Living vs. Non-living vs. Dead DeadNon-LivingLiving Living
organisms that were once alive, but are no longer Not able to do
all of the 8 functions nor were ever alive An organism that is able
to perform ALL 8 functions Example: Roadkill Example: Rock Example:
Plant, Animal, etc.
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8 Functions (in no particular order) Nutrition Secretion
Excretion Movement Reproduction Response Growth Respiration
Slide 5
8 Functions (in no particular order) Nutrition Take in food and
water for energy and growth
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8 Functions (in no particular order) Reproduction Producing
more of its own kind Survival of the species depends on it
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8 Functions (in no particular order) Movement Organism may move
and materials inside also move (transport)
Slide 8
8 Functions (in no particular order) Growth Development and
aging of organisms over time
Slide 9
8 Functions (in no particular order) Excretion Removal of
wastes
Slide 10
8 Functions (in no particular order) Secretion Useful chemicals
made and given off
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8 Functions (in no particular order) Response React to changes
in its surroundings or the environment
Slide 12
8 Functions (in no particular order) Respiration Exchange and
use of gases Especially oxygen and carbon dioxide Helps to release
energy from food
Slide 13
Spontaneous Generation The thought that living things come from
non-living things.
Slide 14
Francesco Redi Italian doctor who challenged the theory of
spontaneous generation
Slide 15
Redis experiment Problem: Where do maggots come from? He
believed maggots come from flies. He took 3 jars of meat...
Slide 16
Redis experiment His first jar of meat had no covering Flies
were seen flying on and near meat Maggots developed on the
meat
Slide 17
Redis Experiment The 2 nd jar of meat had a netting on top.
Flies were observed flying on and near netting Maggots appeared on
the netting.
Slide 18
Redis Experiment The 3 rd jar of meat was sealed. No flies
could get near the meat. No maggots developed
Slide 19
Redis experiment What did Redis experiment show? Maggots do not
come from rotting meat, they come from other flies Disproved
Spontaneous Generation Was his hypothesis correct or
incorrect?
Slide 20
Spallazanis Experiment Test spontaneous generation and kill
microorganisms
Slide 21
Louis Pasteur A French chemist and microbiologist who also
disproved the idea of Spontaneous Generation. Disproved the idea
that microbes grew from organic matter, including things like
juice.
Slide 22
Louis Pasteurs Experiment Where do microbes come from that
cause broth to decay? Believed that microbes come from cells of
organisms in the air, not the air itself. Set up an experiment
using 3 S-shaped jars
Slide 23
Pasteurs experiment Filled the jar with broth The S-shape was
used to try and stop dust particles from entering jar.
Slide 24
Pasteurs experiment He boiled the jars to kill any
microbes
Slide 25
Pasteurs experiment Left the three flasks out in various
locations The broth did not turn cloudy, and no microbes were
present in the broth
Slide 26
Pasteurs Experiment Notice the dust that collected in the neck
of the jar. When the S-shape was broken, Microbes were found
growing in the broth.
Slide 27
Pasteurs Experiment What did Pasteur disprove? Spontaneous
Generation Microbes come from cells in organisms found in the air,
not the air itself. What did Pasteur discover? Pasteurization
Slide 28
Basic Needs of Life MAWS Mineral Air Water Sun
Slide 29
Atom Tiny particles that make up matter or the building blocks
of matter 3 Basic Parts Neutron Proton Electron
Slide 30
Element Matter that is made up of only one kind of atom
Examples: C = Carbon N = Nitrogen Fe = Iron
Slide 31
C. HOPKINS CaFe Elements found in all living things *found in
large amounts C *CarbonN *Nitrogen H *HydrogenSSulfur O *OxygenCa
*Calcium P *PhosphorousFeIron KPotassiumThese are found Na Sodium
Zn - Zinc IIodineIn small amounts Cl Chlorine Mg- Magnesium
Slide 32
Compounds Two or more elements that are chemically joined
Examples: H 2 O 2 atoms of Hydrogen and 1 atom of Oxygen
Slide 33
Molecule Smallest part of a compound. Example: A cup of water
might have 2,000 molecules of H 2 O Where a drop of water might
have 5 molecules of H 2 O All molecules of water have the same
properties
Slide 34
Chemical Formulas Combination of symbols Chemicals are joined
by their outside energy levels Examples: CO 2 Carbon Dioxide NH 3 -
Ammonia C 6 H 12 O 6 - Glucose
Slide 35
Organic vs. Inorganic Inorganic Compounds DO NOT contain Carbon
Ammonia NH 3 Chemistry of Carbon video Organic Compounds DO contain
Carbon Carbon Dioxide CO 2
Slide 36
7 Compounds needed for Life CompoundElements CarbohydratesC, H,
O Starch and Sugar are examples Lipids (Fat)C, H, O Fat (solid) and
Oil (liquid) ProteinsC, H, O, N and sometimes S and P Building
blocks = Amino Acids VitaminsC, A, B, D look at your handout
MineralsInorganic compounds needed in small amounts to form body
structures WaterDehydration occurs with loss of water Nucleic
AcidsDNA & RNA- made of C, H, N, P make up the genetic
code
Slide 37
Carbohydrates Made up of C, H, O Examples: Starches Sugars
Slide 38
Lipids Another name: Fat Made up of C, H, O Examples: Fat Solid
at room temp. Oil Liquid at room temp.
Slide 39
Proteins Made up of C, H, O, N and sometimes S and P The
building blocks of Proteins are called Amino Acids
Slide 40
Important Jobs of Proteins Build growth and repair body
structures
Slide 41
Important Jobs of Proteins Build Hair, Muscles, and other body
parts
Slide 42
Important Jobs of Proteins Provide Energy
Slide 43
Important Jobs of Proteins Carry Oxygen in Blood
(Hemoglobin)
Slide 44
Important Jobs of Proteins Make hormones and fight germs
Slide 45
What are enzymes? Special type of protein that regulate
chemical activities in the body. Help to start or stop chemical
reactions in the body Example: Salivary Amylase in your saliva to
break down sugars
Slide 46
Vitamin C Helpful for growth and strong gums
Slide 47
Vitamin A Needed for tissue and cell maintenance, night vision,
healthy bones, teeth and skin
Slide 48
Vitamin B 1 Helpful for red blood cell production, healthy
nervous system, and growth
Slide 49
Vitamin D Needed by bones to absorb calcium Maintains strength
in bones and teeth
Slide 50
Nucleic Acids DNA Stores and transmits the genetic code of life
RNA Copies and transports the genetic code
