CHILDHOOD DISEASES

Bacteria

Small in size, no nucleus or membranous organelles

Cell wall Cocci Bacilli Spirilla Vibrios

Gram-positive Gram-negative

Cough : (aka: Pertussis)

Pertussis

AKA: Whooping cough or 100 day cough

Bordetella pertussis

Was one of the most common childhood diseases and major cause of childhood mortality

Pertussis Starts out like a cold

But cough becomes more severe

Cough characterized by high pitch whoop.

Child may turn cyanotic, cough more at night, or even vomit due to coughing attack.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIV460AQUWk

Sore Throat

Streptococcus

Strep throat Sore throat for more

than 1 week Temperature >100.4 Pus on back of

throat Possible rash

However: Most sore throats

are not caused by bacteria

Antibiotics

Target bacterial cell wall Target cell membrane Inhibit protein synthesis targets in

bacterial machinery Interfere with bacterial metabolism,

DNA, and RNA synthesis

Antibiotic Resistance

“One of the world’s most pressing public health problems.” (CDC, 2012)

What exactly is it?

Factors: Parental pressure Allergies Farming Time / money

“Friendly” Bacteria

Most bacteria are non-pathogenic Some bacteria are beneficial

Ex: Bacteria keeps yeast in check. Antibiotics kill bacteria; yeast infection

occurs

Yogurt Probiotics/Prebiotics

Viruses

Viruses

Core genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a capsid

Polio

Poliomyelitis (Polio)

Polio = gray; Myelon = marrow of spinal cord; itis = inflammation

Highly contagious May result in paralysis

Vaccine preventable

Polio Eradication

Is it possible??

“Hopefully by 2015 no child in the world will be paralyzed by the disease and by 2018 Polio will be wiped out.” – Bill Gates, 09/28/2012

The current eradication program…

Norovirus

Measles / Rubella

Common childhood illness until vaccine.

May be fatal

Characterized by fever and rash

Highly contagious through respiratory droplets.

Chicken Pox / Shingles

Varicella zoster virus

Herpes zoster virus

Characterized by rash, fever, malaise.

Contagious, spread by respiratory droplets

Other…

Head lice

Bed bug

Dust mite

EV-D68

AKA: Enterovirus-D68 1,153 cases in 49 states as of Jan 15, 2015

Children with asthma at higher risk

No specific treatment / cure

Question of paralysis side effect

(CDC, 2014)

Vaccines

Active immunity Dead or deactivated dose of bacteria or virus

injected

Passive immunity Preformed antibodies from immune serum of

animal injected.

Acquired immunity Immune system fights live bacteria or virus

Vaccines….

A loaded topic What’s the truth?