Chapter 38 Fireplace Construction and Layout. 2 Links for Chapter 38 Fireplace Terms Energy...

Chapter 38

Fireplace Construction and Layout

2

Links for Chapter 38

Fireplace Terms

Energy Efficiency

Fireplace Section

Related Web Sites

Fireplace Elevations

3

Fireplace Terms• Fireplace Opening - Area between the side

and top faces of the fireplace– Opening should be 1/30th of a small room area

and 1/65th of a large room area– Ideal size is 36” wide and 26” high

• Hearth - The inner and outer fireplace floor• Ash Dump - Hearth opening for ashes to be

dumped into

4

Fireplace Terms

• Ash Pit - Space below the fireplace where the ashes are stored

• Firebox - Area in which the combustion of the fuel occurs

• Lintel - Reinforced masonry or steel angle that supports the fireplace face

5

Fireplace Terms

• Throat - Opening at the top of the firebox that opens into the chimney– At least 8” above the fireplace opening

– Minimum of 4” in depth

• Damper - Across the throat to prevent heat from leaving when there is no fire

6

Fireplace Terms

• Smoke Chamber - Acts as a funnel between firebox and chimney

• Smoke Shelf - Prevents downdrafts from the chimney into the firebox

• Chimney - Upper extension used to carry off the smoke from the fire

7

Fireplace Terms

• Flue - Opening inside the chimney– Required to be 1/8th or 1/10th of the opening

• Chimney Liner - Built into the chimney to provide a smooth surface to the flue wall and reduce width of the chimney wall

8

Fireplace Terms

• Chimney Cap - Sloping surface at the top of the chimney to prevent water from entering the flue

• Chimney Hood - Covering placed over the flue to protect the flue from the elements

• Spark Arrester - Screen placed at the top of the flue to prevent combustibles from leaving

9

FireplaceTerms

18"MIN.

FIREBRICK LINER

6"

METAL FLASHING

CRICKET

STEEL ANCHOR STRAP

8"

CLAY FLUE LINER

2" MORTAR CAP

4" (100mm) MIN. THICK HEARTH

SMOKE CHAMBER

SMOKE SHELF

CLEAN OUT

LINTEL

THROAT

DAMPER

MORTAR FILL

1 1/2" (40mm) MIN.GROUT BTWN. 4" CMU& FLUE LINER

4" (100mm) CMU IFLINED / 8" (200mm)IF UNLINED

HORIZ. STEEL REINFORCING

2" MIN

ASH DUMP

SPARK ARRESTOR SCREEN

20"

MIN.

VERT. STEEL REINFORCING

10

FireplaceTerms

18"MIN.

FIREBRICK LINER

6"

METAL FLASHING

CRICKET

STEEL ANCHOR STRAP

8"

CLAY FLUE LINER

2" MORTAR CAP

4" (100mm) MIN. THICK HEARTH

SMOKE CHAMBER

SMOKE SHELF

CLEAN OUT

LINTEL

THROAT

DAMPER

MORTAR FILL

1 1/2" (40mm) MIN.GROUT BTWN. 4" CMU& FLUE LINER

4" (100mm) CMU IFLINED / 8" (200mm)IF UNLINED

HORIZ. STEEL REINFORCING

2" MIN

ASH DUMP

SPARK ARRESTOR SCREEN

20"

MIN.

VERT. STEEL REINFORCING

11

Energy-Efficient Fireplace

• Providing Air Supply– Outside air must be provided to the fireplace

or air from the room will leave through the chimney

– Closable vents are commonly used to allow air to enter the fireplace

– Air can also be taken from cold air returns

12

Energy-Efficient Fireplace

• Using Heated Air Efficiently– Locating the chimney inside the structure will

allow for radiant heat after the fire is out

– Increasing the size of the firebox will allow more heat

– Mechanical blowers are designed to pull air from the room and return it warmer

13

Energy-Efficient Fireplace

• Decreasing Chimney Heat Loss– Dampers allow heat to stay in room when

there is no fire

– Doors on the outside of the fireplace reduce the amount of air flow up the chimney

14

Chimney Reinforcement

• At least four vertical 1/2” bars should extend from the foundation to the top of the chimney

• Rebar is added when the vertical steel is bent for a change in the chimney

• Steel anchors connect the fireplace to framing members

15

Drawing the Fireplace Section

• Layout of the Fireplace– Lay out width

– Lay out walls, floors, and ceilings

– Lay out foundation and footing

– Lay out hearth in front of the fireplace

16

Drawing theFireplace Section

STEP 2

STEP 2

STEP 1

STEP 4

STEP 2

STEP 3

17

Drawing the Fireplace Section

• Layout of the Fireplace– Lay out the firebox

– Determine flue opening and liner

– Lay out the flue with line

– Determine height of the chimney

18

Drawing theFireplace Section

STEP 6

STEP 8

(STEP 6 REQUIRESNO DRAWING. SEEFIGURE 38-13 TODETERMINE THEFLUE SIZE).

STEP 7

STEP 5

19

Drawing the Fireplace Section• Drawing with Finished-Quality Lines

– Use bold lines for masonry, flue liner, hearth, and reinforcing steel

– Use thin lines for crosshatching the masonry and firebrick

– Use very bold lines for lintel and damper• Add dimensions and notes to fireplace

20

Drawing theFireplace Section

FIREPLACE SECTION

21

Drawing theFireplace Section

FIREPLACE SECTION

22

Drawing the Fireplace Elevation

• Elevation Layout– Lay out size of wall to contain fireplace

– Lay out width of chimney

– Lay out height and width of raised hearth

– Lay out fireplace opening

23

Drawing the Fireplace Elevation

STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 2

STEP 1

STEP 3

STEP 4

24

Drawing the Fireplace Elevation• A provided sketch will allow the drafter to

know the finishing material for the fireplace• Add dimensions and notes to fireplace

including– Room height– Hearth height– Fireplace opening height and width– Mantel height

25

Drawing the Fireplace Elevation

LIVING ROOM

26

Related Web Sites• Brick Industry Association - www.bia.org• Directory of Fireplace Products -

www.fireplace-stove-insert.com• The Fireplace Centre - www.fireplace-centre

.com• Masonry Advisory Council - www.maconline

.org