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8/14/2019 Behavioral Model (Combined).pptx
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Direct Instruction Model
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What is Direct Instruction Model?
DirectInstruction
Model
Teacher directstrategy of
teaching.
Oldest form
of teaching.
Most
commonly
used strategy
nowadays.
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Why Use Direct Instruction?
Most effective
strategy in teaching
step by step skills
Good tool for
introducing students
to other methods of
instruction
Involve students inknowledge
development.
Introduces topic andalmost subjects
backwards.
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What Are The Steps Involved?
Daily
reviews.
Presenting
new
materials.
Guided
practice.
Corrections
&
feedback.
Independent
practice.
Weekly &
monthly
reviews for
knowledge.
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What Are The Methods That CanBe Used?
Lecture Practice
Questions Discussions
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Mastery Learning
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The mastery learning method divides subject matter
into units that have predetermined objectives orunit expectations.
Students must demonstrate mastery on unit exams,typically 80%, before moving on to new material.Students who do not achieve mastery receiveremediation through tutoring, peer monitoring,small group discussions, or additional homework.
Additional time for learning is prescribed for thoserequiring remediation. Students continue the cycleof studying and testing until mastery is met.
Davis & Sorrel (1995)
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Determinelearningoutcomes
byplanningexplicitlearningobjective
Teach pupilwith effectiveteaching method& technique
(use ofsuitablelearning
materials tosuit different
learningstyles)
Evaluatelearningresult bydiagnostictest andsummative
test
Carry outremedial
activities forpupils who have
not fully
masteredcertain skills
& provideenrichment
activities forpupils who havemastered the
lesson
PROCEDURES IN MASTERY LEARNING CLASSROOM
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Elements of Mastery Learning
Feedback Reinforces the essential objectives Recognize what was done well Identifies what needs more workCorrectives Explicit guidance on how to improve errors Approach recommended is different than
initial instruction (materials should bepresented differently and students should be
involved differentlyEnrichment Opportunities to broaden learning, higher
level activities
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Instructional Alignment
Components:Learning outcomes Dictate the level of rigor and force ofinstruction
Instruction Formative assessment feedback shouldemphasize studentsperformance based onthe objectives
Evaluation Reflect the rigor of learning parallel to theinstruction and assessment
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Examplesof LessonActivities
Pre-test/Post-
test
Quiz
ConceptMap
Journals
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PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION
MODEL
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Programmed learning is a systematic,step by step, self-instructional
programme aimed to ensure the
learning of stated behavior.
Dale, Edgar(1962)
What Is
Programmed
InstructionalModel?
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Important innovation in 20thCentury teaching-learning
process
Self-instructional technique
Subject matter is logicallyarranged in a small segments
Learning experience is selfcorrective
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Programmed nstruction assumesth t
Technology is not a specific
machine or piece of hardware.
A distinct process or
method for doing
something.
Self-paced - different
learners can learn at the rate
most comfortable to them.
Very active - the
learner is engaged in
the process.
The instructional content is broken down,
designed, and arranged into instructional tutorialsor training programs, each with a very specific
education goal and objective.
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The application oftechnology & computersystem in teaching.
Pupils follow designedlearning materials in
software withoutteachers help.
Teacher has to facilitatethe pupils to have
interest in manipulatingcomputer.
Example:
Computer
Assisted
Instruction
(CIA)
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CRITICISM
Criticized asthreat to
replace theteacher Too much
emphasize in
learning facts andvery little emphasison the mastery of
principles andconcepts.
Sometimeslearners do not
know where
they are headedto
Materialsvery costly
Materialsrequire expert
knowledge andtraining
Can beboring
after time
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Brief Reflection of Behavioural Model of
Teaching
h l d l f
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Behavioural Model of
Teaching Based on classical conditioning experiments of Pavlov, Thorndike
reward-based learning and Watson s research.
Behaviourist approach focuses on behaviours that can be
observed (express or implied) and its influence on the changes.
Known as social learning theory or behaviour modification and
behaviour therapy.
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Direct Instruction
Model A strategy in which the teacher will present the contents of
teaching to be able to achieve the specified learning outcomes
and develop the skills to be taught step by step.
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Mastery Learning Individual teaching methods that use a structured curriculum and
is divided into small units of knowledge and skills to be learned.
Mastery learning is based on the philosophy that all students can
master the knowledge or skills with full of confidence if good
conditions and sufficient time is provided for pupils to master
the lessons. (Bloom, 1968)
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Programmed
Instruction Model is used in computer-based programs consisting of text, graphics
and perhaps multimedia enhancements to develop students
understanding.
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