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Building the Tree of Life
Many species didn’t _________ Linnaeus’s
2 kingdoms…{Plantae, Animalia}
fit
A mushroom didn’t move
and eat like an animal, but it
wasn’t green and perform
photosynthesis like a plant.
Building the Tree of Life
Late 1800’s…3 kingdoms {Protista,
Plantae, Animalia}
Mid 1900’s…5 kingdoms {Monera, Protista, Fungi,
Plantae, Animalia}
Current system as of 1990’s…
6 kingdoms
Building the Tree of Life
6 kingdoms {Archaebacteria, Eubacteria,
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia}
Building the Tree of Life
Domains – Most recent taxon and higher than
___________ (added in 1990 by Carl Woese, et. al.
at the University of Illinois)
Based on rRNA studies that
showed three distinct
differences, thus three
domains of Bacteria, Archaea
and Eukarya were created
kingdom
Building the Tree of Life
Domains – Originally the Domain
Archaea was thought to be the most
ancient of bacteria, but now the Domain
Bacteria is believed to have come first
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Domain Bacteria has 1 Kingdom
Bacteria
_____________ (true bacteria)
Salmonella typhimurium
invading skin cells
Eubacteria
Unicellular – one cell
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Prokaryotic – no membrane bound organelles
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Cell Wall – thick, rigid cell wall around membrane,
made of peptidoglycan for structural support
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Peptidoglycan found in the cell wall
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
heterotrophic autotrophic
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
autotrophic (photosynthetic or chemosynthetic) or
heterotrophic
Bacterium
with flagella
•common bacteria that live around us, free-living soil to deadly
parasites
Legionnaires
Disease
Lyme Disease E. coli – food
poisoning Pneumonia
bacteria
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Lactobacillus
acidophilus in Yogurt
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Domain Archaea has 1 Kingdom
Archaea
_____________ (ancient bacteria)
Sulfolobus
Archaebacteria
Unicellular – one cell
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic – no membrane bound organelles
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
autotrophic or heterotrophic
autotrophic
(make their own food) heterotrophic
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Cell Wall – structure around the cell membrane for support
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
No Peptidoglycan, but membranes contain unusual lipids
not found in any other organisms
Archaebacteria
other bacteria
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Archaebacteria live in harshest, extreme
environments.
some can live in a
geyser (hot springs)
Some live in a
volcanic vent
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Some live in a
brine pools of high
salt conc.
Some live in a
organic mud
Some survive in the absence of oxygen
methanogen
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Domain _________ has 4 Kingdoms
Eukarya
Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Eukarya
_____________ – one cell
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
Paramecium
Unicellular
eukaryotic – membrane bound organelles
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
some are plant-like – autotrophic
(photosynthetic)
Two species of algae (protists).
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
some are animal-like - heterotrophic
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
some are fungus-like - decomposers
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
Other Examples
Volvox
(green algae)
Paramecium
Diatoms
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
_______________ – many cells (billions/trillions)
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi Multicellular
eukaryotic – membrane bound organelles
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
heterotrophic - decomposers
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
cell walls of chitin
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
Examples
bread molds
morel – edible
bracket fungus
yeast mushroom – poisonous
athletes foot
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
Multicellular – many cells (billions/trillions)
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae
Eukaryotic – membrane bound organelles
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae
_____________ (photosynthetic) – can
make its own food
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae Autotrophic
cell walls contain cellulose
cellulose
fibers
cellulose
formula
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae
Examples
flowering trees conifers (cones) flowers
moss fern
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae
Multicellular – many cells (billions/trillions)
muscle cells
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Eukaryotic – membrane bound organelles
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
______________ - consumers
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia Heterotroph
no cell walls
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
motile – at least part of their lives
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Examples
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
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