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Bell Work
• Has the government of the United States been influenced by the governments of other countries and/or civilizations?
Origins of U.S.
Government The student will
demonstrate knowledge of the political philosophies
that shaped the development of Arizona and United States constitutional
governments.
Greeks
Roman Republic
Magna Carta
English Petition of Rights
English Bill of Rights
England
Classwork
• Magna Carta Activity
Bell Work
• How did the Magna Carta, Greece, the Roman Republic, and the English Bill of Rights influence the founders when they formed the United States?
Charters of the Virginia Company of London
State Constitutions Separation of Powers Checks and Balances
Civil Liberties
Early Colonial GovErnmEnts
Important Thinkers
John Locke (1632-1704)
•Social Contract
•Unalienable Rights
Thomas Hobbes
Limited Government
Montesquieu (1689-1755)
•Separation of powers
Rousseau (1712-1778)
•Direct democracy
•All men equal
Voltaire (1694-1778)
•Free Speech
Virginia Declaration of Rights
George Mason
Individual Freedoms
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
Thomas Jefferson
Separation of Church and State
Homework
• Quickwrite: – Which of the thinkers that we just spoke about
do you feel has the most important idea about government? Justify your answer.
– Which of the thinkers that we just spoke about do you feel has the least important idea about government? Justify your answer.
Thomas Jefferson
Benjamin Franklin
John Adams
Robert Livingston
Roger Sherman
Our new government under the Articles of Confederation took
effect in 1781.
“…a loose union of the states under the
authority of the Congress.”
May 25, 1787 - 55 delegates met in Philadelphia to discuss fixing the Articles
The Virginia
Plan
Edmund Randolf
James Madison
•Bicameral legislature based on population
•Three separate branches
•Strong executive
The New Jersey Plan
•Unicameral legislature with equal
representation
•Weak executive
William Paterson
•Bicameral Legislature – Congress The Great Compromise
•Based on population
•Elected directly
•2 from each state
•Elected by state legislature
•Majority vote in both houses to pass laws
They avoided a too-powerful central government by establishing three co-equal
branches…
…with a system of checks and balances among them.
Federalism at work
The Three-Fifths Compromise
Federalists
Favored a strong national government that shared some power with the states
Jefferson
Henry
Samuel Adams
Lee
Anti Federalists
United States Constitution
3 parts to the U.S. Constitution:
1) Preamble - introduction
2) Articles - 7
3) Amendments - 27
Article 1
Legislative Branch
Organization of Congress
Article 2 Executive Branch
The Presidency
Article 3
Judicial Branch
Constitutional Courts
Article 4 Relations between states
Extradition & Reciprocity
Article 5 Amending
the U.S. Constitution
Article 6
National Supremacy
Article 7
Ratification of U.S.
Constitution
The Bill of Rights
First Ten Amendments
to the Constitution
1789
1st Amendment
Press
Speech
Freedom of:
Religion
Peaceful Assembly
Petition the Government
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
3rd Amendment
Can’t be forced to house troops
4th Amendment
Protection against unreasonable search & seizures
5th Amendment
Rights of the accused
6th Amendment
Trial Procedures
Speedy trial Right to a lawyer
7th Amendment
Jury trial in civil cases
8th Amendment
No excessive bails, fines
No cruel or unusual
punishments
9th Amendment
Rights not denied the people
10th Amendment
Rights reserved for the states
thE rEst of thE
amEndmEnts
11th Amendment
Suits against states
12th Amendment
Separate Votes for President and Vice-President
13th Amendment
Abolition of slavery
14th Amendment
Defines citizenship
Due process of law
Equal Protection
Clause
15th Amendment
African-American male suffrage
16th Amendment
Permanent federal income tax
17th Amendment
Direct election of Senators
18th Amendment
Forbid the manufacture,
sale, or distribution of alcohol
19th Amendment
Women’s suffrage
20th Amendment
Lame duck amendment
21st Amendment
Repeal of Prohibition
22nd Amendment
Presidential term limit
23rd Amendment
3 D.C. electors
24th Amendment
Abolished poll taxes
25th Amendment
President
Vice-President
Speaker of House
President pro-tem
Secretary of State
26th Amendment
Voting age from 21 to 18
27th
Amendment
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