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CHILDHOOD DISEASES
Bacteria
Small in size, no nucleus or membranous organelles
Cell wall Cocci Bacilli Spirilla Vibrios
Gram-positive Gram-negative
Cough : (aka: Pertussis)
Pertussis
AKA: Whooping cough or 100 day cough
Bordetella pertussis
Was one of the most common childhood diseases and major cause of childhood mortality
Pertussis Starts out like a cold
But cough becomes more severe
Cough characterized by high pitch whoop.
Child may turn cyanotic, cough more at night, or even vomit due to coughing attack.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIV460AQUWk
Sore Throat
Streptococcus
Strep throat Sore throat for more
than 1 week Temperature >100.4 Pus on back of
throat Possible rash
However: Most sore throats
are not caused by bacteria
Antibiotics
Target bacterial cell wall Target cell membrane Inhibit protein synthesis targets in
bacterial machinery Interfere with bacterial metabolism,
DNA, and RNA synthesis
Antibiotic Resistance
“One of the world’s most pressing public health problems.” (CDC, 2012)
What exactly is it?
Factors: Parental pressure Allergies Farming Time / money
“Friendly” Bacteria
Most bacteria are non-pathogenic Some bacteria are beneficial
Ex: Bacteria keeps yeast in check. Antibiotics kill bacteria; yeast infection
occurs
Yogurt Probiotics/Prebiotics
Viruses
Viruses
Core genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a capsid
Polio
Poliomyelitis (Polio)
Polio = gray; Myelon = marrow of spinal cord; itis = inflammation
Highly contagious May result in paralysis
Vaccine preventable
Polio Eradication
Is it possible??
“Hopefully by 2015 no child in the world will be paralyzed by the disease and by 2018 Polio will be wiped out.” – Bill Gates, 09/28/2012
The current eradication program…
Norovirus
Measles / Rubella
Common childhood illness until vaccine.
May be fatal
Characterized by fever and rash
Highly contagious through respiratory droplets.
Chicken Pox / Shingles
Varicella zoster virus
Herpes zoster virus
Characterized by rash, fever, malaise.
Contagious, spread by respiratory droplets
Other…
Head lice
Bed bug
Dust mite
EV-D68
AKA: Enterovirus-D68 1,153 cases in 49 states as of Jan 15, 2015
Children with asthma at higher risk
No specific treatment / cure
Question of paralysis side effect
(CDC, 2014)
Vaccines
Active immunity Dead or deactivated dose of bacteria or virus
injected
Passive immunity Preformed antibodies from immune serum of
animal injected.
Acquired immunity Immune system fights live bacteria or virus
Vaccines….
A loaded topic What’s the truth?
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