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Analysis and ratios
Roles of the OSA and CDE
Trends and evaluation of ratios
Factors that impacted 6 school districts
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178 school districts in Colorado
Funding sources
Colorado Department of Education (CDE)◦ Oversight & monitoring of accreditation
Office of the State Auditor ◦ Compliance with Local Government Audit Law◦ Authority to hold property taxes◦ Review of audit report
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Public School Transparency Act◦ CDE monitors through financial accreditation
process
Development of Fiscal Health Analysis◦ Three year period to review◦ Focus on areas of highest risk – General Fund◦ Debt and changes in fund balance
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Are assets larger than liabilities?
Formula: General fund total assets General fund total liabilities
Warning trend: A consistent deficit in
assets’ adequacy to meet obligations over the 3-year period.
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Do annual revenues cover debt service payments?
Formula: Total governmental revenue of fund(s) paying debt
Total governmental debt payments Warning trend: Annual revenues consistently
below the annual debt payment for each of the three years.
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How long will reserves last for future expenditures?
Formula: Fund balance of the general fundTotal general fund expenditures (net transfers)
Warning trend: A reserve that covers less than 1 week of future expenditures, which is the equivalent of .0192, or 1/52, for each of the 3 years.
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How much is added to reserves for every dollar generated in revenues?
Formula: General fund total revenue –
(general fund total expenditures (net)General fund total revenues
Warning trend: A loss in reserves for each of the 3 years.
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How much revenue does it take to cover a deficit fund balance?
Formula: Total (absolute value) deficit fund balance – positive fund balance of the general fund Total revenue in deficit fund balance(s)
Warning trend: The portion of annual revenue needed to cover the deficit fund balance is increasing over the 3-year period.
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Are reserves increasing or decreasing?
Formula: Current year fund balance of the
general fund – prior year fund balancePrior year fund balance of the general fund
Warning trend: Consistent decreases in
reserves.
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Purpose◦ Warning trends over three year period ◦ 2008, 2009, 2010
Limitations◦ Warning indicator in one year◦ Current budgetary actions
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26 school districts with one or more
◦ 20 districts with one
◦ 5 districts with two
◦ 1 district with three
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State of ColoradoFiscal Health Analysis
School Districts With Warning IndicatorsFor the Three-Year Period Ending June 30, 2010
Fiscal Health Ratio
Number of Districts with Warning
Indicator1
As of June 30, 20092
As of June 30, 20083
Ratio 1: Asset Sufficiency Ratio 0 0 2Ratio 2: Debt Burden Ratio 13 7 7Ratio 3: Operating Reserve Ratio 0 0 2Ratio 4: Operating Margin Ratio 16 40 33Ratio 5: Deficit Fund Balance Ratio 0 0 0Ratio 6: Change in Fund Balance Ratio 6 21 17Total Indicators 35 68 61Total Districts With One orMore Indicators 26 49 43
Source: Analysis performed by the Office of the State Auditor, Local Government Audit Division using data from audited financial statements submitted by school districts.
1 Some districts had indicators in more than one category.2 Number of districts with indicators in prior analysis, which covered the three-year period ending June 30, 2009.3 Number of districts with indicators in prior analysis, which covered the three-year period ending June 30, 2008.
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Warning indicators do not always mean there is a problem◦ Planned capital expenditures◦ Deliberate spending of reserves
However – the more warning indicators, the greater the risk◦ Identify potential problems early
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Appendix A◦ Ratio descriptions, calculations, benchmarks,
warning indicators Appendix B
◦ Districts with two or more warning indicators◦ Comparison with prior year◦ District responses
Appendix C◦ Map
Appendix D◦ Data for all school districts
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Otis R-3 (Washington County)
Ouray R-1 (Ouray County)
Jefferson County (Jefferson, Broomfield)
Buena Vista R-31 (Chaffee County)
La Veta RE-2 (Heurfano County)
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Not necessarily a problem
Reasons centered around three themes◦ Various planned expenditures◦ Reductions in state school finance funding◦ Capital improvements
Plans to correct the situation◦ Budget cuts◦ Further spend down of fund balance◦ Apply for grants
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19 districts identified with two in 2010◦ Majority showed improvement◦ 13 districts had one last year – none this year◦ 3 districts decreased from two to one
Four districts with warning indicators in all three Fiscal Health Analysis reports◦ Hoehne◦ Platte Valley RE-3◦ Pritchett RE-3◦ Widefield 3
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Overall number of districts with warning indicators has declined
◦ 2011 – 6 districts
◦ 2010 – 19 districts
◦ 2009 – 15 districts
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Debt burden ratio◦ Decline in the ratios over the three year period◦ 2010 ratio less than one
Operating margin ratio◦ Decrease over the three year period◦ All three years less than zero
Decline in fund balance ratio◦ Decline in the ratios over the three year period◦ 2010 ending fund balance less than 2008
beginning fund balance.
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Debt burden ratio
Revenue in funds making debt service paymentsAnnual debt service payments
$166,083$185,400
Ratio calculation: .90
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Operating margin ratio
General fund total revenue –(general fund total expenditures (net)
General fund total revenues
General FundRevenues Expenditures
2008 $3,052,945 $3,241,735 2009 3,180,569 3,285,164 2010 3,692,252 3,823,548
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Operating margin ratio
General fund total revenue –(general fund total expenditures (net)
General fund total revenues
3,692,252 – (3,823,548+135,000)3,692,252
Ratio calculation: (0.07)
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Change in fund balance ratio
Current year fund bal of the general fund – prior year fund balancePrior year fund balance of the general fund
General Fund Balance2008 -
Beginning $1,659,8872008 1,385,765 2009 1,084,294 2010 775,206
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Change in fund balance ratio
Current year fund bal of the general fund – prior year fund balancePrior year fund balance of the general fund
775,206 – 1,041,5021,041,502
Ratio calculation: (0.26)
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Causes: uncollected property taxes◦ 6% of total General Fund revenues◦ Applied for financial assistance
Solutions: ◦ Spending limits◦ Reductions in staff◦ Checks and balances
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