Basics in Policy Analysis - Food and · PDF fileBasics in Policy Analysis ... Afp Kenya,...

Resources for policy making

Basics in Policy AnalysisHow Governments Should Design &

Implement Policies

for the

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS, FAO

Basics in Policy AnalysisHow Governments Should Design & Implement Policies

Ugo Pica-CiamarraPro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI), Animal Production and Health Division http://www.fao.org/AG/againfo/projects/en/pplpi/home.html

About EASYPol The EASYPol home page is available at: www.fao.org/easypol

EASYPol is a multilingual repository of freely downloadable resources for policy making in agriculture, rural development and food security. The resources are the results of research and field work by policy experts at FAO. The site is maintained by FAO’s Policy Assistance Support Service, Policy and Programme Development Support Division, FAO.

Related resources:See the Training Path Policy Learning Programme 2009 for other related resources. Download theProgramme Summary for background information and the Overview of the Programme Modules and Sessions for a complete list of resources developed for the Policy Learning Programme 2009. FAO Policy Learning Website: http://www.fao.org/tc/tca/policy-learning/en/

3 of 33

Objectives

understand policy analysis

appreciate the relevance of policy analysis

know the critical elements to conduct sound policy analysis (and design / implement sound policies)

After this presentation, you should:

4 of 33

Outline

1. Policy analysis and policy process

2. Definition of policy analysis

3. Steps in policy analysis� Identification of policy objectives� Identification / selection of policy

instruments� Design policy implementation� Policy monitoring & evaluation

5 of 33

The policy process

Policy Spaces

External Pressures

STATEInterest Group

Interest Group Time

6 of 33

Elements of policy process

2. Context

3. Actors

4. Content

5. Impact

1. Livelihood/ Socio-economic

assessment

7 of 33

2. Context

3. Actors

4. Content

5. Impact

assessment

Main Stages

Agenda setting

Decision making

Implementation

8 of 33

2. Context

3. Actors

4. Content

5. Impact

assessment

Main Stages

Agenda setting

Decision making

Implementation

Policy Analysis

9 of 33

Definition of policy analysis

Policy analysis:

is an applied social scienceproducing information for addressing policy problems

analyses and evaluates public policy options ... for choice by policy makers (Paul, 1989 et al.).

10 of 33

Policy analysis versus other sciences

Policy analysis is not:

Academic researchEconomicsSociologyStatistics... ... ...

Political scienceInterest groupsCollective actionsAdvocacy coalitions... ... ...

11 of 33

Policy analysis makes ample use of academic research

12 of 33

Policy analysis makes ample use of academic research

Policy analysis takes into consideration differentinterests, positions, etc.

13 of 33

Steps in policy analysis

1. Identification of policy objectives

2. Identifying and selecting policy instruments

3. Designing policy implementation

4. Policy monitoring & evaluation

14 of 33

15 of 33

Policy agendas present generic policy goals / undesirable status quo (policy problem)- poverty reduction- increased productivity- ... ... ...

Identify a causal chain explaining the status quo- brainstorming- narratives- scientific analysis- problem tree... ... ...

16 of 33

The ‘source’ of the problem should be selected as the ‘policy objective’

Policy agendas present generic policy goals / undesirable status quo (policy problem)- poverty reduction- increased productivity- ... ... ...

Identify a causal chain explaining the status quo- brainstorming- narratives- scientific analysis- problem tree... ... ...

17 of 33

Example:Problem tree analysis of Foot & Mouth Disease Outbreak

Foot & Mouth Disease Outbreak

+ animal mortality - productivity

... ... ... - household income - exports

... ... ...

direct contacts between animals

contaminated animal feed

artificial insemination

... .... ....

�policy problem�

effects

causes

Policy objective

18 of 33

19 of 33

2. Identifying policy instruments

Identification of alternative policy instruments serving the policy objective(s)

experiences from other countriespublic/expert opinion pollsprofessional / academic journalsad hoc research findings... ... ..

Avian flu: culling

Avian flu: vaccination

Credit: FAO

No defined rules to identify policy instruments!!! Avian flu: culling

20 of 33

2. Identifying policy instruments

Hints for identifying policy instruments:

existing instruments includedno �do everything� instrumentrole of the State well identifiedsmall numbers to facilitate selection

Exporting live animals

Exporting processed goodsCredit: FAO

21 of 33

2. Ranking policy instruments

Hints for selecting best policy instrument

meritcostequityreliabilitysimplicityconsistencyflexibilitycommunicability... ... ...

EXTRAPOLATE: Ex-Ante Tool for Ranking Policy Alternatives

22 of 33

23 of 33

3. Policy Implementation

‘Policy reform failures [...] lack of consideration of how the policy reform is organized’ (Crosby, 1996)

‘Policy implementation brings together multiple agencies and groups that are intended to work in concert’ (Brinkerhoff, 1996)

credit: AfpKenya, drought affected areas – 01 / 2006

source: WHO

24 of 33

3. Policy implementation tasks

1. Policy legitimisation

2. Resources

3. Institutional design

4. Monitoring & evaluation

25 of 33

3. Policy implementation tasks

Stakeholder analysis & political mapping to create a policy constituency

1. Policy legitimisation

2. Resources

3. Institutional design

4. Monitoring & evaluation

Securing start-up & medium / long term funds

Accountability & incentives / penalties to ‘policy implementers’ to carry out new tasks

Keep policy implementation on track & assess policy results & impacts

26 of 33

27 of 33

Monitoring: ... collection of data providing indications of [...] progress in the use of inputs and achievement of outputs

28 of 33

Evaluation: ... assessment of an ongoing [...] policy, its design, implementation and effects and impacts

29 of 33

Indicator Definition

Inputs Resources allocated

OutputsImmediate results brought about by

inputs

Effects Direct and medium term effects

Impacts Long-term impacts

30 of 33

Methodologies:performance indicatorslogical-framework approachinterviewsinternational benchmarkingcost-benefit analysispilot policy projects

Hints:evaluators ≠ implementersparticipatory M&Enew rules & regulationsrewards / penalties

credit: AC

credit: FAO

31 of 33

Summary

1. identification of policy objectives

2. identification / selection of policy instruments

3. designing policy implementation

4. monitoring & evaluation

Policy analysis is a science providing information to address policy problemsPolicy analysis is a science providing

information to address policy problems

32 of 33

Conclusions

2. Context

3. Actors

4. Content

5. Impact

assessment

Main Stages

Agenda setting

Decision making

Implementation

33 of 33

Basics in Policy Analysis - Food and · PDF fileBasics in Policy Analysis ... Afp Kenya,...

Documents

Afp 30.07.2014

AFP Upload

AFP SCREENING - CHOP Research · AFP SCREENING What is AFP? AFP, or alpha-fetoprotein, is a protein that is made by the liver during the neonatal and infant period. At birth, AFP

AFP Directores

Documentos AFP

Debugging AFP Tricks of the AFP Masters - OutputLinksoutputlinks.com/uploads/ibm_afp_debug.pdf · Debugging AFP Tricks of the AFP Masters Xplor Document University ... AFP dump (AIX,

Manual Bombes AFP

Afp Profuturo

Afp Presentation

AFP Reference Guide

AFP-300/AFP-400 Analog Fire Panel...AFP-300/AFP-400 Programming PN 50259:C1 06/19/97 1 1. Introduction Overview The AFP-300/AFP-400 is an intelligent, field- programmable Fire Alarm

肝癌早诊三联检（AFP AFP-L3% DCP

2020 Policy Book NCBA... · 2020. 2. 5. · 4 . 1. GENERAL POLICY. AFP 1.1 . 2016/Amended . NCBA Agricultural Policy Statement. This statement will guide NCBA’s actions on behalf

PRICE LIST - Požičovňa a predaj stavebnej mechanizá · PDF filePRICE LIST 2017 VIBRATION ... diapositiva Flexible Transmission Shafts / TAX ... AFP AFP M6 AFP M7 AFP FREQUENCY

INSTALLATION AND PROGRAMMING MANUAL AFP-300/400firealarmresources.com/.../2013/06/Notifier-AFP-300... · The AFP-300 panel is capable of 1 loop and the AFP-400 is capable of 2 loops

WORKSHOP SCENARIO AND AFP WARNING ORDER. OUTLINE Workshop Scenario AFP Responses AFP Warning Order –Activation of JTF Bayanihan –Mission, Endstate, CSAFP’s

Afp surveillance Quality

AFP Consortium update May 2009. AFP Consortium Incorporation

Wellness - AFP

AFP - eTapestry Presentation