the

xisting

ater

able. The earliest

ottery

ecovered as

been lassified

y

ome f

hose

whohave een

t s Late Neolithic

n

Aegean

terms,

nd thatwas

my

wn

view

f t t

first. utfurther

tudy

f

hismaterial as convinced

me that t

belongs

o

a

much lder

horizon,

nd that

t

goes

back

n time efore he arliest

ccupation

t

Ayio

Gala. It

is therefore

believe

ssignable

o the

beginning

fthe

Early

Neolithic

n

Aegean

terms.

The

bulk f

he

prehistoric

aterial

ecoveredt

Emporio

elongs

othese

arly

eriods,

hat

is

in

Aegean

terms)

o

theNeolithic

nd the

beginning

fthe

Early

Bronze

Age.

This material

has been

divided

mong

en

Periods,

ased

upon

major

building

evelopments

n

Area

A. The

tenPeriods

all

ntofive

main

groups

which re marked

y

distinct

hanges

n

pottery

ashions.

The firstf thesegroups PeriodsX-VIII) seems ocover relatively arlyphaseof the

Aegean

Neolithic,

while

he atest

part

of

t

(Period

VIII)

can be correlated

with heearliest

known

hase

of ettled

ccupation

n

the

Troad

(Besjk

epe

and

Kum

Tepe

I

A)

The

pottery

f

the econd

roup

Periods

VII

VI)

is

closely

elated o that

fKum

Tepe

I B

in

theTroad. This

second

group

Periods

VII

VI)

appears

to

overlap

with

heend of the Middle

Neolithic nd

part

f he

Late Neolithic

n theGreekmainland.

he third

roup

onsisting

f

Periods

V

and

IV with

ottery

kinto that f he

Trojan region

eems o

fallwithin he arlier

art

of

Troy

.

The fourth

roup

Periods

II

II)

follows destruction

fthePeriod

V settlement

y

fire.

t

should

overlap

with he ater

tages

f

Troy

I

and

with he

beginning

f

Troy

II

before he

manufacture

fwheelmade

ases there. he

fifth

roup

Period )

with he

first

ppearance

of

wheelmade

ottery

t

Emporio

eems

o

correspond

ith late

stage

of

Troy

I.

The

pottery

f

Ayio

Gala and thatof the

early

periods

t

Emporio

vidently

eflect

uite

separate raditions.hepotteryrom he wo itess nfact o differenthat t shard oestablish

a

chronological elationship

etween

he two

equences.

The earliest

ottery

rom

yio

Gala,

however,

ppears

to

fall

within eriods

X VIII at

Emporio;

ut

occupation

ontinued

n

the

cavesthere

nto he ime f

Emporio

Periods

VII VI

and

perhaps

V-IV.

The

marked

ivergences

n

the

pottery

rom hese

wo ites t

opposite

nds

fChios eems

o

be the ffectf

ettlers

eaching

he sland

from

ifferent

egions

t

different

imes.

he

firsto

arrive stablished

hemselves

n

the

fertileouth f Chios

n

thearea of

Emporio.

They

made

vii



8/383

viii

PREFACE

dark-surfaced

ottery

istantly

elated o

thatof

theearliest orizonknown

n

Anatolia

e.g.

atal

Hyk)

nd

n

Syria from

muq

Phase

A

onwards)

These

mmigrantsrobably

ame

to

Chios

from he outh

r

south-east.

arlypottery

rom

aves

n

the

region

f

Antalya

n the

southern oastofTurkeyhasfeatureseminiscentfpotteryromhe owest evels eachedby

excavation

t

Emporio.

The

earliest

ottery

f

Ayio

Gala on

the ther and s

red-surfaced

nd

obviously

elated o

that

known

rom acilar

n

south-western

urkey.

imilar

ottery

ppears

to have been

noted

at

Morali

n

western

urkey

pposite

hios.

The

immigrants

hofirst

ccupied

henorth f

he

island

and

settled

n

the

region

f

Ayio

Gala

may

therefore

ave

reached

Chios

from ome

neighbouring

art

of

heTurkish

mainland.

The

later

stages

f the

Early

Bronze

Age,

the

period

of

Troy

III-V,

were

not

certainly

represented

t

Emporio

by

architectural

emains

r

deposits

n

the

areas

excavated. But

fragments

f

pottery

uggest

hat

here

was

continuity

f

occupation

t

the ite

hroughout

he

Early

nd into he

Middle

Bronze

Age

overlapping

ith

he

pening

hases

f

Troy

VI. A

little

imported rey

Minyan

ware nd

some f he

ocal

matt-painted

are

recoveredt

Emporiomay

be ofMiddleBronzeAgedate;butthedecoration fmuchofthematt-painted are seems o

reflect

retan

fashions fthe

arlier

art

oftheLate

Bronze

Age

(Late

Minoan

).

Therewas

some vidence

or

Mycenaean

ccupation

t

Emporio

s

early

s

Mycenaean

II

B. An

important

Mycenaean

settlement

ndoubtedly

xisted there

during

the

following

Mycenaean

II

C

period,

nd thiswas

finally

estroyed

r

abandoned

n

an

advanced

phase

of

Mycenaean

II

C.

A

number

f

complete

r

restorable

Mycenaean

II

C vaseswas

recovered

from his

horizon f

destructionr

abandonment.

These two

volumes f

Prehistoric

mporio

nd

Ayio

Gala

were

onceived s

one,

nd

the ine

of

division etween

hem s

arbitrary.

he

pages,

text

igures

nd

photo

plates,

s well as

the

pottery,

ave

therefore

een

given

onsecutive

umbers.

Volume

I

begins

with a

survey

f

prehistoric

ites

known

n

Chios,

and

describes he

excavations t

Ayio

Gala with he

pottery

nd other

inds

rom he

aves

there.

t

continues ith

a discussion f he elationshipetween he equence tAyioGala and that tEmporio, ollowed

by

an

account f

he xcavations t

Emporio,

with

report

n

the

pottery

f

he

arlier

eriods

from he main

Area

A

there.This

brings

he

story

f

Emporio

down

to the

point

where

he

settlementas

destroyed y

fire

owards he

beginning

fthe

Early

Bronze

Age

in

thetime f

Troy

.

Volume

I

continues ith

he

report

n the

pottery

rom

rea

A

and from ther

arts

f he

site

Areas

B-F)

at

Emporio.

t

includes

survey

fwhat

s known

bout

occupation

t

Emporio

in

the atest

hases

ofthe

Early

Bronze

Age

and in

the

Middle and

Late

Bronze

Ages

together

with

n

accountof

the

Mycenaean

pottery.

escriptions

f

other inds

part

from

ottery

re

followed

y

report

n

the nimal

bones rom

mporio

yJuliet

lutton-Brock,

nd one on

the

chipped

tone

ssemblages

rom

mporio

nd

Ayio

Gala

by

Perry

ialor.

Volume

I

ends

with

section nthe

hronological

osition

f

he

Chian

Neolithic nd

Early

Bronze

Age sequences

s

known rom he xcavations t Emporio ndAyioGala.



9/383

Acknowledgments

The

work fMiss Edith

Eccles at

Ayio

Gala

(1938)

was financed

y

the ate Dr.

Philip

Argenti

and

Mr.

Eumorfopoulos.

xcavations t

Emporio

1952-55)

were

made

possible

n

the first

instance

by

the

generosity

f an

anonymous

onor. Other

donors who wished to remain

anonymous

were

nspired

y

his

example

to

help

finance he excavations. and

the

other

members

f the excavation

party

would

like

to

oin

the Committee f the British chool of

Archaeology

t Athensn

expressing

ur

deepest

ratitude

o them ll forwhat

they

id.

We

are also most

eeply

rateful

o thatwise nd

good

citizen f

Chios,

he ate Mr.

George

.

Choremis,

ot

only

for is

generous

inancial

upport

fthe

Emporio

xcavations rom

ear

to

year, ut lso for is ctive nterestnthe esults, hich xtended o theproblem f he ventual

housing

fthe

finds

n a

worthy

manner. he finenew Museumwhichhas

sincebeen built

n

Chiostown

epresents

nobleconsummation

fhis

dreams.

The

soundings

t

Ayio

Gala were

made

in

1938 by

the

ate Miss Edith Eccles

with

the

assistance

f Miss

Lilian H.

Jeffery,

nd

Mr.

(now

Sir)

David Hunt. Illness

prevented

Miss

Eccles

from

eturning

o

Greeceafter

hewar

to

complete

er work n the

material,

nd she

kindly

nvited

me

to

undertake he

publication

f t

in

connectionwith the excavations t

Emporio

from

952

to

1955.

It is not

possible

o list

by

name

all

thosewho took

part

n

the

Emporio

xcavations;

ut

among

hosewho

were

n

charge

f renches

n

the

prehistoric

ector

were Miss

Mary

Williams

now

Mrs.

William

Elliott),

Miss Rachel Simmons

Mrs.

Sinclair

Hood),

Miss Colina

MacDougall,

Dr.

Michael

Ballance,

nd

Mr

James

Mellaart.

Our foreman

t

Emporio

was Mr. Ioannis

Theotokas,

hen

mayor

of the

neighbouring

village fPiryi,without revious xperiencef xcavationwork, uta man ofgreat haracter,

efficient

n

organisation,

oyal

nd shrewd.Mr.

George

aspis,

his

brother-in-law,

as outstand-

ing

among

the workmen.

Mr.

Michaeli Kokolis was

in

charge

of the

pot-washing.

ur

vase-mender

nd technician

as Mr. SteliosKatsarakis. ome of

the

pottery

rom he

Upper

Cave at

Ayio

Gala was mended

y

Mr.

Argyri

Marinis.

All

thosewho have worked n the

rchaeology

f Chios since heSecondWorldWarowe

much to the

help

and

friendly

nterest f the ocal

Epimelete

f

Antiquities,

Mr.

Antonios

Stephanou,

nd it is

a

pleasure

to record

our

indebtedness o

him in

connection

with

the

excavations

t

Emporio

wherehe was a

frequent

nd welcomevisitor.

We also

enjoyed

he

support

f the

Ephors

of

Antiquities

or he

region

which ncluded

Chios,

the ate Professor

Nicolas

Kontoleon,

nd Mr. A. Vavritsaswho

succeeded

him.

The earlier

urvey

work t

Emporio

was done

by

the ate Mr.David

Smollett,

ut thefinal

plans f he rea weremade nhis wnclear nduniquely trongnddistinctivetyle ythe ate

Dr.

Michael

Ventris,

ssisted

y

Mrs.

Betty

Ventris. he

pottery

asdrawn

by

Miss

Audrey

Petty

now

Mrs.

Spencer

Corbett),

Miss

Wendy

Biggar

Mrs.

Lardner-Dennys),

iss

Rachel

Simmons

Mrs.

Sinclair

Hood),

and Miss

ElizabethCrowfoot.

rawings

f he ther inds

ere

made

by

Miss

Petty Mrs. Corbett),

MissChristine

apieha

(Mrs.Freeman),

nd Miss

Deborah

Pawson

Mrs.

Ruscombe-King).

he

final

racings

fthe

pottery

re

mostly

hework f

Miss

ElizabethCrowfoot nd Mrs. Patricia

Clarke. Mrs. Clarke has

also labouredwith kill

nd

ix



10/383

x

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

patience

o make the

final

nk

drawings

f most fthetrench

lans

and sections.

he arduous

task f

typing

he exthas been

successfully

ompleted

y

Mrs. E.

T.

Templeton.

Miss

Olga

Krzyszkowska

as read

through

he accounts f bone

objects

nd made some

helpfuluggestionsnconnectionwith hem.Mrs.HelenHughes-Brockas kindly nswered

questions

nd

given

dvice nd

referencesbout

pindle

whorls nd

beads,

Dr. OliverDickinson

about

Minyan

ware and

ring

endants

metal

17).

I

am

grateful

o

Dr. David French

nd to

Dr. William

Phelps

for

ermission

o

cite

their

unpublished

octoral heses

odgedrespectively

n

the ibraries f heBritish

choolofArchae-

ology

n

Athens nd the

nstitute f

Archaeology

n

London.The thesis f

Dr.

Phelps epresents

an

important

ontribution

o

Aegean

Neolithic tudies.

am also

obliged

o

Mr.

J.

A. MacGilliv-

ray

for

llowing

me to refer

o his

unpublished

ccount of

pottery

rom he

Mt.

Kynthos

settlement

n

Delos,

available

n

the

ibrary

ftheLondon nstitute f

ClassicalStudies.



11/383

Abbreviations

The

following

bbreviations

are

used

in addition to

those current

n

BSA:

AAA

Athens

nnals

fArchaeology

AASyr

Annales

rchologiques

rabes

yriennes

Aberg,

Chronologie

v

N.

Aberg,

Bronzezeitliche

nd

Frheisenzeitliche

hronologie

v: Griechen-

land

Stockholm,

1933)

Abydos

W.M.F.

Ptrie,

Abydos

(London, 1902)

Achilleion

M.

Gimbutas,

Achilleion:

A

Neolithic

Mound

in

Thessaly;

Prelimin-

ary Reporton 1 73 and 1 74 Excavations',Journal fFieldArchaeology

i(i974)277-3O2

Alaca

1935

R.O.

Arik,

Les

ouilles

'Alaca

H'y'k:

apport

rliminaire

ur

estravaux

n

1935 Ankara,

1937)

Alaca

1936

H.Z.

Koay,

Ausgrabungen

onAlaca

H'y'k:

in

Vorberichtber ie .

.

im

Sommer

936

durchgefhrten

orschungen

nd

ntdeckungen

Ankara, 1944)

Alaca

1937-39

H.Z.Koay,

Les

fouilles

'Alaca

H'y'k:

apport

rliminaire

ur es

travaux

en

1937-1939

Ankara,

1951)

Alalakh

L.

Woolley,

Alalakh

Oxford,

1955)

Alishar

927

E.

F.

Schmidt,

The Alishar

H'y'k;

eason

f1927 (O.

I. P.

vi)

(Chicago

U.P.,

1930)

Alishar

927

i

H.H. von der

Osten and

E. F.

Schmidt,

The Alishar

H'y'k:

eason

f

1927 i (O.I. P. vii) (Chicago U.P., 1932)

Alishar

928-29

E. F.

Schmidt,

The Alishar

H'y'k.

easons

f

1928

nd

1929

part

(O.

I. P.

xix) (Chicago

U.

P.,

1932)

Alishar

930-32

,

ii,

iii H.H. von der

Osten,

The Alishar

H'y'k.

easons

f

1930-32

parts

i-iii

(O.I.

P.

xxviii-xxx)

(Chicago

U.P.,

1937)

Amiran,

APHL Ruth

Amiran,

Ancient

ottery

f

the

Holy

Land

(Jerusalem, 1969)

AntJ

The

Antiquaries

ournal

Anza

M. Gimbutas

(ed.),

Neolithic

Macedonia: As

reflectedy

Excavation t

Anza,

Southeast

ugoslaviaLos Angeles,

1976)

Arapi

H.

Hauptmann

and

V.

Milojcic,

Die FundederFrhen

imini-^eit

us

der

Arapi-magula

hessalien

Bonn, 1969)

AR . . .

Archaeological

eportsor

.

.,

published

by

the Council for he

Society

of Hellenic Studies and the Managing Committee of the British

School

at Athens

Arene andide

,

ii L.B.

Brea,

Gli Scavi nella

Caverna elleArene andide

Istituto

di

Studi

Liguri) (Bordighera,

1946, 1956)

Argissa

ii

E. Hanschmann and

V.

Milojcic,

Argissa-magula

ii:

Die

Frheund

Beginnende

ittlere

ronzezeit

Bonn,

1976)

AS

Anatolian

tudies

xi



12/383

xii

ABBREVIATIONS

Asea

EJ.

Holmberg,

The Swedish xcavations t Asea in Arcadia

Lund

and

Leipzig,

1944)

Asine

O. Frdin

and A.W.

Persson, Asine,

Results

f

the

wedish xcavations

ig22-igjo (Stockholm, 1938)

Aspripetra

D.

Levi,

'La Grotta di

Aspripetra

a

Coo',

Annuario

iii-ix

(1925-26

pub.

1929)

235-310

Athenian

gora

xiii S.A.

Immerwahr,

The Athenian

gora

iii The

Neolithic

nd

Bronze

Ages

(Princeton,

1971)

Ayia

Sofia

Magua

V.

Milojcic

and

others,

Magulen

umLarisa in Thessalien

g66 (Bonn,

^76)

Ayios

Kosmas

G.

Mylonas, Aghios

Kosmas,

n

Early

Bronze

Age

Settlementnd

Cemetery

in Attica

Princeton

U.P.,

1959)

Baden

Symposium

Symposium

ber ie

Enstehung

nd

Chronologie

erBadener

Kultur

Bratis-

lava: Slovak

Academy

of

Sciences,

1973)

Berciu,

Contributii

D.

Berciu,

Contributiia Problemele

eoliticului

nRomnia n

Lumina oilor

CercetariBucharest, 1961)

Beycesultan

,

ii S.

Lloyd

and

J.

Mellaart,

Beycesultan

: The Chalcolithicnd

Early

Bronze

Age

Levels

London, 1962);

ii: Middle

Bronze

Age

Architecturend

Pottery

(London,

1965)

BMA

E

J. Forsdyke,

Catalogue f

theGreek nd EtruscanVases

n the

British

Museum ol.

i

Part

1:

Prehistoric

egean ottery

London, 1925)

Boll. d'Arte Bollettino

'Arte

Branigan,

Aegean

K.

Branigan,

Aegean

Metalwork

f

the

Early

and Middle

Bronze

Age

Metalwork

(Oxford, 1974)

BRGK Bericht

erRmisch-Germanischenommission

Buchholz and

H.-G. Buchholz

and V.

Karageorghis,

Prehistoric

reecend

Cyprus:

n

Karageorghis archaeological

andbook

London,

1973)Burton-Brown1 70 ThirdMillenniumiffusion: Diffusionf deas Wootton,Oxford,1 70)

Byblos

M.

Dunand,

Fouillesde

Byblos

(Paris,

1973)

CAH3

Cambridge

ncient

istory

3rd edition)

Cape Gelidonya

G.F.

Bass,

Cape Gelidonya:

Bronze

AgeShipwreckPhiladelphia,

1967)

Catling,

Cypriot

H.W.

Catling, Cypriot

ronzework

n the

Mycenaean

World

Oxford,

Bronzework

l9^4)

Childe,

Danube

V.G.

Childe,

The Danube n

Prehistory

Oxford, 1929)

Childe,

Dawn

V.G.

Childe,

The Dawn

ofEuropean

ivilization

6th

edition) (London,

1957)

Childe,

New

Light

V.G.

Childe,

New

Light

n the

Most

Ancient ast

(London, 1952)

CMS

F. Matz

and H. Biesantz

(ed.), Corpus

er

Minoischen nd

Mykenischen

Siegel

-

(Berlin,

1964-

)

Corinthiii C.W. Biegen,H. Palmer, R.S. Young, Corinthiii TheNorth emetery

(Princeton, 1964)

Cos

L.

Morricone,

'Coo

-

Scavi e

Scoperte

nel

'Serraglio'

e

in

localit

minori

1935- 1943)',

Annuario

-li

(N.S.

xxxiv-xxxv)

(1972-73 pub.

1975) 139-396

Davis and

Cherry

J.L.

Davis and

J.F. Cherry,Papers

n

Cycladic

rehistory

University

f

California,

nstituteof

Archaeology, Monograph

xiv) (Los Angeles,

1979)



13/383

ABBREVIATIONS

xiii

Dchelette

i

J.

Dchelette,

Manuel

d'archologierhistorique,

eltique

t

gallo-romaine

(2nd edition)

i

(Paris, 1928)

Dlos

xi A.

Plassart,

Dlos

xi:

Les

sanctuairest es

cultes

u Mont

Cynthe

Paris,

1928)

DendraNT

A.W.

Persson,

New

Tombs at Dendra near

Midea

(Lund,

Leipzig,

London,

Oxford

U.P.,

1942)

Desborough,

LMS V.R. d'A.

Desborough,

The

Last

Mycenaeans

nd their

Successors

(Oxford, 1964)

Deshayes,

Les

Outils

,

ii

J. Deshayes,

Les

Outils

e

Bronze,

e

'

ndus u

Danube

,

ii

(Paris,

i960)

Drpfeld,

Alt-Ithaka W.

Drpfeld,

lt-Ithaka

,

ii

(Munich, 1927)

Doumas,

BurialHabits

Ch.

Doumas,

Early

Bronze

Age

Burial Habits n the

Cyclades S.I.M.A.

xlviii) (Gteborg, 1977)

DS

Ch.

Tsountas,

Ai

TrpooTopiKai/cpoTroettjjjltjvov

ai

ZoKov

(Athens, 1908)

Ehrich,

Chronologies

R.W. Ehrich

(ed.), Chronologies

n Old

World

ArchaeologyChicago

(1965) u.p.,1965)

Elateia S.S.

Weinberg,

Excavations at Prehistoric

Elateia,

1959',

Hesperia

xxxi

(1962) 158-209

Emery,

Archaic

gypt

W.B.

Emery,

Archaic

gypt

Harmondsworth,

1961)

Enkomi

i,

iii a

P.

Dikaios,

Enkomi,

Excavations

g48-igj8 (Mainz:

Philipp

von

Zabern,

1971, 1969)

ESA Eurasia

Septentrionalis

ntiqua

Eslick

1980

Christine

Eslick,

'Middle Chalcolithic

Pottery

from

Southwestern

Anatolia',

AJA

lxxxiv

1980) 5-14

Eutresis H.

Goldman,

Excavations t

Eutresis

n Boeotia

Harvard

U.P.,

Cam-

bridge,

Mass.,

1

31)

Festos

L.

Pernier,

//

alazzo

minoico i

Festos

:

Gli Strati

i

antichi il

primoPalazzo

(Rome, 1935)

FMP A.

Furumark,

The

Mycenaean ottery, nalysis

nd

ClassificationStock-

holm,

1

41)

French,

Pottery roups

D.H.

French,

Notes

on Prehistoric

ottery roups

rom

Central

Greece

(Athens, 1972)

French,

Thesis

D.H.

French,

Anatolia and the

Aegean

n the Third Millennium .C.

(Cambridge

Ph.D.

Thesis,

1968)

Gaul,

Neolithic

ulgaria

J.H.

Gaul,

The

Neolithic

eriod n

Bulgaria American

School ofPrehis-

toric Research

Bulletin

16)

(Cambridge,

Mass.,

1948)

Gawra

E. A.

Speiser,

Excavationst

Tepe

Gawra

Philadelphia,

1935)

Gawra

i

AJ.

Tobler,

Excavationst

Tepe

Gawra

Philadelphia,

1950)

Gazetteer19 7 9)

R.

Hope Simpson

and

O.T.P.K.

Dickinson,

A

Gazetteerf AegeanCivilisationn theBronze

Age

: The Mainland and slands

S.I.M.A. Iii)

(Gteborg,

1979)

Gimbutas,

Bronze

Age

M.

Gimbutas,

Bronze

Age

Culturesn Central

nd

Eastern

urope The

Cultures

Hague,

1965)

Gimbutas,

Prehistory

M.

Gimbutas,

The

Prehistory

f

Eastern

urope

Part 1:

Mesolithic,

eo-

lithic nd

CooperAge

Cultures

n Russia and

theBaltic

Area

(Peabody

Museum,

Harvard

University,

ulletin

No.

20) (Cambridge,

Mass.,

1956)



14/383

xiv

ABBREVIATIONS

Gonia

C.W.

Biegen,

'Gonia',

Metropolitan

useum tudies

ii

Part

i

(1930)

55-80

Gournia

H.

Boyd

Hawes and

others,

Gournia,

asiliki nd

other rehistoric

ites

n

the sthmusfHierapetraPhiladelphia, 1908)

Greek

mporio

J.

Boardman,

Excavations

n

Chios

1952-1955,

Greek

mporio

British

School of

Archaeology

at

Athens,

Supplementary

Vol.

6)

(London,

1967)

Hb$e$ti

V.

Dumitrescu,

Hb$e$ti

Bucharest,

1954)

Hacilar

,

ii

J.

Mellaart,

Excavationst Hacilar

,

ii

(Edinburgh,

1970)

Hama ii.

1

E.

Fugmann,

Hama:

fouilles

t recherches

931-1938

i i

(Copenhagen,

J958)

Hammond,

Migrations

N.G.L.

Hammond,

Migrations

nd

nvasions

n Greece nd

Adjacent

reas

(Park

Ridge,

New

Jersey:Noyes

Press,

1976)

Hennessy,Foreign

J.B.

Hennessy,

The

Foreign

elations

f

Palestine

uring

he

arly

Bronze

Relations

Age

London,

1967)

Higgins,Greek nd R.A. Higgins,Greek nd Roman ewelleryLondon, 1961

Roman

ewellery

Hissar

E.F.

Schmidt,

Excavations

t

Tepe

Hissar

Damghan (Philadelphia,

1937)

Holmberg,

Neolithic

EJ. Holmberg,

The

Neolithic

ottery

f

Mainland Greece

Gteborg,

Pottery

1

64)

Homolka

R.W. Ehrich

and E.

Pleslov-Stikov,

Homolka,

n Eneolithic

ite in

Bohemia

Prague,

1968)

lasos

i D.

Levi,

'Le due

prime campagne

di scavo

a lasos

(1960-1961)',

Annuario xxix-xl

(N.S.

xxiii-xxiv) (1961-62)

505-571

lasos

ii

D.

Levi,

'Le

campagne

1962-1964

a

lasos',

Annuario

liii-xliv

(N.S.

xxvii-xxviii) (1965-66)

401-546

lasos iii D. Levi, 'Gli scavi di lasos', Annuarioxlv-xlvi (N.S. xxix-xxx)

(1967-68)537-590

lasos

iv

D.

Levi,

'lasos. Le

campagne

di scavo

1969-70',

Annuario

lvii-xlviii

(N.S.

xxxi-xxxii) (1969-70) 461-532

Ilios

H.

Schliemann,

Ilios:

the

ity

nd

country

f

the

Trojans London,

1880)

Ist.

Mitt.

Istanbuler

itteilungen

Izvoare

R.

Vulpe,

Izvoare

Bucharest, 1957)

Jacobsthal,

Greek

ins

P.

Jacobsthal,

Greek

Pins

and

theirConnexions

ith

Europe

and

Asia

(Oxford,

1956)

Jarmo

RJ.

Braidwood and

B.

Howe,

Prehistoric

nvestigations

n

raqui

Kurdis-

tan

Studies

in

Ancient and

Oriental Civilization

no.

31)

(Chicago

O.I.,

i960)

JFA Journal fFieldArchaeology

JNES

Journal

f

Near

Eastern

tudies

JRGZMainz

Jahrbuch

esRmisch-Germanischen

entralmuseums

ainz

Judeideh

RJ.

Braidwood and

Linda S.

Braidwood,

Excavations

n thePlain

of

Antioch

: The Earlier

Assemblages,

hases

A-J

(O.I.

P.

lxi)

(Chicago,

i960)

Karo,

SG

G.

Karo,

Die

Schachtgmber

on

Mykenai

Munich, 1930)

Kephala

J.E.

Coleman,

Keos

i

Kephala:

a Late

Neolithic

ettlement

nd

Cemetery

(Princeton, 1977)



15/383

ABBREVIATIONS

xv

Kerameikos

W.

Kraiker

and

K.

Kubier,

Kerameikos

: Die

Nekropolen

es 12. bis 10.

Jahrhunderts

Berlin, 1939)

Khirokitia

P.

Dikaios,

Khirokitia

Oxford

U.P.,

1953)

KKh KprjTLKa poviKa

Kish

S.

Langdon,

Excavations

t Kish :

/92J-/924 Paris,

1924)

Korakou

C.W.

Biegen,

Korakou,

Prehistoricettlement

earCorinth

Boston

and

New

York,

1921)

Korucutepe

i M.N. van

Loon,

Korucutepe

i

(Amsterdam,

1978)

Kum

Tepe

J.W.

Sperling,

'Kum

Tepe

in

the

Troad: trial

excavation,

1934',

Hesperia

lv

(1976)

305-364

Kutzian,

K fs-

ultur I.

Kutzian,

A

K'fs- ultur

(Budapest,

1944)

Kythera

J.N.

Coldstream and

G.L.

Huxley, Kythera

London, 1972)

Lefkandi

M.R.

Popham

and

L.H.

Sacke

tt,

Excavations

t

Lefkandi,

Euboea,

ig64~66 (British

chool of

Archaeology

at

Athens) (London, 1968)

London IA

Bulletin

f

the nstitute

f

Archaeology,

ondon

University

MacGillivray 1979 J.A. MacGillivray, Early Cycladic otteryromMt. Kynthosn Delos

(Edinburgh,

1979)

Marinatos and Hirmer

S. Marinatos and

M.

Hirmer,

Crete nd

Mycenae London, i960)

Mat.

$i

Cercetari

Materiale

i

Cercetari

rheologice

Maxwell-Hyslop,

Western .R.

Maxwell-Hyslop,

Western siatic

ewellery

.

3000-612

B.C.

(Lon-

Asiatic

Jewellery

don,

1971)

Megiddo

R.S.

Lamon and

G.M.

Shipton,

Megiddo

:

Seasons

f g2j-ig34,

Strata

I-V{O.l.?. xlii)

Chicago, 1939)

Megiddo

i G.

Loud,

Megiddo

i:

Seasons

figjj-jg (O.I.

P.

lxii)

(Chicago, 1948)

Mellaart,

atal

Hyk

J.

Mellaart,

atal

Hyik:

Neolithic

ownn Anatolia

London, 1967)

Mellaart,

Neolithic ear

J.

Mellaart,

The

Neolithic

f

the

Near

East

(London, 1975)

East

Mersin J. Garstang,Prehistoric ersin Oxford, 1953)

Milojcic,

Ergebnisse

V.

Milojcic, 'Ergebnisse

der deutschen

Ausgrabungen

in

Thessalien

^S-^) JRGZMainzv (1959) l~b^

Mochlos

R.B.

Seager,

Explorations

n the

sland

of

Mochlos

Boston

and

New

York,

1912)

Mylonas,

Circle G.E.

Mylonas,

'O

raiKs

vkXos

rv

Mvktjvcjv

,

ii

(Athens, 1972,

1973)

Myrtos

P.

Warren,

Myrtos,

n

Early

Bronze

Age

Settlementn Crete

British

School of

Archaeology

at

Athens,

Supplementary

Vol.

7) (Oxford,

1972)

Nea

Makri

D.R.

Theochares,

'Nea Makri: eine

grosse

neolithische

Siedlung

in

der

Nhe von

Marathon',

AM

lxxi

(1956) 1-29

Nea Nikomedeia RJ. Rodden, 'Excavations at theEarly Neolithic Site at Nea Niko-

medeia,

Greek

Macedonia',

PPS

xxviii

1962) 267-288

Nemea

C.W.

Biegen,

'Neolithic Remains

at

Nemea',

Hesperia

xliv

(1975)

251-279

NMA

National

Museum

in

Athens

Olynthus

G.E.

Mylonas,

Excavations t

Olynthus

:

the

Neolithic

ettlement

Balti-

more,

London, Oxford,

1929)

Orchomenos

i

E.

Kunze,

Orchomenosi: Die

neolithische

eramik

Munich,

1931)



16/383

xvi

ABBREVIATIONS

Orchomenos

ii

E.

Kunze,

Orchomenos

ii: Die Keramik er

rhen

ronzezeit

Munich,

1934)

Otzaki-magula

J.

Milojcic-v.

Zumbusch and

V.

Milojcic,

Die

deutschen

usgrabungen

aufderOtzaki-magulan Thessalien: Dasfrhe eolithikumBonn, 1971)

Palaikastro

R.C.

Bosanquet

and

R.M.

Dawkins,

The

Unpublished

bjects

rom

he

Palaikastro

Excavations

go2-igo6

Part

1

(British

School

at

Athens,

Supplementary

Paper

1) (London,

1923)

PB

A

Proceedings

f

the ritish

cademy

Pendlebury,

AC

J.D.S.

Pendlebury,

The

Archaeology

f

Crete:

An ntroduction

London,

1939)

Perachora

i

H.G.G.

Payne,

Perachora

i

(Oxford,

1962)

Perate

,

ii,

iii

S.E.

Iakovidis,

IJepaTTj:

o

NKporaov

-iii

(Athens, 1969,

1970)

Ptrie,

Corpus

W.M.F.

Ptrie,

Corpus

f

Prehistoric

ottery

ndPalettes

London,

1

2

1

Ptrie,

Tools and

W.M.F.

Ptrie,

Tools and

WeaponsLondon, 191

7)

Weapons

Phelps, Thesis W.W. Phelps, TheNeolithic otteryequencen SouthernreeceLondon

Ph.D.

Thesis,

1975)

Phylakopi

Excavations

t

Phylakopi

n

Melos

(The Society

for the Promotion

of

Hellenic

Studies,

Supplementary

Paper

No.

4) (London,

1904)

Piggott,

Neolithic

ultures

S.

Piggott,

The

Neolithic

ultures

f

the

ritishsles

(Cambridge,

1954)

PM

i-iv

AJ.

Evans,

The Palace

of

Minos at

Knossos -iv

(London,

1921-35)

PMac

W.A.

Heurtley,

Prehistoric

acedonia

Cambridge

U.P.,

1939)

PNestor

C.W.

Biegen

and

Marion

Rawson,

The

Palace

of

Nestor

t

Pylos

n

WesternMessenia

:

The

Buildings

nd their

ontents

Princeton

U.P.,

1966)

Poliochni

,

ii

L.

Bernab-Brea,

Poliochni: itta

reistorica

elV

soladi Lemnos

,

i

i,

2:

ii

i

and 2

(Rome, 1964, 1976)PPS Proceedingsfthe rehistoric

ociety

Prhistoire

ranaise

i

La

Prhistoire

ranaise

i: Les

Civilisations

olithiques

t

rotohistoriques

e

la France

d. J.

Guilaine) (Publis

l'occasion

du

IXe

Congrs

de

l'U.I.S.P.P.,

Nice,

1976) (Paris,

1976)

Prosymna

C.W.

Biegen, Prosymna:

he

Helladic settlement

receding

he

Argive

er-

aeum

,

ii

(Cambridge

U.P.,

1937)

Protesilaos

R.

Demangel,

Fouilles

du

Corpsd'Occupation ranais

de

Constantinople

excutese

1920

a

1923

:

Le

Tumulus itde

Protesilaos

Paris, 1926)

PThess

AJ.B.

Wace and M.S.

Thompson,

Prehistoric

hessaly Cambridge

U.P.,

1912)

Renfrew,

mergence

C.

Renfrew,

The

Emergencef

Civilization

London, 1972)

Saliagos

J.D.

Evans

and

C.

Renfrew,

Excavations t

Saliagos

near

Antiparos(BritishSchool ofArchaeology at Athens, SupplementaryVol. 5)

(London,

1968)

Samos

V.

Milojcic,

Samos

i:

Die Prhistorische

iedlung

unter em Heraion:

Grabung

953

und

5155Bonn,

1961)

Samosxiv

Renate

Tlle-Kastenbein,

Samosxiv: Das

Kastro

Tigani

Bonn,

1974)

SCE

The

Swedish

yprus xpedition

-

v

(Stockholm,

1934-72)

Schachermeyr,

ltesten F.

Schachermeyr,

Die

ltesten ulturen riechenlands

Stuttgart,

1955)

Kulturen



17/383

ABBREVIATIONS

xvii

Schachermeyr,

ie

myk.

F.

Schachermeyr,

ie

agaische

fhzeit

i: Die

mykenische

eit Vienna,

Zeit

1976)

Schliemann,

roja

H.

Schliemann,

roja London,

1884)

Schliemann, royudits H. Schliemann, roynd tsRemainsLondon, 1875)

Remains

Servia Cressida

Ridley

and

K.A.

Wardle,

Rescue

Excavations t Servia

1971-1973:

A

Preliminary

eport',

BSA

lxxiv

1979) 185-230

Sotira

P.

Dikaios,

otira

Philadelphia,

961)

SS H.

Schmidt,

.

Schliemann'

Sammlungrojanischer

ltertmer

Berlin,

1902)

Sukas

ii

PJ.

Riis and H.

Thrane,

ukas ii:

The

Neolithic

eriods

Copenhagen,

1974)

Sulimirski,

rehistoric

T.

Sulimirski,

rehistoricussia

London,

1970)

Russia

TAD

Turk

rkeolojiergisi

Tarsusi H. Goldman, xcavationstG'zl ule,TarsusPrinceton .P., 1956)

Teleilat

hassul

A.

Mallon,

R.

Koeppel

and

R.

Neuville,

Teleilat hassuL

ompte

endu

des

ouilles

e

V

nstitut

iblique

ontifical1929- 932 Rome, 1934)

Theochares,

uge

D.R.

Theochares,

H

avyrj tjs

eooaLKrjlpoaropias

Volos,

1967)

Theochares,

eolithic

D.R.

Theochares,

Neolithic

reece

Athens:

National

Bank

of

Greece,

Greece

1973)

Thera-vii

S.

Marinatos,

xcavationst Thera

-vii

Athens,

968-73)

Thermi W.

Lamb,

Excavationst Thermi

n

Lesbos

Cambridge

U.P.,

1936)

Thorikosii

H.F.

Mussche,

Thorikos

965:

Rapport

rliminaire

ur

a

troisime

am-

pagne

e

Fouilles

Bruxelles,

967)

Tigoni

'Vorgeschichtliches

n

der

Stadt

Samos',

AM

lx/lxi

1935/36)

1

12-200: Fundtatsachen'

y

W.

Wrede

1 12-24);

Die Funde'

by

R.

Heidenreich125-83); 'Nachtrge' yW. Buttler184-200)

Troy

-iv

C.W.

Biegen

nd

others,

roy

-iv

(Princeton

.P.,

1950-58)

Tul

W.

Drpfeld,

roja

und lion

,

i

(Athens,

902)

Ucko,

Figurines

PJ.

Ucko,

Anthropomorphicigurines

London,

1968)

Ugaritica

v

C.F.A.

Schaeffer,

garitica

v

(Paris,1962)

Ur

i

CL.

Woolley,

Ur

Excavationsi:

The

Royal

emeteryLondon,

1933)

Valmin,

ME

M.N.

Valmin,

The

wedish

essenia

xpeditionLund

etc.,

1938)

Vermeule,

B

A

E.

Vermeule,

Greece

nthe

ronze

ge Chicago, 1954)

Vinca

-iv

M.

M.

Vasic,

Preistoriskainia

-iv

(Belgrade, 932-36)

Vitelli

1977

Karen D.

Vitelli,

Neolithic

Potter's

Marks

fromLerna

and the

Franchthi

ave',

Journalf

he

Walters rt

Gallery

xxvi

1977)

1

-30

Vrokastro

E.H.

Hall,

ExcavationsnEastern rete:

Vrokastro

University

fPenn-

sylvaniaMuseumAnthropologicalublicationsII No. 3) (Phila-

delphia,1914)

VTM

S.

Xanthoudides,

he

Vaulted

ombs

f

Mesara:

n

account

f

ome

arly

cemeteries

f

outhernrete

London,

1924)

Wace,

Chamber

ombs

A.J.B.

Wace,

'Chamber

Tombs at

Mycenae',

Archaeologia

xxxii

(1932) 1-242

Wace,

Mycenae

A.J.B.

Wace,

Mycenae:

n

archaeological

istory

nd

guide

Princeton

U.P.,

1949)



18/383


19/383

Notes

The

materialfrom

ther

prehistoric

ites

n

Chios

apart

from

Ayio

Gala and

Emporio

s

numbered

-

15.

That from

Ayio

Gala

is numbered

AG

1-390.

The

pottery

rom

mporio

s

numbered

1-3000,

nd the ther inds rom

mporio part

from

ottery

ave been

given

heir

own series

fnumbers

CLAY 1-41;

WHORLS

1-56;

STONE

1-54;

METAL

1-19;

BONE,

SHELL,

AMBER and FAIENCE

1-68).

Chipped

tone

ools re

only

numbered

f

llustrated,

with

eparate

eries fnumbers or nes from

mporio

nd ones

from

yio

Gala.

Where sherd

r other

bject

whichhas no serialnumber s llustratedn

a plate with

number

eferring

o t

n

the

ext,

he

ounting

s

n

horizontal ows romeft o

right

eginning

t

the op eft.

All

measurements

f

pottery

nd other

inds re

given

n

centimetres,

nless therwisetated.

For the

Mycenaean

pottery

he term

Mycenaean (Myc.)

used

by

Furumarkhas been

adopted

n

preference

o Late

Helladic

L.H.).



20/383

3.

AREA A. PERIOD

III

427

v.

Period

III

GENERAL

The

material

ssigned

o this

eriod

nAreaA came from he

retaining

alls

53

and

54

and the

fill f tones

umped

n

the uins f hePeriod

V

houses ehind hem

n

order o make

terrace

or

platform

t a

higher

evel round he well. t looks s

if

this

platform

nd

the terracewalls

supporting

t werebuiltmore r ess

mmediately

fter hePeriod

V

destruction,

ithout

ny

appreciable

nterval f ime

uring

which he itewas deserted. ome of he

pottery

rom he

ill

of

stones,

ncluding

fewmore or less

restorable

ases,

clearlybelonged

to the Period V

destructioneveland has been

incorporated

ith he material f V- IV. At the same time

certain

mount f

pottery

ndistinguishable

rom hat

ound

n

evels f

Period

I

was

recovered

from he

upper part

of the stone

fill,

whichwas

evidently

ontaminated

o some extentwith

material fPeriod

I

or ater.

SHAPES

(a)

bowls

4. Open

bowlswith

traight

r

lightlyurving

ides

1367 (fig.

195)

1367. (IV/III

Q,2i, by

wall

22)

Rim.

Grey-brown;

ery

ine urnish.

5. Open

bowlswith

urving

ides

1

68-1 372

(fig. 195)

1368.

(Ill

G

19) (plate 70)

Rim

with

arge

circular

warton

outside.

Hard

fabric;

urface

rey-brown

o reddish

around

rim,

urnished.

ossibly stray

f

Period I.

1369.

(Ill

G

19)

Rim

with

tump

f ide

handleon

outside.

Roughly

made;

rather

oft

abric;

urface

rey-brown,

burnished.

1 70. (Ill G 19)Rimwith rumpetugasfig.191 class3 a, risingbove t.Possiblyrom owlof ype . Soft abric;

surface

rey-brown,

urnished.

1

7

1.

(Ill

R

wall

54)

Rim.

Greyish

rown

lay;

surface hadesof

dark

nd'light

rown

o

reddish, urnished,

ut

very

much

pitted

nd

somewhat rackled.

1

72.

(IHR

wall

54)

Rim,

with

olid

upturned

quare-ended

ug-

wart n

outside. oft

rey lay;

urface

ight

rown,

burnished ut worn.

6. Bowls with

nward-leaning

ims

374-1376 (fig.

195)

1374.

(Ill G/H

?i9)

Rim

with

arge

circular

wart n

outside.

hades ofdark

to>

ight

rown;

ine urnish.

1375. (Ill

G

19)

Rim

with

ncipient

ead. Dark

grey

lay, ight

brown

t

edges,

with

fine

grit;

urface

with

burnished

ed wash nside

nd out.

Cf.

Troy fig.

64:

7,

shape

A

16.

Troy

.

1376. (Ill

R wall

54)

Rim.

Lightish

rown;

ine

urnish.

7 Bowlswithnward-leaningims ndhighhoulders 77- 1 79 (fig 195)

The rims

llustrated,

wo f

hem rom

he

make-up

fwall

53,

may

well

be ofV-IV

date. Such

rims re

n

effect

ounded

ersions

f he

arinated ims

f

ype

bowls,

nd

they

refound

n

the

more

r ess

ontemporary

orizon f

Troy (cf.

Troy

fig.

64:

2,

and bid.

62 for he

difficulty

f

distinguishing

etween

hapes

A

16

(our

types

and

7)

and

A

12

(our

type )).

1377. (Ill G/H

Pig) Grey-brown,

urnished.

1378. (Ill

R

wall

53)

Hard

fabric;

urface

ightish

rey,

urnished.

1379. (Ill

Qwall 53)

Purplish rey-brown,

urnished.



21/383

fig.

195.

Period II. Bowls.

cale

1/3.

428

III.

EMPORIO

9.

Cannateci

owls

380- 1384 (fig. 195)

A.

Rims at

open angles

1380. (Ill G 19)Darkgrey o blackclay, ight rown tedges,with rey ndwhite rit; urface hades f ight nd

dark

red-brown,

urnished.

1

8

1.

(Ill

Q,

stonefill ehind

wall

53)

Dark

grey

o

black

clay,

ight

rown t

edges,

with

grit

somevery

arge)

including

much

white;

urface ark

greyish

rown,

urnished.

J|r

1371

J^

*

?

h

't j

~

-

%i

~

fk Hk^

'

'jT

1379

1378 1377

^

/ HD Mi

~

^

34

26

20

22?

14

1380

1381

Jf

1384

1386^^

1387

^390

1389

^88

c25

38+?

L

y/

15

>2

JO

10

WJ JMf

1385 1391 ^1392 1393 1394

1383

^1382

/^""""A ^7^T^^'?

1408

1410

1411

D.

Short

bevelled

rims

1

82.

(Ill Qstone

fill etweenwalls

53

and

54)

Grey-brown

o

reddish,

urnished. nother imilar rom

II

Qstone

fill

ehind

wall

53. Probably

oth

trays

f

Period I.

Handles

and

lugs

1

83.

(Ill

Qstone

fill etween

walls

3

and

54)

Rim

with

tump

f

idehandle.

Grey-brown,

urnished.

hree thers

similar

rom

evels f

II in

Qj

burnished urfaces

rey-brown,

rown

o

black,

ight

rown

nd reddish.

1384.

(Ill

Qwall

53)

Rim

with

hornedwart et belowcarination.

lack,

burnished.



22/383

3.

AREA A. PERIOD

III

429

io.

Bowls

with hort

S-shaped,

sually

hickenedlub-like

ims

385

(fig.

195)

Two rims romevels f

II

were

ssignable

o this

ype:

both

ppear

to be earlier

trays;

ne,

with trumpetug,resembled ims fPeriodVI, but theother 1385)was anomalous.

1

85. (Ill

Qstone

fill ehind

wall

53) Angle

not ertain. ark

grey

o

black

lay;

urface

ark

brown,

urnished ut

muchworn.

1

2

Bowlswith

traight

ims,

hickenednd

usually ifferentiated

n he

nside

86-

1

87 (fig.

i

95)

1386.

(Ill

G

19)

Rim. Soft

abric;

lay

with bundant traw nd

grit

some

very arge, ncluding

ed and

white);

surface

itted,

rey-brown

ith reddish

inge,

urnished.

robably

f Periods

V-IV.

1387. (Ill

Qstone

fill ehind

wall

53)

Rim. Brownish

rey lay;

surface

reyish

rown,

urnished

ut worn.

13.

Bowls

with

utward-curving

ims

internallyifferentiated

nd hickened

388-1390 (fig. 195)

As

n

V-IV thefinest urnished

urfacesended o occur n bowls f his nd

the llied

type

4.

Incised

decoration,

onsisting

f

zigzag

ine,

ppeared

round he nside fone small

rim.

1388.

(Ill

G

19)

Rim.

Coarse

fabric;

nside urface

ight

rown,

utsidewith red

wash,

burnished.

1389.

(Ill

H

18)

Rim.

Surface

with red

wash,

burnished ut worn.

Possibly

f

Periods

V-IV.

1390.

(Ill

Q

stone

ill etween

walls

53

and

54)

Rim.

Grey-brown; igh

polish-like

urnish.

1

.

Bowls

with

utward-curving

ims,

ot

nternallyifferentiated

39

1 1

93 (fig.

i

95

1

9

1

(Ill

G

19)

Rim.

Sandyorange lay,dusky

t

core,

with ine

rit,ncluding

hite,

rey,

nd

red;

urfacemuch

worn,

ut traces

f thick ed wash nside nd out.

Possibly stray

f Period

I

or ater.

1392. (Ill

R wall

53)

Rim. Soft

abric;

urface

rey-brown;

ine urnish.

1393. (Ill Q,

stonefill ehindwall

53)

Rim.

Grey-brown

ith reddish

inge,

well burnished.

15.

Carinated owlswith

utward-spreading

ims

94 (fig.

i

95)

1394. Ill Qstone

fill ehind

all

53)

Rim

f.

ype

5A.

Grey-brown,

urnished.

(b) jugs

i

39

a

(fig. 196)

Fragments

f

ugs

with

ridges

down the throat ike

1

75 may

all

be

strays

fPeriod

II. The

scrap

1

9

1A

is unusual

in

having

a

row

of

fingernail

mpressions long

the

top

ofthe

rim

ike

1

30

from

a Period

II

type

5

bowl.

1

91

A.

(Ill

G

19)

Rim

with

ingernailmpressions

long

lattened

op.

Black;

ine urnish.

For imilar

inger-impressions

nd

parallels,

eeunder

430.

(c)

JARS

92-1

407

(FIG.

196)

(1)

Rims

of

class

A

undifferentiated

rom

he est

f

the

ody

RimsofclassA I

1392A.

(Ill

Qstone

fill ehindwall

53)

Withvertical andle.

Grey lay

with

rit,

ome

huge;

urface

ight

eddish

brown;

oor

stroke urnish.

ragment

f nother

imilar,

ut

arger.

Rimsofclass

A

II

1393A. (Ill

G

19)

Coarse

cooking

ot type

ware;

surface eddish

urple

o

black,

burnished.

1394A. (IV/III Q21, by

wall

22)

Cooking ot type

ware;

dark

grey lay;

urfacewith

wash,

red

nside,

urplish

red-brown

utside;

oor

burnish.

1395. (IV/III Q2

1,

by

wall

22)

Dark

grey lay;

surface ark

grey

o

black,

burnished.



23/383

fig. 196.Period II. Jugs, ars etc.Scale 1/3.

430

III.

EMPORIO

3?

24

ct6

14?

14

662

.,-'

^

S

,669

*-

^

p^

>^|

^

/^^%

f~'

667

/)

[V/'

A

^r :~^

-664

^|

"^ '

by

4

16_jfc

22

16'

by

4

c22

c



49/383

456

III. EMPORIO

A

few id

fragments

1693-6)

had some

kind frib

r

flange

round he

opedge,

nd

might

have come from idsof

type

4.

(1) Type60. Flat lids

1

48-1

5

1.

(II,

levels

below

6)

Rims. Diam. c.

15. Mostly

f oarse

cooking

ot type

ware with

poor

burnish.

1652. (II

Q,

7)

Rim

with

wart

on

it.

Light

brown;

poor

burnish.Others

similar;

ooking

pot

ware;

surfaces

unburnished.

1653. 1654. II,

levelsbelow

6) (plate 83)

Rims with

grooves

oundoutside

dge. Light

brown,

urnished.

1655.

(II

Q,no

evel) plate 83)

Rim with entral

wart,

nd oval wart n

edge.Cooking

ot

ware;

urface

hades f

brown nd

dusky,

nburnished.

1656.

(II

Q,7)

(plate

84)

Small id. Part

missing.

iam.

6.5.

One side bent

upwards,

withhole made

through

t

before

iring.

nder surface

ark

grey, ough;

upper

urface hades of brown o

black,

burnished.

ncised

decoration,

illedwithwhite.

1657. (II

X

15-13,

7) (plate 86)

Part of small

id.

Upper

surface hades of dark and

light

brown o

reddish,

burnished,

ith ncised

ecoration;

nder urface

ough.

Fragments

f four ther mall

flat ids with nciseddecorationwere recovered

rom evels

below6.

(2)

Type

3.

Covers

withhandles

r

ugs

on

top

1658.

(II 15-13,

7,

and

Q,6/5)

fig. 199)Fragment

f

arge

over.

Grey

lay;

nside urface

rey

with

ough

troke

burnish;

utside

ark

purplish

rown

nd black

hading

o

reddish,

ith

high

olish.

old

ncised

ecoration;

traces

f

white

ill.

1659.

(II

Q,

15)

(plate

84)

Cover.

About

half

preserved.

iam. 10.

Ht.

4. Grey lay;

surface

ark

brown.

nside

rough,

without

urnish,

ut

thickly

oated

with

rimson

matt

paint

which eems

deliberately

pplied

not

rernains

f

ontents);

utside

with ncised

ecoration

traces

f

white

ill)

ombined

with eserved

reas

free f

burnish.

1660.

(II Q,5)

Fragment

f

arge

cover

with

perforated

ug.

Surface

rown,

urnished

nside

nd out.

1 6

1

(II

0,6/5)

Rim of over

with

erforated

ug.

Surface

ight

eddish

rown;

oor

burnish

nside

ndout.

Several

others

imilar

rom

arious

evels f

I;

surfaces

hades

f

grey-brown

nd

red,

burnished;

mostly

ithncised

decoration.

1 62. (II Q,6/5)Fragmentf arge overwith erforatedornedug.Surfacewith redwash, nburnished.nother

similar

II Q,

14);

red surface

with

poor

burnish.

1663.

(II

Q,

7) Fragments

f

three

or more

covers,

f.

1302

of

Period

IV. Two

with outside

surfaces

ark

purple-brown;

ighpolish;

ncised ecoration

illed

withwhite.

One

grey-brown,

urnished.

1664. (II

0,6/5)

Fragment

f

arge

cover

with olid

horned

ug.

Surface

ight

rown;

ine

urnish.

everal

others

similar rom

ariousevels

f

I;

mostly

arge,

ut

one at east

mall;

urfaces

hades

f

rey-brown,

ight

rown,

and

red,

usually

well burnished.

1665. (II Q,7)

Fragment

f

arge

cover

with

ncipient

olid horned

ug,

which

s

n

effect

crude

version

f

1664.

Surface

rey-brown,

ough

nd unburnished.

hree or

four thers

imilar

romevels

below

6;

surfaces

ight

brown

r

with red

wash;

poor

burnish

r none

at

all.

1666.

(II

Q,7)

Fragment

fcover

with olid

ug,

cf.

1299

of

Period

V/IV. Grey-brown;

ine urnish.

hree

others

similar rom

evelsbelow

6;

surfaces

hades

of

ight

nd

dark brown

with

poor

burnish.

1667.

(II

X

5) (plate 87) Large

solid

ug

with

ounded

op.

Dark brown

o

reddish,

urnished.

1668.

(II Q,6/5)

Large

solid

triangular

ug. Light

brown

o

black,

burnished.

1

69. (II Q,6/5)

As 1 68. Surface

with red

wash,

nburnished.

ther

olid

ugs

imilar o

1

67-9

from

arious

evels

of I appearto comefromargecovers.

(3)

Fragments

f

arge

over

ids

of

type

3

with

ncised

ecoration

plate 87)

These nclude

ragments

rom

he

ops

f uch

ids

1

7

1-3)

as well

s

sides

nd

rims

1

74-82)

The

incisions n

1671-2,

1674-5

and

1683,

have

traces f

white

ill.

All

come

from

I

(6/5,

except

1670-1,

1678,

1680,

1682

which

re

from

I

Q7,

and

1683 see

below).

1670.

Horned

ug

with

ingle erforation.

utside

dark

to

ight

rown,

urnished;

nside

ough.

1

7

1.

Light

brown,

urnished

nside nd out.



50/383

3.

AREA A.

PERIOD

II

457

1672.

Outsidered-browno

black,burnished;

nside

ough.

1673, 1674.

Outsides

hadesof

ight

nd dark

brown, urnished;

nsides

ough.

1675, 1676.

Outsides ark

brown o

black,

burnished;

nsides

ough.

1677. Outsidedarkpurplish rown, urnished;nside ough.

1678.

Outside

ight

rown,

nside

grey-brown,

urnished.

1679.

Outside

ight

rown, urnished;

nside

ough.

1680. Outside

grey-brown,

urnished;

nside

ough.

1

8 1.

Light

brown,

urnishednside

nd out.

1682. Outsidebrown o

black,burnished;

nside esswell burnished.

1683. (II

X

15-13,7;Q,7

and

6/5;

X

5)

Three

fragments

rom

op

nd sides f ame

cover;

olidhorned

ug.

Outside

reddish o dark

purple-brown

nd

black,

burnished;

nside esswell

burnished.

(4)

Fragments f

small cover ids

of

type

3

with

ncised

decoration

plate

86)

The smallflat-

opped

knobon

1685

appears

to

come from he

centre

f lid. The

fragments

1686-7

have

horned,

hile

1688-9

nd

1

90-1

have

imple erforatedugs.

Outside urfaces

re

all

burnished,

ut nsides re

rough

nd

unburnished.

he incised

decoration

mostly

etains

traces fwhite ill.

1684. (II

Q7) Light

brown;

ery

ine urnish.

1685.

(II

0,5)

Grey-brown

o

black,

burnished.

1686.

(II

Q,7)

Purple

grey-brown

o

reddish,

urnished.

1687. (II

0,7)

Brown o black

and

deep purplish; ery

ine

urnish.

1688.

(II

R

8)

Grey-brown;

urfacemuchworn.

1689. (II

Q6/5) Grey-brown

o

deep purple

nd

reddish,

urnished.

1690.

1

9

1.

(II

X

5) Grey-brown,

urnished.

(5)

Miscellaneous

1692.

(II

Q7) Fragment

f idwith

tump

f

entral

andle nd ow

horned

wart. oft

abric;

urface

ith

red

wash;

insidewith ine

urnish,

utside esswell

burnished.

wo other id

fragments

ith imilar

warts;

urfaces

ight

reddish,

with

poor

burnish r none

at all.

1693. (II Q 14) Fragment f arge idwithraisedrib roundtopoutside dge.Coarsegrey lay,orange t edges;

surfacewith

wash;

outside

ight

urple-brown

ith

races f

burnish;

nside

darker,

nburnished.

1694. (II

Q,7, 6/5)

Two

fragments

f

arge

id with

rib;

bold

incised

ecoration n

top.

Coarse

grey-brown

lay;

surfacewith

wash,

ight

rown

o

red,

pparently

ith

poor

burnish,

ut worn.

1695. (II

Q,

14)

Rim

of

arge

id.

Coarse dark

grey lay;

urface ith

wash,

range

o

reddish;

uperficial

urnish

inside nd out.

1696. (II

R

8)

Rim

of

arge

id.

Surfacewith

wash;

outside

ed,

nside

purple-brown,

nburnished.

(i)

HANDLES

AND

LUGS

(1)

Bowls

1

97-1707 (fig.

206)

Handles.

As

in

Periods

V- IV

some

types

of bowl

were

provided

with

handles,

either

horizontal,

r ess

commonly

ertical.

(a)

Vertical.

About dozen

fragments

fbowls

with ertical

andleswere

recognised

rom

levels f I. Someof hese owlswere

vidently

arge

of

ypes

or1 where he

hapes

ouldbe

identified;

ut otherswere mall

and

classifiable s

dipper ups

of

type

16.

The

handleswere

either eton the

outside f hebowl as

in

the ase

of

1566

of

ype

6,

or

were

placed

clasping

t

from he

nside nd outside

e.g.

1537-8

of

type13,

and

1567

of

type

16).

The

massive

tump

projecting

rom

elow he

rim

1437

of

ype

appears

o be

part

f ome

kind

f

vertical

andle.

(b)

Horizontal. owls f ertain

ypes, otably

hose fthe

ommon

ype

,

were

regularly

provided

with

ide

handles,

sually

t

eemswith

nly

ne,

but

ometimes o

doubtwith

wo et

opposite

ach

other

e.g. 1500).

n

at

east wo

nstances

on

bowls f

ypes

and

9

from

level



51/383

458

III.

EMPORIO

7)

a

couple

of handles

appeared

to have

been

placed

together

ide

by

side. These side

handles

often ose at

a

steep

angle

above the

evel ofthe

rim.

They

were

n

general

ofthe

simple

rounded

shape

as

fig.

107

no.

1;

but

pointed

(2)

and

ogival

(3)

handles

also occurred. Some

forty-five

handles of thepointedorogival shape (fig. 107nos. 2, 3) were countedfrom evels of I; nicked

and

horned handles

as

fig.

107

nos.

4

and

5

seem

to have been

unusual, however,

nd

only

about

a dozen were

recognised

in

all.

A

number

of the

ogival

handles were remarkable

for their

elegance (e.g. 1699,

1

700)

Side handles

from owls

were

normally

ircular

n

section s

fig.

190

no.

1;

but some of

the finest f

all

shapes

were

triangular

fig. 190

no.

2)

or

rectangular

3),

and

one from level below

6 was hollow

on

the outside as fig.

190

no.

4.

Lug-handles.

haracteristic

of this

horizon,

although

not common

and

confined t seems to

bowls of

types

13

and

14,

were

triangular

or

horned

lug-handles

with

large

circular holes

through

them

as

1540

(cf.

plate 88

(a)).

Similar

projections,

but

without

holes,

also occur

on

bowls of these

types

e.g.

1541).

Triangular projections

may

be

combined

with vertical

warts

(e.g. 1542oftype13; 1563oftype14); insomecases at anyrate thefragments ith these ppear

to come

from

ars

or

cooking pots.

Trumpetugs.

These occurred

th

Documents

Chios. Part II