Chemistry of Life PA State Standards Living vs. Non-living vs. Dead DeadNon-LivingLiving Living...
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- Chemistry of Life PA State Standards
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- Living vs. Non-living vs. Dead DeadNon-LivingLiving Living
organisms that were once alive, but are no longer Not able to do
all of the 8 functions nor were ever alive An organism that is able
to perform ALL 8 functions Example: Roadkill Example: Rock Example:
Plant, Animal, etc.
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- 8 Functions (in no particular order) Nutrition Secretion
Excretion Movement Reproduction Response Growth Respiration
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- 8 Functions (in no particular order) Nutrition Take in food and
water for energy and growth
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- 8 Functions (in no particular order) Reproduction Producing
more of its own kind Survival of the species depends on it
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- 8 Functions (in no particular order) Movement Organism may move
and materials inside also move (transport)
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- 8 Functions (in no particular order) Growth Development and
aging of organisms over time
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- 8 Functions (in no particular order) Excretion Removal of
wastes
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- 8 Functions (in no particular order) Secretion Useful chemicals
made and given off
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- 8 Functions (in no particular order) Response React to changes
in its surroundings or the environment
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- 8 Functions (in no particular order) Respiration Exchange and
use of gases Especially oxygen and carbon dioxide Helps to release
energy from food
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- Spontaneous Generation The thought that living things come from
non-living things.
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- Francesco Redi Italian doctor who challenged the theory of
spontaneous generation
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- Redis experiment Problem: Where do maggots come from? He
believed maggots come from flies. He took 3 jars of meat...
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- Redis experiment His first jar of meat had no covering Flies
were seen flying on and near meat Maggots developed on the
meat
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- Redis Experiment The 2 nd jar of meat had a netting on top.
Flies were observed flying on and near netting Maggots appeared on
the netting.
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- Redis Experiment The 3 rd jar of meat was sealed. No flies
could get near the meat. No maggots developed
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- Redis experiment What did Redis experiment show? Maggots do not
come from rotting meat, they come from other flies Disproved
Spontaneous Generation Was his hypothesis correct or
incorrect?
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- Spallazanis Experiment Test spontaneous generation and kill
microorganisms
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- Louis Pasteur A French chemist and microbiologist who also
disproved the idea of Spontaneous Generation. Disproved the idea
that microbes grew from organic matter, including things like
juice.
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- Louis Pasteurs Experiment Where do microbes come from that
cause broth to decay? Believed that microbes come from cells of
organisms in the air, not the air itself. Set up an experiment
using 3 S-shaped jars
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- Pasteurs experiment Filled the jar with broth The S-shape was
used to try and stop dust particles from entering jar.
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- Pasteurs experiment He boiled the jars to kill any
microbes
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- Pasteurs experiment Left the three flasks out in various
locations The broth did not turn cloudy, and no microbes were
present in the broth
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- Pasteurs Experiment Notice the dust that collected in the neck
of the jar. When the S-shape was broken, Microbes were found
growing in the broth.
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- Pasteurs Experiment What did Pasteur disprove? Spontaneous
Generation Microbes come from cells in organisms found in the air,
not the air itself. What did Pasteur discover? Pasteurization
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- Basic Needs of Life MAWS Mineral Air Water Sun
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- Atom Tiny particles that make up matter or the building blocks
of matter 3 Basic Parts Neutron Proton Electron
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- Element Matter that is made up of only one kind of atom
Examples: C = Carbon N = Nitrogen Fe = Iron
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- C. HOPKINS CaFe Elements found in all living things *found in
large amounts C *CarbonN *Nitrogen H *HydrogenSSulfur O *OxygenCa
*Calcium P *PhosphorousFeIron KPotassiumThese are found Na Sodium
Zn - Zinc IIodineIn small amounts Cl Chlorine Mg- Magnesium
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- Compounds Two or more elements that are chemically joined
Examples: H 2 O 2 atoms of Hydrogen and 1 atom of Oxygen
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- Molecule Smallest part of a compound. Example: A cup of water
might have 2,000 molecules of H 2 O Where a drop of water might
have 5 molecules of H 2 O All molecules of water have the same
properties
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- Chemical Formulas Combination of symbols Chemicals are joined
by their outside energy levels Examples: CO 2 Carbon Dioxide NH 3 -
Ammonia C 6 H 12 O 6 - Glucose
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- Organic vs. Inorganic Inorganic Compounds DO NOT contain Carbon
Ammonia NH 3 Chemistry of Carbon video Organic Compounds DO contain
Carbon Carbon Dioxide CO 2
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- 7 Compounds needed for Life CompoundElements CarbohydratesC, H,
O Starch and Sugar are examples Lipids (Fat)C, H, O Fat (solid) and
Oil (liquid) ProteinsC, H, O, N and sometimes S and P Building
blocks = Amino Acids VitaminsC, A, B, D look at your handout
MineralsInorganic compounds needed in small amounts to form body
structures WaterDehydration occurs with loss of water Nucleic
AcidsDNA & RNA- made of C, H, N, P make up the genetic
code
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- Carbohydrates Made up of C, H, O Examples: Starches Sugars
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- Lipids Another name: Fat Made up of C, H, O Examples: Fat Solid
at room temp. Oil Liquid at room temp.
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- Proteins Made up of C, H, O, N and sometimes S and P The
building blocks of Proteins are called Amino Acids
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- Important Jobs of Proteins Build growth and repair body
structures
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- Important Jobs of Proteins Build Hair, Muscles, and other body
parts
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- Important Jobs of Proteins Provide Energy
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- Important Jobs of Proteins Carry Oxygen in Blood
(Hemoglobin)
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- Important Jobs of Proteins Make hormones and fight germs
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- What are enzymes? Special type of protein that regulate
chemical activities in the body. Help to start or stop chemical
reactions in the body Example: Salivary Amylase in your saliva to
break down sugars
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- Vitamin C Helpful for growth and strong gums
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- Vitamin A Needed for tissue and cell maintenance, night vision,
healthy bones, teeth and skin
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- Vitamin B 1 Helpful for red blood cell production, healthy
nervous system, and growth
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- Vitamin D Needed by bones to absorb calcium Maintains strength
in bones and teeth
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- Nucleic Acids DNA Stores and transmits the genetic code of life
RNA Copies and transports the genetic code