Behavioral Model (Combined).pptx

8/14/2019 Behavioral Model (Combined).pptx

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Direct Instruction Model


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What is Direct Instruction Model?

DirectInstruction

Model

Teacher directstrategy of

teaching.

Oldest form

of teaching.

Most

commonly

used strategy

nowadays.


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Why Use Direct Instruction?

Most effective

strategy in teaching

step by step skills

Good tool for

introducing students

to other methods of

instruction

Involve students inknowledge

development.

Introduces topic andalmost subjects

backwards.


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What Are The Steps Involved?

Daily

reviews.

Presenting

new

materials.

Guided

practice.

Corrections

&

feedback.

Independent

practice.

Weekly &

monthly

reviews for

knowledge.


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What Are The Methods That CanBe Used?

Lecture Practice

Questions Discussions


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Mastery Learning


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The mastery learning method divides subject matter

into units that have predetermined objectives orunit expectations.

Students must demonstrate mastery on unit exams,typically 80%, before moving on to new material.Students who do not achieve mastery receiveremediation through tutoring, peer monitoring,small group discussions, or additional homework.

Additional time for learning is prescribed for thoserequiring remediation. Students continue the cycleof studying and testing until mastery is met.

Davis & Sorrel (1995)


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Determinelearningoutcomes

byplanningexplicitlearningobjective

Teach pupilwith effectiveteaching method& technique

(use ofsuitablelearning

materials tosuit different

learningstyles)

Evaluatelearningresult bydiagnostictest andsummative

test

Carry outremedial

activities forpupils who have

not fully

masteredcertain skills

& provideenrichment

activities forpupils who havemastered the

lesson

PROCEDURES IN MASTERY LEARNING CLASSROOM


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Elements of Mastery Learning

Feedback Reinforces the essential objectives Recognize what was done well Identifies what needs more workCorrectives Explicit guidance on how to improve errors Approach recommended is different than

initial instruction (materials should bepresented differently and students should be

involved differentlyEnrichment Opportunities to broaden learning, higher

level activities


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Instructional Alignment

Components:Learning outcomes Dictate the level of rigor and force ofinstruction

Instruction Formative assessment feedback shouldemphasize studentsperformance based onthe objectives

Evaluation Reflect the rigor of learning parallel to theinstruction and assessment


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Examplesof LessonActivities

Pre-test/Post-

test

Quiz

ConceptMap

Journals


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PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION

MODEL


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Programmed learning is a systematic,step by step, self-instructional

programme aimed to ensure the

learning of stated behavior.

Dale, Edgar(1962)

What Is

Programmed

InstructionalModel?


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Important innovation in 20thCentury teaching-learning

process

Self-instructional technique

Subject matter is logicallyarranged in a small segments

Learning experience is selfcorrective


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Programmed nstruction assumesth t

Technology is not a specific

machine or piece of hardware.

A distinct process or

method for doing

something.

Self-paced - different

learners can learn at the rate

most comfortable to them.

Very active - the

learner is engaged in

the process.

The instructional content is broken down,

designed, and arranged into instructional tutorialsor training programs, each with a very specific

education goal and objective.


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The application oftechnology & computersystem in teaching.

Pupils follow designedlearning materials in

software withoutteachers help.

Teacher has to facilitatethe pupils to have

interest in manipulatingcomputer.

Example:

Computer

Assisted

Instruction

(CIA)


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CRITICISM

Criticized asthreat to

replace theteacher Too much

emphasize in

learning facts andvery little emphasison the mastery of

principles andconcepts.

Sometimeslearners do not

know where

they are headedto

Materialsvery costly

Materialsrequire expert

knowledge andtraining

Can beboring

after time


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Brief Reflection of Behavioural Model of

Teaching

h l d l f


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Behavioural Model of

Teaching Based on classical conditioning experiments of Pavlov, Thorndike

reward-based learning and Watson s research.

Behaviourist approach focuses on behaviours that can be

observed (express or implied) and its influence on the changes.

Known as social learning theory or behaviour modification and

behaviour therapy.


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Direct Instruction

Model A strategy in which the teacher will present the contents of

teaching to be able to achieve the specified learning outcomes

and develop the skills to be taught step by step.


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Mastery Learning Individual teaching methods that use a structured curriculum and

is divided into small units of knowledge and skills to be learned.

Mastery learning is based on the philosophy that all students can

master the knowledge or skills with full of confidence if good

conditions and sufficient time is provided for pupils to master

the lessons. (Bloom, 1968)


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Programmed

Instruction Model is used in computer-based programs consisting of text, graphics

and perhaps multimedia enhancements to develop students

understanding.

Documents

Behavioral Model (Combined).pptx