CARTOGRAFÍAS DE ECONOMÍAS INVISIBLES · 2018-12-06 · Comunidades emprendedoras, creativas y...

CARTOGRAFÍAS DE ECONOMÍAS INVISIBLES:un enfoque etnográfico a emprendimientos en

un barrio periférico de londres

Ignacio Uliarte P. | d.uliarte@udd.cl

LSE Cities / Docente Ciudad y Territorio Universidad del DesarrolloMSc. City Design and Social Science. London School of EconomicsArq. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

XV Seminario Internacional de la Red Iberoamericana de Investigadores sobre Globalización y Territorio (RII)Crisis y desigualdad: impactos urbanos y territoriales en Iberoamérica. Santiago de Chile, 2018.

CARTOGRAFÍAS DE ECONOMÍAS INVISIBLES:un enfoque etnográfico a emprendimientos en

un barrio periférico de londres

INTRODUCCIÓN MERCADO LABORAL POST 2008 | EMPLEO INDEPENDIENTE | NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍASCASO DE ESTUDIO THAMESMEADMETODOLOGÍA CARTOGRAFÍAS | DATOS CENSALES | ENTREVISTAS SEMI-ESTRUCTURADASCONCLUSIONES

2008 |

nuevas estructuras económicas urbanas

composición / relación con la forma construida

(Glaeser, 2012; Katz, 2013; Cohen and Muñoz, 2016; McWilliams, 2016; Sundararajan, 2016)

reducción en la oferta de trabajo formal en los centros urbanos

casualización global de la fuerza de trabajo

(Sundararajan, 2016)

incremento en empleo independiente, part-time, emprendimientos

(Harvey, 1990; Parker, 2001; Thurik, 2009; Bryce, 2017)

Autoempleo |

intensificación de la competencia global, y fragmentación de los mercados

(Thurick, 2009)

politicias públicas para disminuir el desempleo y promotores de innovación

(Birch, 1979; Birley, 1979; Reynolds, 1987 cited in Alvarez & Barney, 2000; Zoltan, Audretshand Storm, 2009)

emprendimiento vs trabajo independiente

(Baumol & Schilling, 2008; Henrekson & Sanandaji, 2014)

nuevas tecnologías |

nuevas plataformas y economías colaborativas aumentan la

flexibilidad y derriban barreras para iniciar emprendimientos

(Parker, 2001; Oackley, 2014; Sundajaran, 2016)

“economic space as the product of the differentiated and

intersecting social relationships of economy”.

“espacio económico” como escenario relacional, donde los

diferentes elementos que constituyen el trabajo, se relaciona

(o no) entre sí vinculando su constitución mutua, emerge

con más relevancia frente a La presencia de nuevos patrones de

empleo.

(Massey, 1995)

+ 500 hectáreas

+ 60.000 residentes

CÓMO ES EL PAISAJE ECONÓMICO DE

THAMESMEAD? DEFINICIONES A TRAVÉS DE

SU ECONOMÍA LOCAL Y TENDENCIAS DE

EMPLEO.

En el contexto de las grandes transformaciones que sufrirá el área, la investigaciónbusca entender el paisaje económico existente, y las oportunidades para un futurodesarrollo sustentable.

Observación EtnográficaCartografíasDatos CensalesEntrevistas Semi-Estructuradas

01. CARTOGRAFÍAS Y OBSERVACIÓN ETNOGRÁFICA

F&A Book KeepingAccounting Services

Jenny’s Dog GroomingPet Grooming Services

Julius’ LodgeHotel

(1) Source: Author

Community Centres - ChurchesSchools

Industrial EstatesAmazon + Ocado

HM PrisonBelmarsh

Crossness Sewage Treatment Works

?

?

(1) Source: Author

Store Front EconomiesMedical Services

(1) Source: Author

Non Store Economies

(1) Source: Author

HM PrisonBelmarsh

Crossness Sewage Treatment Works

?

?

02. PERFILES SOCIO-DEMOGRÁFICOS

GREENWICH 003

GREENWICH 001

GREENWICH 002

BEXLEY 001

BEXLEY 002

(1) Source: Author

LONDON 10 KM

THAMESMEAD 14 KM

15 km 10 km 5 km 1km

CITY OF LONDON

*

ealing

*

30 km 20 km

Outside Thamesmead64.0%

No Fixed Place16.0%

At home / From home9.8%

In Thamesmead10.2%

(1) Source: Author, from UCL

http://commute.datashine.org.uk/#mode=allflows&direction=both&msoa=E02000315&zoom=14&lon=0.1171&lat=51.4869

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Managers, Directorsand Senior Officials

Process; Plant andMachine Operatives

Skilled TradesOccupations

Sales and CustomerService Occupations

AssociateProfessional and

TechnicalOccupations

Administrative andSecretarial

Occupations

Caring, Leisure andOther ServiceOccupations

ProfessionalOccupations

ElementaryOccupations

Occupancy share, 2011

Thamesmead London Region

-30%

0%

30%

60%

90%

120%

150%

180%

Managers,Directors and

Senior Officials

AdministrativeOccupations

AssociateProfessionals and

Technicians

Skilled Trades Plant andMachine

Operatives

ElementaryOccupations

Sales andCustomerServices

Caring, Leisureand OtherServices

ProfessionalOccupations

Thamesmead London Region

% African Migrants

x3

THAMESMEAD LONDON

Self-employed 96% 12%

unemployed 61% 5%

PART-TIME 77% 11%

FULL-TIME 36% 40%

*2001 - 2011

Growing number of professionals, with a higher level of knowledge and skills

low-skilled employment opportunities

Increasing share of self employment

Immigration rates

Disadvantage (Fairlie & Meyer, 1994) & Enclave Theory (Borjas, 1986)

03. ENTREVISTAS SEMI-ESTRUCTURADAS

SEMI STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS

SOLIDUS

SECURITY

JULIUS

LODGE

NATALIE'S

WORLD

ENTERTAINMENT

NG

NETWORK

CONSULTANCY

TEE BREAK LEAMAR

ASSOCIATES

PERSONAL

TRAINER

Oduduwa

talking

drumers

Trailes

upholstery

SPACE NEEDS

MENTORING AND NETWORKING

£ FINANCE

Support it is not use

Interaction / social capital

institutions

community

businesses

$

support

network

How enhances those interactions?

Mutualismo – Captial Social.Comunidades emprendedoras, creativas y prosperas, sustentadas en su informalidad.

La informalidad del espacio les permite llegar a esferas formales del consumo.

¿Cómo escalar esto a Thamesmead?Permitir un nivel de informalidad para mejorar la comunidad.

Flexibilidad para apoyar a las empresas a adaptarse a las necesidades de la comunidad.

conclusiones

This study examines the less visible economic activity throughout Thamesmead. This analysis foundthat Thamesmead has the highest concentration of African migrants in London, coupled with highlevels of achievement in education and an increasing number of professionals. Despite this, mostemployment opportunities are low-skilled with big-box employers along the peripheries ofThamesmead, with commercial spaces few and far in between. Furthermore, this paper referencesenclave theory that observes a correlation between immigrant enclaves and an increasedentrepreneurial spirit.

the research conveyed a disconnect between infrastructure and the community it is meantto serve. Conversations with self-employed resident’s in Thamesmead highlighted the majorchallenge to find suitable space, funding and support for their business endeavours. Although thereare institutions that offer business support and shared temporary commercial space, local businessowners lack knowledge, awareness and access to existing supportive local institutions and socialInfrastructure.

In planning new urban, social, and political interventions within Thamesmead, the Councils,community members and other institutions must take into consideration the existing socio-economic

and cultural landscape. Only with a comprehensive understanding of the landscape will theseorganizations be able to reveal the community’s true values and begin to accurately identify the

support and access required for the area to be successful. The above is relevant in the currentsituation of the neighbourhood, new transport Infrastructure and Peabody redevelopment of the

area can play an important role in the success of those invisible businesses.

Peabody needs to design the built environment as well as supportive services to meet thecharacteristics produced by the socio-economic, political and demographic reality of Thamesmead.

It is important that in planning new housing and commercial areas, Peabody acknowledges theshifting characteristics of the employment as development rather than ‘more of the same’.

CARTOGRAFÍAS DE ECONOMÍAS INVISIBLES:

un enfoque etnográfico a emprendimientos en

un barrio periférico de londres

Ignacio Uliarte P. | d.uliarte@udd.cl

Docente Ciudad y Territorio Universidad del DesarrolloMSc. City Design and Social Science. London School of EconomicsArq. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

XV Seminario Internacional de la Red Iberoamericana de Investigadores sobre Globalización y Territorio (RII)Crisis y desigualdad: impactos urbanos y territoriales en Iberoamérica. Santiago de Chile, 2018.