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CHALLENGES IN INTEGRATING SR WITH NEW GRID
V.S.VermaMember(CERC)
Indian Power System :
Amongst the Largest in the WorldAmongst the Largest in the World
Spread over 3200 kms from North to South & 2900 kms from East-West
Spread over 3200 kms from North to South & 2900 kms from East-West
Some Typical Numbers … Region = 5
States & UT = 28 State, 7 UT
Installed Capacity > 201 GW
Substation = 3000 ( upto 132kV)
Generating Stations = 657 Nos.( 1257 Gen. units)
Trans. Line = 9350 ( upto 132kV)
Transformers = 2262 Nos.
Voltages = 132kV, 220kV, 400kV,
500kV (HVDC), 765kV,
800kV (HVDC), 1200kV
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
1
2
TWO ELECTRICAL REGIONS w.e.f Aug. 2006
‘NEW’ GRID
HVDC INTERCONNECTS
AC INTERCONNECTS
MAJOR INTERCONNECTIONS
2X500 MW BACK TO BACK STATION AT
GAZUWAKA(SR)
1000 MW BACK TO BACK STATION AT
BHADRAWATI(WR)
TALCHER
KOLAR
TALCHER-II TO KOLAR
2000 MW BIPOLE LINK
www.srldc.org SRLDC
Southern Grid Over View
651(‘000 Sq KM) (19 % of India)
Population 22.5 Crores (22% of India)
Sea Coast Around 4000 KM
I C 53322 MW (28.4 % of India)
IC – 11102
DM – 8549DC – 185
IC – 12922DM – 11972DC – 265
DC – 239
DC – 63
DM – 10856
DM – 3348
IC – 2457
IC – 16021
IC – Installed Capacity in MW
DM – Max Demand Met in MW
DC – Max Daily Consumption in MU
22%
6%
34%
31%
6%
Andhra Pradesh
Consumer Profile
Domestic
CommercialIndustrial
Irrigation
Others
21%
5%
34%
35%
5%
Karnataka
49%
18%
27%
2% 4%
Kerala
25%
10%
38%
20%
7%
Tamil Nadu
SR
IC – 53322DM – 33037DC – 725
Pondy
DM – 320DC – 6.97
SR-WR Synchronisation: A little history 400 kV Ramagundam-Chandrapur line
commissioned in Nov 1990 Radial assistance to SR during April-
May1991 Trial Synchronisation 22nd Sep 1991 Trial synch operation between 8-14 Oct
1991- 150 Hrs- 55 MUs from SR to WR and 0.5 MU from WR to SR
WR was connected to NR through HVDC during that time
SR-WR Synchronisation: A little history Advantages
Frequency stability due to larger inertia of combined grid
Better voltage profileMore reserves for System Operator
IssuesLine loading issues in WRCommunication and co-ordination issuesVisibility issues due to limited telemetryNo firm commercial arrangements in placeRobust 400 kV backbone not in place
SR-NEW Grid Synchronisation: Watch list Load –Generation mismatch and impact on regional line
flows. Seasonal and over-the-day Frequency profile- Behavioral aspects of both Grids- Load
changeovers, pump operation etc Congestion issues in each Grid Co-ordination of defense plans, Special Protection
Schemes deployment. Frequency Response Wide area Visualisation tools- PMU and Applications Integration of Renewables Impact on Transfer Capability
Need for a strong backbone network spanning all Regional Grids
SHORTAGES IN NEW AND SR GRID
Shortages dictate the flow direction on synchronisation. SR would be deficit Region in the near future as planned generation(UMPP, Koodankulam,IPPs) have not materialized. Shortages in SR has shown an increasing trend in the past few years
MISMATCH IN LOAD PATTERN SR, ER and WR peak in March NR typically peaks between June to
August Hydro and Wind generation peaks during
June-October in SR
Dec-June pattern
Jul-Nov pattern
Shortages in NEW and SRTypical day March 15, 2012
SR
NEW
NR, 2112 MW, 40 MU
WR, 5017 MW, 90 MU
ER, 675 MW, 9 MU
NER, 116 MW, 2 MU
7158 MW, 136 MU
Typical day July 15, 2011
NR, 1200 MW, 20 MU
WR, 4375 MW, 58 MU
ER, 975 MW, 12 MU
NER, 283 MW, 2 MU
1950 MW, 36.5 MU
Peak shortage in MW of all regions
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
MW
NR
WR
SR
ER
NER
TOTAL
Shortage in MU of NEW Grid and SR Grid
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
MU NEW GRID
SR
SHORTAGES IN SR SHOW AND INCREASING TREND WHEREAS NEW GRID SHORTAGES SHOW A DECREASING TREND. ON SYNCH FLOW WOULD BE PREDOMINANTLY TOWARDS SR:- NEED FOR A STRONG BACKBONE
FREQUENCY PROFILE NEW AND SR GRID
Frequency profile is another indicator of the Load Generation balance and behaviour of each system. Larger the frequency difference across a seam, more power can be expected to flow.
Frequency Profile NEW and SR 2001-12MAXIMUM, MINIMUM & AVERAGE FREQUENCY PLOT FROM APRIL-01 ONWARDS(Southern Region)
47.5
48.0
48.5
49.0
49.5
50.0
50.5
51.0
51.5A
pr-
01
Ap
r-0
2
Ap
r-0
3
Ma
r-0
4
Ma
r-0
5
Ma
r-0
6
Ma
r-0
7
Ma
r-0
8
Ma
r-0
9
Ma
r-1
0
Ma
r-1
1
Ma
r-1
2
DAY ---->
FR
EQ
UE
NC
Y I
N H
Z -
-->
MAXIMUM MINIMUM AVERAGE
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Date -->
Hz -
->
MAXIMUM MINIMUM
Frequency profile of NEW Grid
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1001-
Apr-
2009
21-M
ay-2
009
10-J
ul-2
009
29-A
ug-2
009
18-O
ct-2
009
7-D
ec-2
009
26-J
an-2
010
17-M
ar-2
010
6-M
ay-2
010
25-J
un-2
010
14-A
ug-2
010
3-O
ct-2
010
22-N
ov-2
010
11-J
an-2
011
2-M
ar-2
011
21-A
pr-2
011
10-J
un-2
011
30-J
ul-2
011
18-S
ep-2
011
7-N
ov-2
011
27-D
ec-2
011
15-F
eb-2
012
5-Ap
r-20
12
% o
f tim
e <4
9.2
Hz
48.00
48.50
49.00
49.50
50.00
50.50
51.00
Min
Fre
quen
cy d
urin
g th
e da
y
% of time
Min freq
Frequency profile of SR Grid
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
701-
Apr-
2009
21-M
ay-2
009
10-J
ul-2
009
29-A
ug-2
009
18-O
ct-2
009
7-D
ec-2
009
26-J
an-2
010
17-M
ar-2
010
6-M
ay-2
010
25-J
un-2
010
14-A
ug-2
010
3-O
ct-2
010
22-N
ov-2
010
11-J
an-2
011
2-M
ar-2
011
21-A
pr-2
011
10-J
un-2
011
30-J
ul-2
011
18-S
ep-2
011
7-N
ov-2
011
27-D
ec-2
011
15-F
eb-2
012
5-Ap
r-20
12
% o
f Tim
e <4
9.2
Hz
48.00
48.50
49.00
49.50
50.00
50.50
51.00
Min
Fre
quen
cy d
urin
g th
e da
y
% of time
Min freq
Day wise Minimum Frequency profile of SR and NEW Grid
48.00
48.20
48.40
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
1-Ap
r-20
09
21-M
ay-2
009
10-Ju
l-200
9
29-A
ug-2
009
18-O
ct-2
009
7-De
c-20
09
26-Ja
n-20
10
17-M
ar-2
010
6-M
ay-2
010
25-Ju
n-20
10
14-A
ug-2
010
3-Oc
t-20
10
22-N
ov-2
010
11-Ja
n-20
11
2-M
ar-2
011
21-A
pr-2
011
10-Ju
n-20
11
30-Ju
l-201
1
18-S
ep-2
011
7-No
v-20
11
27-D
ec-2
011
15-F
eb-2
012
5-Ap
r-20
12
% o
f Tim
e <4
9.2
Hz
NEW grid
Day wise Minimum Frequency profile of SR and NEW Grid
48.00
48.20
48.40
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
1-Ap
r-20
09
21-M
ay-2
009
10-Ju
l-200
9
29-A
ug-2
009
18-O
ct-2
009
7-De
c-20
09
26-Ja
n-20
10
17-M
ar-2
010
6-M
ay-2
010
25-Ju
n-20
10
14-A
ug-2
010
3-Oc
t-20
10
22-N
ov-2
010
11-Ja
n-20
11
2-M
ar-2
011
21-A
pr-2
011
10-Ju
n-20
11
30-Ju
l-201
1
18-S
ep-2
011
7-No
v-20
11
27-D
ec-2
011
15-F
eb-2
012
5-Ap
r-20
12
% o
f Tim
e <4
9.2
Hz
NEW grid
RAPID GROWTH IN RENEWABLES
The growth of wind and solar would be very high in South. This would add to the uncertainity as well as Transmission requirement. High wind often co-incides with high hydro generation in SR which may cause bottlenecksA strong transmission backbone would be a necessity to accommodate these levels of uncertainity and co-incidental generation
GROWTH IN INSTALLED CAPACITY OF WIND IN SR
Source:http://www.inwea.org/
Tamilnadu - 6953.09 MW Andhra Pradesh - 189.74 MW Karntaka - 1726.95 MW Kerala - 34.8 MW
Tamilnadu - 6953.09 MW Andhra Pradesh - 189.74 MW Karntaka - 1726.95 MW Kerala - 34.8 MW
Installed Capacity of WIND in SR as on 31st March 2012:HIGH GROWTH IN RENEWABLES IN SR EXPECTED IN THE FUTURE ALSO. THIS ADDS TO THE UNCERTAINITY IN LOAD GENERATION BALANCE AND INCREASES THE NEED FOR RESERVES.
WIND GENERATION OF TAMILNADU
Peak of Wind generation in Tamilnadu touched 3820 MW on 30.05.2012 at 00:42 HrsTN MET NEARLY 40% OF DEMAND THROUGH WIND
WIND GENERATION OF KARNATAKA FROM 27.05.2012 TO 30.05.2012
CO-ORDINATION OF DEFENSE PLANS
Defense plans in each grid needs to be co-ordinated to act synergistically. For example, consider a large outage in SR and consequential frequency dip. If UFR throws off load in NEW Grid, the problem could worsen dramatically.SPS, Islanding schemes may have to be deployed to contain cascade trippings as the entire country would be in one grid
Grid Defense Plans: Settings
ALL DEFENCE PLANS IN REGIONS HAVE TO BE CO-ORDINATED
AUFR settings :Stage-I Stage-II Stage-III
NR 48.8 Hz 48.6 Hz 48.2 HzWR 48.8 Hz 48.6 Hz 48.2 HzER 48.5 Hz 48.2 Hz 48.0 Hz
NER 48.8 Hz 48.5 Hz 48.2 HzSR 48.8 Hz 48.5 Hz 48.2 Hz
ER CONSTITUENTS HAVE ALSO AGREED TO BRING UP THE SETTINGS
Special Protection Schemes in SR
Commissioned
Proposed. Yet to be Commissioned
To be proposed
• VOLTAGES:- Pockets of extreme high(Vemagiri complex) and low(Chennai and Bangalore) voltages needs to be addressed immediately or they may constrain import/export capability
• VISUALISATION:- The Operator would now be exposed to a larger Grid and more incidental network flows. Advance technology like PMU with its applications need to be in place.
• PLANNING: Better planning/forecasting by each control area (esp. of RE Generation) – dependence on UI to be minimised
Typical flow directions in SR
NARENDRA
MAHABOOB NAGAR
CHITTOOR
VIJAYAWADA
GAZUWAKA
GHANAPUR
RAICHUR
GOOTY
SALEM
UDUMALPET
TRICHUR
MADURAI
TRICHY
SRIPERUMBUDUR
NEYVELI
GUTTUR
KAIGA
RSTPP
BHADRAVATI
MUNIRABAD
P
P
P
P
P
KOLAR
TALCHER
JEYPORE
HOSUR
SSLMM
MMDP
TRIVANDRUM
NELLORE
KALPAKKA
SIMHADRI
HIRIYUR
TALGUPPA
KADAPA
NEYVELI TPS – 1 (EXP)
HOODY
KURNOOL
KHAMMAM
N’SAGAR
ALMATHY
MYSORE
NELAMANGALA
SOMANAHALLIKALAVINDAPATTU
TIRUNELVELI
DITCHIPALLY
PUGALUR
GAJWEL
BTPS
WARANGAL
Highly loaded
Medium loaded
Lightly loaded
VOLTAGE CONSTRAINTS
LINE LOADING / ANGULAR
CONSTRAINTS
LINE LOADING CONSTRAINTS EVACUATION
CONSTRAINTS
The road ahead
765 kV Interconnects between SR-NEW Grids would be in place by early 2014. With the 765 kV backbone network in place in SR and the high power corridor spanning WR-ER-NR, the network would be robustly tied.
Kudankulam Nuclear TPS(2x1000MW)-U1-Nov-12
U2-6months after Unit1
Neyveli TS2 Exp(2x250MW)U#1- Dec-2012U#2-March-2013
Vallur TPS(3x500MW)U1-Aug-12, U2-Feb-13,U3-Sep-13)
Mettur Stage-3 TPS(600MW)First Sync. Done On 4th may 2012
Vijayawada
Nellore
TiruvalamSomanahalli
Hosur
Salem
Nellore pooling stationGooty
N’Sagar
KarnoolRaichur
Sholapur
Madugiri
Vemagiri Pooling station
Khammam
Hyderabad
Warda
TPCIL
Planned Transmission system to relieve congestion in SR
Major Generation to be expected near Future
Simhapuri (U1-1x150MW –COD doneU2-1x150 MW-June-12)
North Chennai TPS(2x600MW)
MeenakshiU1-1x150MW –June-12
765 kV Backbone
network in SR
PAN INDIA PMU SPREAD ( 53 PMUs)
AFTER COMPLETION OF ALL PILOT PROJECTS
In addition, the URTDSM project of POWERGRID would
add another 1186 PMUs to the system)
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