BIPV - Best Practices from Germany

Building Integrated PV Symposium 2013

23. April 2013, Toronto

AHK – Canadian German Chamber

of Industry and Commerce INC

Astrid Schneider, Berlin Solar Architecture

Design, Research & Communication

Astrid Schneider

Solar Architecture: Design, Research & Communication

Architect and specialized author in the field of Solar Architecture and BIPV

Projects include:

– Solar Architecture

– Design of building integrated solar systems (BIPV-projects)

– Product development BIPV

– Research projects BIPV

– Publications

– Consulting

Astrid Schneider

Media Project:

‚Solar Architecture for Europe‘ (Film + Book) in 1996

Solar Architecture for Europe

04. Juni 2008 - Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecure

Horno – a Village destroyed for Lignite Mining

City Hall in Horno with Solar Roof Integration with Sunslates

Fossil Fuels: Lignite Mining in Germany

Lignite Coal Mining is still devastating landscapes and eats up villages,

especially of the ‚Sorbish‘ Community, living in Eastern Germany

Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecture

Fossil Energy Civilisation

Source: Astrid Schneider

Fossil Power – we are ‘the consumers’ – this 3000 MW Lignite Power Station –

is emitting 5% of Germanys CO2-Emission trading volume alone

energy

Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecture - Berlin - Vom Schutzdach zum Nutzdach - 27.11. 2007

World Energy Reserves

200 Years

100 Years

Source: BP-Statistical Review of World Energy 2004

Oil Gas Coal

At energy consumption rates of 2003

41 Years

200 Years

70 Years

Airodynamik

Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecture – Berlin

200 Years

100 Years

Source: BP-Statistical Review of World Energy 2012

Oil Gas Coal

At energy consumption rates of 2011

54 Years

112 Years

63 YearsAirodynamik

Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecture – Berlin

200 Years

100 Years

Source: Ludwig-Bölkow-System-Technik

Oil gas coal

33 years33 years

12 years8 years

…. If everybody consumes like an American!

Fossil Coal Civilisation – Solar Civilisation

Supplied

by fossil energy from

coal, gas and nuclear

power plants feeding

into the public grid

Supplied by self, renewable and

regionally generated energy by:

- solar power generated with solar

power collected with façade and

- Combined heat and power plant

(CHP) in the cellar

- wind energy supplied by the grid

… and the remaining energy from the

public grid Source: Astrid Schneider

Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecture - 21.01. 2008

Solar Potential in Germany

Using 3% of sealed area we could

produce 30% of electricity demand in

Germany

this is

– 1357 Millionen m2 Solar Module

– 0.4 % German surface

Source: Prof. Dr. Volker Quaschning, FHTW Berlin

Astrid Schneider - astrid.s@debitel.net - Germany

PV produces 5% of Germany’s Electricity

In 2012 Germany had 32,643 MW installed capacity of photovoltaic power plants, which produced 28,000 GWh of solar electricity – 4.7% of German electricity demand (all renewables share is 22.9% in 2012)

Renewable electricity produced in Germany from 1990 - 2012

Source: German Ministry for Environment - BMU / AGEE-Stat, 2013 - http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/

Photo-

Voltaic

Biomass

PV Installations: ca. 7.5 GW / Year in 2010-12

In the years 2010 – 2012 we had about 7500 MW installations of Solar Plants every year – this resulted in a very rapid rise in overall PV-Power as a share of the overall electricity system in Germany. We went from 1% in 2009 to 5% now.

Installed Capacity of PV-Systems and produced energy in Germany

Source: German Ministry for Environment - BMU / AGEE-Stat, 2013 - http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/

Solar System Installation 7.5 GW per Year

Source: BSW – German Solar Industry Association - http://www.solarwirtschaft.de/

PV-Market in Germany: Growing installation numbers, sinking system

prices, and falling Feed in Tariff went hand in hand for a rapid

deployment

7.6 GW

Solar Power Production up 300% in 3 Years

33 TWh

in 2013

(estimated)

Source: BSW – German Solar Industry Association - http://www.solarwirtschaft.de/

Solar Power Generation grew in unprecedented numbers the last years

From 11,680 GWh in 2010 to 28,000 GWh in 2012.

16.4.2013: PV produces at noon 24% Electricity

Solar power is acting as a ‘game changer’ in Germany’s electricity system and markets.

Gas power stations, which were used to provide noon time high consumption are made workless from spring to harvest.

Stock market electricity prices are strongly falling in Germany from about 8 Cent per kWh in 2008 to about 3.5 Cent per kWh actually in spring 2013.

Source: EEX - Transparency Platform of German Grid Operators

provided by European Energy Exchange AG (operates electricity stock exchange) 16.04. 2013 http://www.transparency.eex.com/en/

Photovoltaic

15.9 GW

Wind – 5.2 GW

Others – 46.2 GW

(including water power, biomass etc.)

Sum: 67.3 GW

18.4.2013: PV produces at noon 28% Electricity

Solar power is acting as a ‘game changer’ in Germany’s electricity system and markets.

Gas power stations, which were used to provide noon time high consumption are made workless from spring to harvest.

Stock market electricity prices are strongly falling in Germany from about 8 Cent per kWh in 2008 to about 3.5 Cent per kWh actually in spring 2013.

Source: EEX - Transparency Platform of German Grid Operators

provided by European Energy Exchange AG (operates electricity stock exchange) 16.04. 2013 http://www.transparency.eex.com/en/

Photovoltaic

19.2 GW

Wind – 16.7 GW

Others – 33.2 GW

(including water power, biomass etc.)

Sum: 69.1 GW

The Solar Government Quarter

Overview:

– Installation of 776 kWp PV-

Modules with an area of

10,000 m2

– Installation von 900 m2

thermal Solar Collektors

– Renewable Energy System

• Solar Cooling

• Aquifer storage

• Bio Oil CHP

• Heat Pumps

• Energy network for heat, cold

and electricity

... Under construction

Das Solare Regierungsviertel

Govrenment Buildings in the

‚Spreebogen‘:

– 80% renewable energy supply

– ca. 1,1% by PV-Systems with

357 kWp

Solares Regierungsviertel heute

Source: Luftbild Berlin

Solar Government Quarter Berlin

Governmental area in Spreebogen, built by Federal Building Agency

Federal Chancellery

Design: Axel Schultes and Charlotte Frank Architects, Berlin

Federal Chancellery

Energy System underneath the ‚Spreebogen‘ - Source: Bundesbaugesellschaft

Aquifere-Storage

Aquifere-Storage:

Seasonal Cold Storage :

– in 60 Meter

Seasonal Heat Storage:

– in 280-300 m

– Made

fromlimestone

and salty water

Aquifere for Seasonal Heat Storage

Heat Storage:

– in 280-300 m lime stone with

salty water ‚Sole‘

German Parliament, Berlin

‚Reichstag Buildling‘ Architects: Lord Foster and Partners, London

Lüftungsschema Reichstagsgebäude / Foster and Partners, London

Die Photovoltaikanlage ist in die Süddachfläche integriert

Architect: Lord Norman Foster and Partners

– Power PV Solar System: 37 kWp - ca. 300 m2 area

– ca. 630,000 m3 CO2-reduction

Solar modules:

– Modul-Size: 3000 mm x 1095 mm and 1505 mm x 1095 mm

– Power: 412 Wp und 206 Wp

– Module Inverters

Solar modules are perfectly integrated and nearly ‚invisible‘:

– are custom made

– Black solar cells

– Black rubber for interconnections

Solarmodule:

– Kundenspezifisch gefertigte Solarmodule aus 12 mm ESG-Frontglas und 8 mm TVG-

Rückglas mit maßgeschliffenen Gehrungskanten zur Minimierung der Abstände

– Monokristalline vollquadratische Solarzelllen von ASE, 10 x 10 mm, Wirkungsgrad 15%

Federal Chancellery

PV-System at flat roofs of office blocks

Federal Chancellery

PV-System with 149 kWp - 1271 m2

28. Oktober 2008 - Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecture

Federal Chancellery

Flat Roof Installation of PV – Filming with CNN for Green City Series

Federal Chancellery

Blick auf die Flügel und den Lehrter Stadtbahnhof, sowie das

Wirtschaftsministerium im Hintergrund

Main Station - Berlin

Ca. 200 kWp PV Glass-Glass-Modules

Paul-Löbe-Haus: Officies for MP‘s

Direkt neben dem Reichstag

gelegen beherbergt das

Paul-Löbe Haus

– Abgeordnetenbüros

– Sitzungssäle

– Informations- und

Besucherzentrum

Die Bürotrakte sind kammartig an

einem zentralen Atrium gelegen.

Gebaut von Stefan Braunfels

Architekten Berlin

Paul-Löbe-HausVerschattungsanlage mit

einachsig nachgeführten

Lamellen, in die amorphe

Solarzellen integriert sind:

– Nennleistung 123 kWp

– 3239 m2 Solarmodule

– 6048 Verschattungs-

Lamellen mit PV

Die weltgrösste gebäude-

integrierte Solaranlage mit

amorphem Silizium

Herstellung

– Solarmodule und PV-

Anlage: Solon AG, Berlin

– Hersteller Solarzellen:

TESSAG AG, Alzenau

Paul-Löbe-Haus

View to the Atrium

Paul-Löbe-Haus

– Die Atrium-Verglasung wird von einem

Raster aus Betonbindern getragen.

– Darüber befindet sich eine Stahl-Glas-

Konstruktion, welche die Lamellen trägt

Paul-Löbe-Haus

Detail Glass louvers with amorphous solar cell

Paul-Löbe-Haus

Section

Paul-Löbe-Haus

Detail-Ansicht des amorphen

Solarmoduls

Shadovoltaik Wings ueber Atriums-

Verglasung

Federal Ministry of Justice

PV-Module als Verschattungslamellen über zwei Atrien

Verschattungssystem: Colt International GmbH, Kleve

Glas-Glas-Lamellen ohne und mit Photovoltaik, Leistung: 25 kWp

Außenliegende Stahlkonstruktion

Details Knotenpunkte

Projektbeteiligte Verschattungssystem:

– Planung und Ausführung Sonnenschutzanlage mit PV: Colt International GmbH, Kleve

– Fassadenplanung: Michael Gödde, Neuss

– Glaslamellen mit und ohne PV: Saint Gobain Glass Solar GmbH, Aachen

Atriumsüberdachung mit PV-Lamellen über dem Sitzungssaal

Architekten: Schweger und Partner, Hamburg

Upper House of Parliament

Leistung: 21 kWp

Module: Saint Gobain Glass Solar, Lamellen-Konstruktion: Bomin-Solar, Lörrach

Leistung: 21 kWp

Module: Saint Gobain Glass Solar, Lamellen-Konstruktion: Bomin-Solar, Lörrach

Lichtplanung: Bartenbach Lichtlabor, Aldrans

Upper House of Parliament (Bundesrat)

Architekten: Schweger und Partner, Hamburg

PV-Facade Integration with Amorphous SI

Schott Fabrication Hall

Tübingen sport hall with PV facade

PV modules as ‘cold facade’ installation in front of an opaque wall

System specifications:

– Architects: Allmann

Sattler Wappner

– Solar cell producer:

Sunways

– Number of modules:

– Facade area: 530 m2

– Installed capacity:

43.7 kW

– Yearly power output:

26,000 kWh/a

Source: Suntechnics (D)

Tübingen sport hall with PV facade

PV modules as a ‘cold facade’ installation in front of an opaque wall

System specifications:

– Point fixings

– Multicrystalline solar cells

(silicon)

– Grey-greenish colour

– Laminate modules

• Glass

• EVA

• Solar cells

• EVA

• White backside foil

Source: Suntechnics (D)

Shop in Cologne with PV Facade

PV modules as insulated glass facade installation with 12 kWp

Source: Solon AG, Berlin (D)

Shop in Cologne with PV Facade

– PV modules as a ‘warm facade’

– Different sizes of custom-made

modules up to 3080 x 1165 mm

– Module layers:

• 2 x 6 mm glass with 2 mm resin

filling, as capsulation for

multicrystalline solar cells

• 14 mm gap

• 8 mm compound safety glassSource: Solon AG, Berlin (D)

Sport hall with PV facade in Regensburg

PV modules as ‘warm facade’ installation in a semitransparent glass wall

Sport hall with PV facade in Regensburg

PV modules as ‘warm facade’ installation, in a semitransparent glass wall

Installed capacity

Distance

between solar

cells 2 cm,

calculated for

optimal

daylighting

Light-distri-buting

semi-transparent

glass elements

EWE Arena Sporting Facility, Oldenburg

PV modules as a movable solar screenSource: Colt International AG

Project data:

Architects: ASP-Architects

Solar Screen: Colt

International AG

– Solar Screen:

– 40 m x 6.5 m

– 160 m movable

– 72 PV-modules

– 14.76 kW capacity

– Grey moncrystalline

solar cells

– Glass-modules

– 3 inverters

EWE-Arena - Movable Solar-Screen

Source: Colt International AG

Solar Center Mecklenburg Vorpommern

Investor: Solarinitiative Mecklenburg-Vorpommern e.V.

Building Design:

Gerd Vogt,

Huckstorf

Construction

managment:

Turner & Partner,

Rostock

Energy Concept:

Energiebüro und EST-Ingenieure,

Berlin

Solar window shutters:

Astrid Schneider,

Berlin

PV Roof Tiles

PV shingles with monocrystalline solar cells, installed capacity: 15.6 kWp

Photo: Astrid Schneider

Solarer Fensterladen

Solar shutter with grey multicrystalline solar cells and wooden frame

Source: Astrid Schneider, Solar Architecture, Berlin (D)

Solar Window Shutter

Solar window shutter - power: 2 x 80 Wp = 160 Wp

The Solar window shutter is a

multifunktional building

element invented by the

architect Astrid Schneider:

– Solar electricity production

– Sun protection

– Heat protection (buffer

funktion in winter)

– Protection for the windows

against rain

– Protection against thieves

(compound safety glazing)

– Optical protection for

inhabitants

Solarer Fensterladen

Translucent glass-glass-module

Installed Capacity:

– 80 Watt per module

– 160 Watt per window

Solar energy output:

– ca. 90 kWh/ year

Type of solar cells:

– multicrystalline silicon

with grey colour

– Cell efficiency: 12 %

Module construction:

– Glass-glass module with

EVA-compoung

– Frame: made from wood

Solar shutter with semitransparent solar cells manufactured by Sunways

Solar Window Shutter - with LED-Lightening

And RGB LED lighting by OSRAM - green

Solar shutter with semitransparent solar cells and RGB LED lighting by OSRAM - blue

And RGB LED lighting by OSRAM - red

And RGB LED lighting by OSRAM - white

and RGB LED lighting by OSRAM - detail view green

EXPO 2005 in Aichi - Japan

Global Village auf der EXPO 2005 - Cafe mit organic food

EXPO 2005 in Aichi - Japan

Global Village - REPP-Pavillion - Freigelände mit EE-Ausstellung

Solarer Schiebeladen mit PV-Modulen

Passivhaus in der Schweiz, Architekt Reto Miloni

Solarer Schiebeladen

Passivhaus in der Schweiz, Architekt Reto Miloni

90Passivhaus in der Schweiz, Architekt Reto Miloni

Solarer Schiebeladen

Black Look – Better Design Options?

Indachsystem MSK / Suntech mit monokristallinen Solarzellen

Farbige Solarzellen

Source: BP Solar

Different colours - an experimental issue

Quelle: SunwaysSource: BP SolarQuelle:BP-Solar

Das BIMODE Projekt

Das BIMODE-Projekt nimmt Bezug zur Kunst des 20sten Jahrhunderts

unter den Gesichtspunkten der

• geometrischen Kunst

• konkreten Kunst

• strukturellen Kunst

BIMODE-Projekt

Prototyp Streifen-Solarmodul

EntwurfJörg Paul Janka

BIMODE-Projekt

Detail-Ansicht goldene, stahlblaue und

magentafarbene Solarzellen

Prototyp Dreieckiges Solarmodul

Entwurf Jürgen Claus

BIMODE-Prototyp - Entwurf

Standard Solarmodule

mit monokristallinen

Zellen

Probleme:

• Lückenhaftes

Erscheinungsbild

• Große

Zellzwischenräume

• Oder großer

Verschnitt von

Zellmaterial

BIMODE-Prototyp - Entwurf

Hexagonale Solarzellen als optimierte monokristalline Zellen

Prototyp Modul mit hexagonalen Zellen

Rhombische Solarmodule

Realisation Prototyp: BP-Solar im Rahmen des BIMODE-Projektes

Bürofassade mit schräg

gestellten PV-Modulen

Prototyp Modul mit hexagonalen Zellen

Realisation Prototyp: BP-Solar im Rahmen des BIMODE-Projektes

Entwurf: Astrid Schneider

BIMODE-Prototypen Realisation

Grüne hexagonale Solarzellen mit Wellengrid

Lessons Learned

So far small roof tiles have not been successful on the market, prices being about 50%

higher than standard PV systems

Standard modules integrated in pitched roof

PV roofing elements: standard PV modules with monocrystalline cells,

interconnected with aluminium substructure and rubber profiles

Source: Astrid Schneider, Berlin - Solar World AG

Solar modules on a cowshed roof

61 kWp standard modules

Solar Modules on a farm roof

80 kWp standard modules

Solar Module auf Flachdächern

Phönix AG - Fa. Schwab

Anlagenleistung: 516 kWp

2.400 Module von IBC mit ca. 220 Watt pro Modul

Investitionsvolumen: 2,3 Mio €

4457,- EUR pro kW

Solarmodule auf Daimler Benz Rastatt

Project by: IBC Solartechnik GmbH in Staffelstein

Solarmodule auf Flachdächern

34 kWp in Kassel Bürgeranlage

Realisiert durch IBC Solartechnik

640 kWp - ‚Stute Lebensmittelwerke‘

Quelle: IBC Solartechnik GmbH in Bad Staffelstein

Phönix AG - Fa. Schwab

Flachdachaufständerung von Standardsolarmodulen

Betonsockel über extensivem Gründach

Standard Solarmodule über Gründach

Extensive Begrünung mit

niedrig wachsenden Pflanzen

Das Substrat dient als

Beschwerung für die Aufständerung

Finanzministerium in Mainz, realisiert durch Fa. Sunstrom GmbH

Unisolar thin film for ‚tilted‘ flat roof elements

Suntimes flat roof system with metal substructure and Unisolar cells

PV on an industrial building in Berlin

92 kWp ‘PV-Plate’ by Biohaus with thin-film aSi by Unisolar

Source: Parabel Solar, Berlin

Solar modules on a residential building

120 kWp roofing foil with thin-film aSi by Unisolar

Source: Parabel Solar, Berlin

PV roof for an industrial workshop hall

Source:Thyssen-Kriupp SolarTec

PV roof for an industrial workshop hall

Prefabricated PV roofing elements are

directly installed as ‘the roof’

– Roof: 25 x 17 meters, 15° inclined

– Wooden structure 2.5 metres

distance

Solar roof elements:

– 17 m long

– 1 m wide

– 11.5 cm thick

PV-system:

– 768 W / element

– 25 elements

– 19.2 kWp PV-system

– Cost: €147,000

Source:Thyssen-Kriupp SolarTec

PV facade for an industrial building

PV-System ‘solartec’ produced by Thyssen-Krupp-Hösch

Astrid Schneider -

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