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CACAO
ROADMAP
Republic of the PhilippinesDepartment of AgricultureRegional Field Unit XII
Commodity Name: Cacao
Scientific Name: Theobroma cacao
Local Names: Kakaw
Varieties:
NSIC approved clones are the following:
• BR 25 • K 1
• K 2 • UIT 1
• ICS 40 • UF 18
• S 5 • K 4
• zK 9
Agro Climatic Requirements of CacaoClimatic Requirement
Ideal rainfall for cacao cultivation ranges from 1250 to 3000 mm per annum, preferably 1500-2000 mm with dry season of not more than 3 months.
Temperature ideal for cacao lies between a mean maximum of 30-32°C and mean minimum of 18°C.
Altitude of the area should lie between 300-1200 meters above sea level. Suitable temperature is generally found in an altitude up to 700 m.
Cacao thrives best in areas under Type IV climate which has an evenly distributed rainfall
Soil Requirement
Best soil is made-up of aggregated clay or loamy sand with 50% sand, 30-40% clay, and 10-20% silt.
Deep soil, about 150 cm, highly favors the growth of cacao.
pH = 5.0 to 6.5
PLANTING AND HARVESTING SCHEDULES
PLANTING (transplanting at 5-6 months old)
BLOOMING(4-5 yrs. Old Bearing Tree
HARVESTING
July-October January-May April-August
January-May May-June August-October
HISTORICAL DATA
YEAR PRODUCTION (mt) AREA HARVESTED (ha/s)
YIELD (mt/ha)
2001 128 230 0.56
2002 126 234 0.54
2003 122 221 0.55
2004 112 182 0.62
2005 106 172 0.62
2006 98 159 0.62
2007 86 143 0.60
2008 83 137 0.61
2009 79 133 0.59
2010 72 130 0.55
2011 73 134 0.54
P 2012 P 73 P 161 P 0.45
Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS)P – Preliminary Data
Volume of
Production – 27.83 mt
Area – 80.00 hasVolume of
Production – 28.75 mt
Area – 41.00 has
Volume of
Production – 13.34 mt
Area – 24.00 has
Volume of
Production – 4.05 mt
Area – 16.00 has
2007-2012 By Province (Production and
Area) in Region XII
Province Volume of Production (metric tons)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
North Cotabato
15.10 13.29 11.78 10.11 10.61 13.34
Sarangani 37.25 36.43 34.90 32.22 30.35 28.75
South Cotabato
27.84 27.90 27.73 26.27 27.58 27.83
Sultan Kudarat
5.98 5.54 4.97 4.76 4.17 4.05
Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS)
Province Area Planted/Harvested (hectares)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
North Cotabato
20.00 15.00 12.00 12.00 11.00 24.00
Sarangani 51.00 50.00 48.00 45.00 42.00 41.00
South Cotabato
51.00 51.00 55.00 55.00 65.00 80.00
Sultan Kudarat
21.00 21.00 18.00 18.00 16.00 16.00
2007-2012 By Province (Production
and Area) in Region XII
Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS)
2007-2012 Area, Production and Yield of Major Producing Regions in
the Philippines
YEAR
DAVAO REGION NORTHERN MINDANAO
AREA (HA) VOLUME (MT)YIELD
(MT/HA)AREA (HA) VOLUME (MT)
YIELD (MT/HA)
2007 5,011.00 3,475.90 0.69 975.00 548.50 0.56
2008 4,945.00 3,469.67 0.70 941.00 550.88 0.58
2009 4,945.00 3,509.89 0.71 937.00 561.58 0.60
2010 4,958.00 3,506.33 0.71 927.00 554.52 0.60
2011 5,226.00 3,617.11 0.69 877.00 396.07 0.45
2012 5,151.00 3,762.89 0.73 877.00 220.94 0.25
YEAR
EASTERN VISAYAS ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
AREA (HA) VOLUME (MT)YIELD
(MT/HA)AREA (HA) VOLUME (MT)
YIELD (MT/HA)
2007 397.00 131.22 0.33 604.00 141.69 0.23
2008 395.00 129.03 0.33 527.00 135.29 0.26
2009 379.00 127.33 0.33 446.00 132.43 0.30
2010 361.80 122.03 0.34 425.00 121.63 0.29
2011 338.78 116.60 0.34 394.00 112.37 0.28
2012 333.80 114.44 0.34 359.00 115.24 0.32
CY 2011 TOP (5) FIVE PRODUCING PROVINCES
REGION PROVINCE VOLUME (mt) AREA (ha) YIELD (mt/ha)
DAVAO REGION
Davao del Sur 1,680.79 1385 1.21
Davao City 883.52 1,332 0.66
Davao Oriental 506.16 842 0.60
Davao del Norte 342.00 932 0.37
NORTHERN MINDANAO
Bukidnon 310.00 400 0.77
Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS)
TREND OF LOCAL PRICES
CACAO, DRY BEANS (pesos per kilograms)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
52.57 56.33 37.46 58.07 75.18
Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS)
UTILIZATION
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Per Capita Consumption (kg/year)
0.06 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.07
Seeds (mt) .. .. .. .. ..
Feeds and Waste (mt) .. .. .. .. ..
Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS)
EXPORTS
YEAR 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
CACAO
Volume (mt) 75 103 13 181 124
Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS)
YEAR 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
CACAO
Volume (mt) 77 141 2,122 2,723 2,022
IMPORTS
Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS)
77 10 9,874 19,737 29,601 39,465 49,329 59,192 69,056 78,920 88,783 98,647 108,511 118,375 128,238 138,102 147,966 157,830 167,693 177,557 187,421 197,284 207,148 217,012 226,876 236,739 246,603 256,467 266,330 276,194 286,058 295,922 305,785 315,649 325,513 335,377 345,240 355,104 364,968 374,831 384,695 394,559 404,423 414,286 424,150 434,014 443,877 453,741 463,605 473,469 483,332 493,196 503,060 512,923 522,787 532,651 542,515 552,378 562,242 572,106 581,970 591,833 601,697 611,561 621,424 631,288 641,152 651,016 660,879 670,743 680,607 690,470 700,334 710,198 720,062 729,925 739,789 749,653 759,517 769,380 779,244 789,108 798,971 808,835 818,699 828,563 838,426 848,290 858,154 868,017 877,881 887,745 897,609 907,472 917,336 927,200 937,063 946,927 956,791 966,655 976,518 986,382 996,246 1,006,110 1,015,973 1,025,837 1,035,701 1,045,564 1,055,428 1,065,292 1,075,156 1,085,019 1,094,883 1,104,747 1,114,610 1,124,474 1,134,338 1,144,202 1,154,065 1,163,929 1,173,793 1,183,657 1,193,520 1,203,384 1,213,248 1,223,111 1,232,975 1,242,839 1,252,703 1,262,566 1,272,430 1,282,294 1,292,157 1,302,021 1,311,885 1,321,749 1,331,612 1,341,476 1,351,340 1,361,203 1,371,067 1,380,931 1,390,795 1,400,658 1,410,522 1,420,386 1,430,250 1,440,113 1,449,977 1,459,841 1,469,704 1,479,568 1,489,432 1,499,296 1,509,159 1,519,023 1,528,887 1,538,750 1,548,614 1,558,478 1,568,342 1,578,205 1,588,069 1,597,933 1,607,797 1,617,660 1,627,524 1,637,388 1,647,251 1,657,115 1,666,979 1,676,843 1,686,706 1,696,570 1,706,434 1,716,297 1,726,161 1,736,025 1,745,889 1,755,752 1,765,616 1,775,480 1,785,344 1,795,207 1,805,071 1,814,935 1,824,798 1,834,662 1,844,526 1,854,390 1,864,253 1,874,117 1,883,981 1,893,844 1,903,708 1,913,572 1,923,436 1,933,299 1,943,163 1,953,027 1,962,890 1,972,754 1,982,618 1,992,482 2,002,345 2,012,209 2,022,073 2,031,937 2,041,800 2,051,664 2,061,528 2,071,391 2,081,255 2,091,119 2,100,983 2,110,846 2,120,710 2,130,574 2,140,437 2,150,301 2,160,165 2,170,029 2,179,892 2,189,756 2,199,620 2,209,484 2,219,347 2,229,211 2,239,075 2,248,938 2,258,802 2,268,666 2,278,530 2,288,393 2,298,257 2,308,121 2,317,984 2,327,848 2,337,712 2,347,576 2,357,439 2,367,303 2,377,167 2,387,030 2,396,894 2,406,758 2,416,622 2,426,485 2,436,349 2,446,213 2,456,077 2,465,940 2,475,804 2,485,668 2,495,531 2,505,395 2,515,259 2,525,123 2,534,986 2,544,850 2,554,714 2,564,577 2,574,441 2,584,305 2,594,169 2,604,032 2,613,896 2,623,760 2,633,624 2,643,487 2,653,351 2,663,215 2,673,078 2,682,942 2,692,806 2,702,670 2,712,533 2,722,397 2,732,261 2,742,124 2,751,988 2,761,852 2,771,716 2,781,579 2,791,443 2,801,307 2,811,170 2,821,034 2,830,898 2,840,762 2,850,625 2,860,489 2,870,353 2,880,217 2,890,080 2,899,944 2,909,808 2,919,671 2,929,535 2,939,399 2,949,263 2,959,126 2,968,990 2,978,854 2,988,717 2,998,581 3,008,445 3,018,309 3,028,172 3,038,036 3,047,900 3,057,764 3,067,627 3,077,491 3,087,355 3,097,218 3,107,082 3,116,946 3,126,810 3,136,673 3,146,537 3,156,401 3,166,264 3,176,128 3,185,992 3,195,856 3,205,719 3,215,583 3,225,447 3,235,310 3,245,174 3,255,038 3,264,902 3,274,765 3,284,629 3,294,493 3,304,357 3,314,220 3,324,084 3,333,948 3,343,811 3,353,675 3,363,539 3,373,403 3,383,266 3,393,130 3,402,994 3,412,857 3,422,721 3,432,585 3,442,449 3,452,312 3,462,176 3,472,040 3,481,904 3,491,767 3,501,631 3,511,495 3,521,358 3,531,222 3,541,086 3,550,950 3,560,813 3,570,677 3,580,541 3,590,404 3,600,268 3,610,132 3,619,996 3,629,859 3,639,723 3,649,587 3,659,450 3,669,314 3,679,178 3,689,042 3,698,905 3,708,769 3,718,633 3,728,497 3,738,360 3,748,224 3,758,088 3,767,951 3,777,815 3,787,679 3,797,543 3,807,406 3,817,270 3,827,134 3,836,997 3,846,861 3,856,725 3,866,589 3,876,452 3,886,316 3,896,180 3,906,044 3,915,907 3,925,771 3,935,635 3,945,498 3,955,362 3,965,226 3,975,090 3,984,953 3,994,817 4,004,681 4,014,544 4,024,408 4,034,272 4,044,136 4,053,999 4,063,863 4,073,727 4,083,590 4,093,454 4,103,318 4,113,182 4,123,045 4,132,909 4,142,773 4,152,637 4,162,500 4,172,364 4,182,228 4,192,091 4,201,955 4,211,819 4,221,683 4,231,546 4,241,410 4,251,274 4,261,137 4,271,001 4,280,865 4,290,729 4,300,592 4,310,456 4,320,320 4,330,184 4,340,047 4,349,911 4,359,775 4,369,638 4,379,502 4,389,366 4,399,230 4,409,093 4,418,957 4,428,821 4,438,684 4,448,548 4,458,412 4,468,276 4,478,139 4,488,003 4,497,867 4,507,730 4,517,594 4,527,458 4,537,322 4,547,185 4,557,049 4,566,913 4,576,777 4,586,640 4,596,504 4,606,368 4,616,231 4,626,095 4,635,959 4,645,823 4,655,686 4,665,550 4,675,414 4,685,277 4,695,141 4,705,005 4,714,869 4,724,732 4,734,596 4,744,460 4,754,324 4,764,187 4,774,051 4,783,915 4,793,778 4,803,642 4,813,506 4,823,370 4,833,233 4,843,097 4,852,961 4,862,824 4,872,688 4,882,552 4,892,416 4,902,279 4,912,143 4,922,007 4,931,871
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Cacao (volume in mt)
EXPORT IMPORT
2,022
124181
2,723
EXPORTS vs IMPORTS
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH WEAKNESS
Good agro-climatic endowment Availability of areas for
expansion under monocropping or intercropping of coconuts.
Can be grown organically Suitable soil and climatic
conditions Access to technology (but not
widespread).
Poor cultural management followed by growers
Prevalence of pests and diseases among smallholders.
Lack information on pre – and –post harvest technologies
Poor bean quality
Lack of marketing promotions in other countries
Lack of quality standards Lack of marketing strategies
OPPORTUNITY THREAT
Increase demand in the local and international market
Growing domestic market; the country is an importer.
Good crop for inter-cropping of coconuts.
Potentials for exports in the long-run.
High income crop if productive capacity is attained.
Non-perishable after processing.
High-yielding clones are available in the country.
Virus diseases and insect pest Land use/conversion Occasional risks due to adverse
climatic disturbances Weakening economic conditions of
the country Decline in production and area. Substitution of low quality cocoa
butter with vegetable oils in some applications.
VISION
An internationally competitive producer and
exporter of a quality cacao beans and other
cacao bean product.
MISSION
Produce and sustain a globally competitive
quality cacao beans & other cacao bean
products.
GOALS/OBJECTIVES
Provide good quality and globally
competitive production and support
services to cacao growers to enhance
their competitiveness and sustainability.
Ensure and promote their marketing
strategies and develop their pre and post
harvest facilities.
YEAR
TOTAL DEMAND
CONSUMPTION
TOTALPER CAPITA(KG/YR)
POPULATION TOTAL CONS. (MT)
2012 0.07 96,500,000 6,755 6,755
2013 0.08 98,352,800 7,868 7,868
2014 0.09 100,241,174 9,021 9,021
2015 0.10 102,165,804 10,216 10,216
2016 0.11 104,127,388 11,454 11,454
LOCAL DEMAND PROJECTIONS
• Per Capita = increase by 10% per year (based on the average growth rate for the last 5 years)• Population = increase by 1.90% per year (based on the average growth rate for the last 5 years)
SUPPORT SERVICES NEEDED FROM THE GOVERNMENT
Seedlings subsidy Development of nurseries for good clones from local and external sources
Small-scale irrigation facilities and farm equipment Installation and construction of a small scale irrigation facilities such as SFR
and Spring Depth Provision of Farm Equipments
Export market Promote good quality and globally competitive cacao beans
Crop insurance Access newer good clones from other countries (i.e. Malaysia and
Indonesia) Postharvest facilities
Establishment of cacao dryer and cacao fermentation tank Processing Facility (Tablea maker)
Research on variety trials for promising cacao varietiesthe government must provide
adequate resources for research, production, and extension to smallholders which are the main players incacao growing.
WFP 2011 - 2017
Comm
odity
2011 2012 2013 2014
Physical
(MT)
Financ
ial
(‘000)
Physica
l (MT)
Financ
ial
(‘000)
Physica
l (MT)
Financi
al
(‘000)
Physical
(MT)
Financial
(‘000)
Cacao 72.71 3,501 74 3,031 78 3,261 82 12,439
2015 2016 2017
Physical
(MT)
Financial
(‘000)
Physical
(MT)
Financi
al (‘000)
Physical
(MT)
Financial
(‘000)
Cacao 86 24,878 90 22,390 94 20,151
STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES
PRODUCTION SUPPORT
Availability of quality planting materials Propagate true-to-type, more uniform growth, early to bear flowers,
and the clone perpetuates most if not all important characters of the original seedling
Facilities for organic fertilizer production Introduce organic fertilizers and pesticides Export Market Meet the quality standard of the world market Crop Insurance Development of nurseries for good clones from local and external
sources Postharvest Facilities Introduce new post harvest facilities Research on variety trials for promising cacao varietiesProvide adequate funds for R and D and extension programs, including trainings;Allow joint research between private companies and state universities
MARKETING SUPPORT
Marketing assistance
Development of suppliers and buyers guide
OTHER INFRA AND POSTHARVEST SUPPORT
Storage facilities
EXTENSION SUPPORT
Conduct of training on updated production technology and seed production
Organization and/or strengthening of farmer organizations
Thank you
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