Building the Tree of Life

Many species didn’t _________ Linnaeus’s

2 kingdoms…{Plantae, Animalia}

fit

A mushroom didn’t move

and eat like an animal, but it

wasn’t green and perform

photosynthesis like a plant.

Building the Tree of Life

Late 1800’s…3 kingdoms {Protista,

Plantae, Animalia}

Mid 1900’s…5 kingdoms {Monera, Protista, Fungi,

Plantae, Animalia}

Current system as of 1990’s…

6 kingdoms

Building the Tree of Life

6 kingdoms {Archaebacteria, Eubacteria,

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia}

Building the Tree of Life

Domains – Most recent taxon and higher than

___________ (added in 1990 by Carl Woese, et. al.

at the University of Illinois)

Based on rRNA studies that

showed three distinct

differences, thus three

domains of Bacteria, Archaea

and Eukarya were created

kingdom

Building the Tree of Life

Domains – Originally the Domain

Archaea was thought to be the most

ancient of bacteria, but now the Domain

Bacteria is believed to have come first

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Bacteria

Domain Bacteria has 1 Kingdom

Bacteria

_____________ (true bacteria)

Salmonella typhimurium

invading skin cells

Eubacteria

Unicellular – one cell

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Bacteria

Kingdom Eubacteria

Prokaryotic – no membrane bound organelles

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Bacteria

Kingdom Eubacteria

Cell Wall – thick, rigid cell wall around membrane,

made of peptidoglycan for structural support

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Bacteria

Kingdom Eubacteria

Peptidoglycan found in the cell wall

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Bacteria

Kingdom Eubacteria

heterotrophic autotrophic

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Bacteria

Kingdom Eubacteria

autotrophic (photosynthetic or chemosynthetic) or

heterotrophic

Bacterium

with flagella

•common bacteria that live around us, free-living soil to deadly

parasites

Legionnaires

Disease

Lyme Disease E. coli – food

poisoning Pneumonia

bacteria

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Bacteria

Kingdom Eubacteria

Lactobacillus

acidophilus in Yogurt

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Archaea

Domain Archaea has 1 Kingdom

Archaea

_____________ (ancient bacteria)

Sulfolobus

Archaebacteria

Unicellular – one cell

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Archaea

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Prokaryotic – no membrane bound organelles

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Archaea

Kingdom Archaebacteria

autotrophic or heterotrophic

autotrophic

(make their own food) heterotrophic

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Archaea

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Cell Wall – structure around the cell membrane for support

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Archaea

Kingdom Archaebacteria

No Peptidoglycan, but membranes contain unusual lipids

not found in any other organisms

Archaebacteria

other bacteria

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Archaea

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria live in harshest, extreme

environments.

some can live in a

geyser (hot springs)

Some live in a

volcanic vent

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Archaea

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Some live in a

brine pools of high

salt conc.

Some live in a

organic mud

Some survive in the absence of oxygen

methanogen

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Archaea

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Domain _________ has 4 Kingdoms

Eukarya

Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Eukarya

_____________ – one cell

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Protista

Paramecium

Unicellular

eukaryotic – membrane bound organelles

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Protista

some are plant-like – autotrophic

(photosynthetic)

Two species of algae (protists).

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Protista

some are animal-like - heterotrophic

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Protista

some are fungus-like - decomposers

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Fungi

Other Examples

Volvox

(green algae)

Paramecium

Diatoms

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Protista

_______________ – many cells (billions/trillions)

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Fungi Multicellular

eukaryotic – membrane bound organelles

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Fungi

heterotrophic - decomposers

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Fungi

cell walls of chitin

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Fungi

Examples

bread molds

morel – edible

bracket fungus

yeast mushroom – poisonous

athletes foot

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Fungi

Multicellular – many cells (billions/trillions)

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Plantae

Eukaryotic – membrane bound organelles

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Plantae

_____________ (photosynthetic) – can

make its own food

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Plantae Autotrophic

cell walls contain cellulose

cellulose

fibers

cellulose

formula

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Plantae

Examples

flowering trees conifers (cones) flowers

moss fern

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Plantae

Multicellular – many cells (billions/trillions)

muscle cells

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia

Eukaryotic – membrane bound organelles

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia

______________ - consumers

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia Heterotroph

no cell walls

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia

motile – at least part of their lives

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia

Examples

Building the Tree of Life

Domain – Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia