Art history (Pre-historic art images)

PRE-HISTORIC ARTStone Age Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic

Metal Age Bronze Age Iron Age

Sunday, July 4, 2010

PRE-HISTORIC ART IN EUROPE

• Stone Age• Paleolithic Period Old stone Age

• Upper, Middle & Lower

• Mesolithic• Neolithic Period New Stone Age

• The Rise of Farming

• Neolithic Social Change

• The Bronze Age• The Iron Age

Handaxe

MESOAMERICAN PALEO-INDIANS KILLING A MASTODONNATIONAL MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY, MEXICO CITY

FIRST MADE FROM MAMMOTH BONES

UPPER PALEOLITHIC ART

• Mobile

Small, can be moved from place to place or traded

• Parietal

Paintings on cave wallsLarge carvings

BISONSunday, July 4, 2010

LION-HUMANHOHLENSTEIN-STADEL, GERMANY

MAMMOTH IVORY, 29.6CMULMER MUSEUM, ULM, GERMANY

probably male with a feline head

HORSES

baton or staff, found at Mas-d'Azil,

France

VENUS OF WILLENDORF

from Willendorf, Austriac. 25,000-21,000 B.C.

Limestone, 11.5 cm high

The 18“ Venus figure (France, 22,000 to 30,000 years ago)

holds what may be an incised bison horn

Mother Goddess Tarxien, Malta before 2500 bc

large bulbous legs covered by a pleated skirt, colossal figure surrounded by

smaller obese female figures

VARIATIONS OF FEMALE FIGURES

The Paleolithic Cave Paintings of Lascaux, France

(ca. 17,000 BP)

GREAT HALL OF BULLS

BACK TO BACK BISON

PANEL OF THE SWIMMING STAGS

STAG AT THE ENTRANCE

BISON TOWARDS THE BACK

CHINESE HORSE

SHAFT OF THE DEAD MAN

IBEXES - AXIAL GALLERY

SMALL HORSES PAINTED WITH RED AND YELLOW OCHRES

ALTAMIRA, SPAIN

CHAUVEX CAVE, FRANCE

HYAENA AND PANTHER

BEAR SKULL ON ROCK

OWL IN MUDPANEL OF LIONS

WALKING HORSE

RHINOS

PEOPLE AND ANIMALSDETAIL OF ROCK-SHELTER PAINTING, COGUL LERIDA, SPAIN, C.4000-2000BC

ANGONO PETROGLYPHS

PIGMENTS

SCULPTURE

In the Round In Relief high and low ‘bas relief ’

Bison, Tuc d’Audoubert, 13,000-18,000 bc unbaked clay, each 61cm long

CERAMICSunday, July 4, 2010

SHAMANISMOriginal cave Painting

Shaman, Trois-Freres caveDordogne, France 13,000-11,000 bc

Drawing by Henry Breuil

ARCHITECTUREPost and Lintel

MENHIR

DOLMEN AT JORDAN

DOLMEN IN INDIA

DOLMEN IN FRANCE

DOLMEN IN PORTUGAL

STONEHENGENEAR SALISBURY, ENGLAND

METAL AGETrundholm Sun Charriot

(Denmark)Sunday, July 4, 2010

ART OF ANCIENT NEAR EASTMESOPOTAMIA

✤ Neolithic Era (9000-4500/4000bc)- Jericho✤ Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)

✤ Uruk Period - 4500-3100 bc✤ Sumer - 2800-2300 bc✤ Akkad - 23400-2180 bc✤ Babylon - 1830-539 bc✤ Assyrian Empire - 1100-612 bc

✤ Anatolia - (modern Turkey) 1450-1200 bc✤ Ancient Iran - 5000-331 bc✤ The Scythians -(modern Russia & Ukraine) 8th-4th cent bc

Jericho Wallc. 8000-7000 bc - Mud Brick Rubble and Stone

Neolithic Skull from Jericho

Composite Reconstruction of Drawing of Chatal Huyuk, Turkey, c. 6500-5500 bc

Human FigureJordan, c, 7000-6000 bcfired lime plaster with cowrie shell, bitumen,and paint, 90 cm (35in)National Museum, Amman, Jordan

Warka HeadFace of a Woman

c. 3300-3000 bcmarble, 20.3cm (8in), Irag Museum, Baghdad

Nanna ZigguratMuqaiyir, Iraq, c. 2100-1050 bc

Ziggurat at Ur

Built for the moon god, Nanna, the ziggurat dates from the 2100s bc and

Carved Vase known a the Uruk VaseUruk,Iraq, c 3300-3000 bc, Alabaster, 91cm (36in), Iraq Museum, Baghdad

Votive Figuresc. 2900-2600 bc, limestone, alabaster and gypsum, The Square temple, Tell Asmar, Iraq, 76.3cm (30”)

Figures from Tell Asmar

The Great Lyre with the Bull’s Head

Front Panel, the sound box of the Great Lyre

Royal Tomb, Ur, Iraq, c. 2550-2400 bc, Wood with gold, silver, lapis lazuli, bitumen and ashell reassembled in modern wood support, height of head 35.6cm (14”), Museum ofArcheology, Philadelphia

Head of the Akkadian Kingc. 2300 bc

Votive Statue of Gudea (present day Telloh, Iraq)

c. 2090 bc, Diorite, 73.7cm (29”)Musee du Louvre, Paris

Stele of HammurabiSusa (present-day Shush, Iran)

c. 1792-1750 bc, 2.13cm (7ft.) DioriteMusee du Louvre, Paris

DaricA coin minted under Darius I of Persia4th century bc, GoldAshmolean Museum, Oxford

LamassuHuman-Headed Winged Lion, 883-859 bc Alabaster, 3.11cm

Colossal Gatewat figure, the palace of Assurnasirpal II, Mesopotamia, (present day Nimrud, Iraq)

Assurnasirpal in Killing LionsPalace complex of Assurnasir[al II, Iraq, c. 850 bc, Alabaster, 99.1cm (39”) British Museum, London

Air view of the ceremonial complex, Persepolis518-460 bc, Iran

Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tributec. 491-486 bc, limestone, 2.54m) (8‘4”) detail of a relief from the stairway leading to the Apadana (ceremonial complex) Persepolis, Iran

Ishtar Gate and Throne Room Wall

Reconstructed in a Berlin museum, originally from Babylon (today Iraq), c. 575 bc ; Glazed brick, height of gate originally 12.2m with towers rising 30.5m

Reconstruction Drawing of Babylon

Art of Ancient Egypt

Egypt and Nubia

Rosetta Stone196 bc, Basalt, 1.14m (3’9”), British Museum, London

Architecture and Sculptures

Pyramids

Mastaba

Imhotep’s Step Pyramid

Giza Pyramidslargest is the pyramid of Khufu with 2,300,000 stones weighing 6.5m tons

The Great Sphinxthe colossal statue at Khafre, Giza, sndstone, 66ft x 240ft

Temple at LuxorSunday, July 4, 2010

Temple at Al Karmak

Egyptian god Ptah

Death Mask of Tutankamun

133-1323 bcGold inlaid enamel with semi=precious stones

54 cm (21 in) high

Cat GoddessThis bronze figure with inlaid blue-glass eyes dates from Egyptʼs Late Period (712-332 bc). It shows the

ancient goddess Bast in the form of a cat.

Thutmose IV and MotherCarved from a single rectangular stone block, this

idealized, geometric sculpture represents the ancient Egyptian king Thutmose IV and his mother.

Seated statue of Khafrec. 2500 bc, diorite, 1.68cm (5’6”) high

Menkaure & Queen Khamerernebty

c. 2548-2530 bc, Slate, 1.39cm (4‘6.5”) high

Goddess Selket

Bed Carriage resembling a cowSunday, July 4, 2010

Interior of Tombs

Tomb of Queen Amonherkhepsef

Prince Rahotep and his wife,

Nofretpainted limestone, 1.2m high

Egyptian Museum, Cairo,Egypt

Seated Scribefound near the tomb of Kai, c. 2450-2325 bc

painted limestone with inlaid eyes of rock crystal, calcite, magnesium mounted on copper, 53cm (21in), Musee du Louvre

part of the Egyptian Book of the Dead

Hypostyle Hall, Temple of Amon at KarnakSunday, July 4, 2010

Tutankhamons’ Sarcophagus

Painting from Temple of Ramses III

Wall Paintings, Frescoes and Reliefs

Egyptian Canon of Proportions

Contributing to the sustainability of Egyptian style for over 2000 years, this system contributed to a conventional easily recognizable image.

The characteristic way of depicting the human figure:

shoulders and one eye are frontalhead, arms and legs are in profilewaist is nearly in profile but is turned enough to show the navel

Palette of Narmerc. 3000 bc, slate, 63.5cm (25 in) Egyptian Museum, Cairo,Egypt

Nebamun hunting birds, from the tomb, Thebes, Egypt

relief in tombs

Anubis and the Mummy

Amon-Ra, Father of the GodsSunday, July 4, 2010

EgyptianAmulets

Djed PillarWedjat Eye

Appyrus BudCrocodile

Falcon god HorusStone heart

Bes, god of music and dance

Ancient Egyptian Jewelries

• Kingship

• Death and Afterlife

• Religion

Egyptian Concepts:

Amarna Periodc. 1349-1336 bc

NefertitiAmarna Period, painted Limestone, 48cm (19in)

Staatliche Museum, Berlin, Germany

AkhenatenAmarna Period, Sandstone, 3.96m (13ft)

Staatliche Museum, Berlin, Germany

Akhenaten and Nefertiti and their childrenAmarna period, Limestone relief, 33x38cm (13x15in), Staatliche Museen, Berlin

Egypt and Nubia

Temple of Ramse IIAbu Simbel, Nubia, 1237 bc

a bit of political historyEgypt was conquered by:

Assyrians c. 673-657 bcPersians 525 bcAlexander the great 332 bcRomans in 58 bc and annexed it in 30bc6th-12th century = christianity12th to 14th century = infiltrated by various groups then it became muslim

The Aegean

CYCLADICCIVILAZATION

c. 3000 - 1200 b.c.

Two Figures of WomenCyclades c. 2500-2200, Marble 33cm & 63.4cm (13in & 25in)

Museum of Cyclade Art, Athens

Venus of Willendorf

Male Cyclidic flute player

from Keros, c. 2500-2200 bc, MarbleNational Archaeological Museum, Athens

Seated HarpKeros, Cyclades, c. 2700-2500 bc,

Marble, height 29.2m (11.5in), Museum of Cycladic Art, Athens

Discoveries at Thera

Landscape (spring fresco)Akrotiri, Thera Cyclades, before 1630 bc

Young Girl Gathering Saffron Crocus Flowers

Detail of wall painting, before 1630 bcThera Foundation, Greece

MINOANCIVILAZATION

c. 3000 - 1500 b.c.

Knossos, aerial photograph of the site

Reconstuction of the Palace ComplexKnossos, Crete, c 2000 - 1375 bc, as would have appeared during a New Palace Period

Bull LeapingWall painting with areas of modern reconstruction from the palace complex

Knossos, Crete, c. 1550-1450 bc, 62.3cm (24in)Archeological Museum, Iraklion, Crete

Snake Goddessfrom Knossos, c. 1600 bc, Faience

Octopus FlaskPalaikastro, Crete, c. 1500-1450 bcMarine style ceramic 28cm (11in)

Archeological Museum, Iraklion, Crete

Kamares Ware JugPhaistos, Crete, Old Palace Period, c. 2000-1900 bc, Archeological Museum

Iraklion, Crete

Harvester VaseHagia Triada, Crete, c. 1650-1450 bc

Steatite, diameter 11.3cm (4.5in)lower part of vase reconstructed

Archeological Museum, Iraklion, Crete

Pendant of Gold BeesChryssolakkos, near Mallia, Crete, c. 1700-1550 bc

Gold height approx 4.6cm (more than 1in)Archeological Museum, Iraklion, Crete

Bull’s Head RhytonPalace complex, Knossos, Crete

c. 1550-1450 bcSteatite with shell, rock crystal and jasper and

MYCENEANCIVILAZATION

c. 1600 - 1200 b.c.

Citadel at Mycenaeaerial view, site occupied c. 1600-1200 bc

walls built c. 1340, 1250, 1200 bc

Reconstruction of Citadel at MycenaeSunday, July 4, 2010

Lion’s Gate at Mycenae

c. 1250 bc, historic photo

Reconstruction Drawing of the Megaron in the Palace at Pylos,

“Goddess” from the citadel of Mycenae, c. 1200 bcNational Archaelogical Museum, Athens, Greece

Tholos, the so-called Treasury of AtreusMycenae, Greece, c. 1300-1200 bc

Cut-away Drawing of Tholos

Corbelled Vault, Interior of Tholos

Limestone vaultheight 14.48cm (47ft6in)

Mask of AgamemnonFunerary mask, from the royal tombs, Grave Circle A

Mycenae, Greece, c. 1600-1550 bc, Gold height approx 35cm (12in)National Archeological Museum, Athens

Vapheio CupFound near Sparta, Greece, c. 1650-1450 bc

Gold, height 3.9cm (3.5in)

Golden Lion’s HeadRhyton

Shaft grave IV, wouth of Lions Gate, Mycenae16th century bc

National Archaeological Museum, Athens

Flotilla Fresco, c.1650 bc, National Archiological Museum, Athens

Dagger Blade with Lion HuntShaft Grave IV, Grave Circle A, Mycenae, Greece, c. 1550-1500 bc

Bronze inlaid with gold, silver and niello, length 23.8cm (9.5in)National Archeological Museum, Athens

The Women with a ChildFound in the palace at Mycenae, Greece, c. 1400-1200 bc

Ivory, heoght 7.5cm (more than 2in)National Archaeological Museum, Athens

Warrior VaseMycenae, Greece, c. 1300-1100 bc, Ceramic, height 41cm (16in)

National Archaeological Museum, Athens

Man is the Measure of all Things

• emphasis on the individual

• view of death

• gods had human like qualities

• artists signed their works, both men and women

view of the Acropolis, AthensSunday, July 4, 2010

Geometric Style in Pottery

Geometric Amphora8th cent bc, terracotta

1.55m (5ft1in)

Orientalizing Style

Polyphemuos Painter, Amphora

The Northampton Vase

Archaic Style

Sculpture

KourosMarble, Archaic Period

Peplos KoreParian marble, 530 bc, 1.21m (11 2/3in)

Early Classical

Poseidon, with his trident

orZeus, hurling his thunderboltNational Archaeological Museum in Athens, Greece

Kritos BoyParian Marble, 86cm (33 7/8in)

Diskobolos, Myron(discuss thrower)

460-450 bc, marble copy of a bronze original, 1.53m (5ft)

Charioteer of Delphibronze

Classical

Reconstruction of the Parthenon, AthensMetropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Plan of the Parthenon

Golden Statue of Athena

East end of the Parthenon, Athens447-438 bc, Pentelic Marble, 33.8x72.2m (111x237 ft)

Orders of Greek Architecture

• Doric

• Ionic

• Corinthian

1. Doric Columnsat the the Parthenon

2. Ionic Columns at Propylaea

ionic column details

Parthenon Ionic Frieze

3. Corinthian Columns

Sculptures from the east pediment of the Parthenon

Parthenon Metopes

others Temples

Agora, Athens6th century bc

Temple of Hera I, Paestum and Hera II, Italy (in the foreground)

Temple of PoseidonPaestrum, Italy

CaryatidsSunday, July 4, 2010

Battle of Lapiths and Centaurs

Doryphorusspear thrower

Late Classical Style

Theater at Epidaurus

Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos

c. 350 bc, Marble, 2.05mMusei Vaticani, Rome

Hellenistic

BoxerBronze, 1.28m (4ft 2in)

c. 1st cent bcMuseo delle Terme, Rome

Laocoön and his two sonsMarble 7ft, Musei Vaticani, Rome

Nike (Victory) of Samothrace

Sanctuary of the Great Gods, Samothrace, c. 180 bc, Marble, 2.45m (8ft1in)Musee du Louvre, Paris, France

Venus de MiloMusee du Louvre

Veiled and Masked Dancer

3rd-2nd century bcbronze, height 20.7cm (8 1/8in)

Altar of Zeus, from Pergamonc. 175 bc, marble

Athena battling with Akyoneusfrom the great frieze of Pergamon Altar

c. 180 bc, Marble 2.29cm (7ft 6in)

LATE HELLENISTIC

Temple of ApolloDidyma, Turkey

Estruscan Art

Reconstruction drawing of 3 temples on the Arx of Cosa, c.100bc

ARCHITECTURE

Capitoline Wolfc. 500 bc, Bronze, 85.1cm high, Museo Capitolino, Rome

SCULPTURE

Wounded ChimeraBronze, 80cm high, from Arezzo, 2nd quarter of 4th century bc

Apollo of VeiiPainted terracotta, approx 1.78m (5ft10in) high

Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia, Rome

Mars of Todi4th cent bc, Bronze, 1.4m high

Musei Vaticani, Rome

scene from the back of a mirrorfrom Volterra, showing Uni (Hera) nursing

Bronze engraves, c.300bc, Museo Archeologico, Florence

Cinerary Urnfrom Chiusi, 7th cent bc, Hammered Bronze and terracotta, 83.8cm high, Museo Etrusco, Chiusi

FUNERARY ART

Mater Matutafrom Chianciano, near Chiusi

460-440 bcLimestone, lifesize, Florence

Urn in the shape of a hut

from Tarquinia 9th-8th cent bc

Tarquinia

Cinerary Urn in the form of a housefrom Chiusi, c. 650-700bc, Museo archeologico, Florence

interior of Tomb of ShieldsCerveteri, c. 600bc, approx 9x3.5m

Sarcophagus from Cerveteri, c.520bcPainted Terracotta, 2m long, Rome

Mourners at the Door of the Outer Worldtomb of Augurs, c.500bc

Tomb of the LeopardsTarquina, 480-470bc, Fresco

Sarcophagus of Ramtha Visnai

from Vulci, c.300-280 bcLimestone, 2.18x0.78m

ART OF ANCIENT ROME

CAPITOLINE WOLFc. 500 bc, Bronze, 85.1cm high, Museo Capitolino, Rome

REPUBLIC & TRANSITION TO EMPIRE

• Rules by Senate and patrician citizens

• Julius Ceasar

• Augustus/Octavian

EMPIRE• Julio-Claudian Dynasty - Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero

• Flavian Dynastry - Vespasian, Titus, Domitian

• The so-Called Good Emperors” - Neva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius

• Perios of political stability and econonic prosperity

• Beginning of Decline

• The Severan Dynasty - Septimus Severus, Caracalla, Severus Alexander

• Anarchy

• Period of Tetrarchs

• Last Empire

BUILDING MATERIALS AND METHODS

ROMAN COLUMNS

CORINTHIAN

TUSCAN (DORIC)Sunday, July 4, 2010

A groin vault viewed from the underside,

showing the arris or 'groin'.

Plan of the vault fromabove showing resultant

outward thrust.

Groin Vault from above.

ARCHITECTURAL TYPES

•Domestic Homes

•Public Buildings

DOMESTIC

•Homes

•Villas

HOUSE OF SILVER WEDDING

Atrium and peristyle

PLAN OF THE HOUSE OF FAUN

INSULA, OSTIARECONSTRUCTION

ROMAN INSULAE

HADRIAN’S VILLATIVOLI, ITALY

PLAN OF HADRIAN’S VILLASunday, July 4, 2010

THE VILLA AND THE PALACE

Canopus at Hadrian's Villa

PUBLIC BUILDINGS

•Forum

•Basilica

•Markets

•Public Baths

•Colosseum

•Circus

•Aqueducts

•Religious Temples

•Commemorative Architecture

•Triumphal Arch

•Tombs

ROMAN AND IMPERIAL FORUMS, ROME

Imperial Forum, Rome

BASILICA ULPIA

Basilica of Maxentius

ROMAN CITY PLANNING

TRAJAN’S MARKETS

MAIN HALL OF TRAJAN’S MARKET

RUINS, BATHS AT CARACALLA, ROME

PLAN & RESTORATION DRAWING OF BATHS

OF CARACALLA

THEATERS AND AMPHITHEATERS

The Colosseum in Rome (70-82)

PRESENT DAY RUINS OF THE COLOSSEUM

The ancient theater at Orange, France

CIRCUS400 - 600 M (1300-1970 FT)

AQUEDUCT AT PONT DU GARD, FRANCESunday, July 4, 2010

TEMPLE OF PORTUNUS, ROME

Maison Carrée, Nîmes

The Pantheon in Rome

ROMAN TEMPLES

WEST SIDE, ARA PACIS13-9 bc

COMMEMORATIVE ARCHITECTURE

SOUTH SIDE, ARA PACISMarble relief, approx 1.6m (5ft x 3in) high

TRAJAN’S COLUMNMarble, 4 lowest bands, 91.4cm

(36in) high each

The Arch of Constantine,

Triumphal Arch

MEDALLIONS, (HADRIANIC, AD117-138)

AND FRIEZE (CONSTANTINE, EARLY 4TH CENT)

SCULPTURAL TYPES

•Sarcophagi

•Portraits/Bust

•Equestrian Statue

•Mosaic and Mural Painting

PROMETHEUS SARCOPHAGUS, AD C. 110

Marble, Museo Capitolino, Rome

BUST OF JULIUS CEASAR

Marble, Musei Capitolino, Rome

PATRIARCH WITH TWO ANCESTOR BUSTS

Marble, Musei di Antichita, Turin

Marble, Musei Vaticani, Rome

BUST OF TRAJAN

BUST OF CARACALLAMarble, 36.2cm (1ft2.25in)

Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

CONSTANTINEMarble, 2.59cm (8ft 6in)Palazzo dei Conservatori

PORTRAITS OF FLAVIAN WOMEN

AUGUSTUS OF PRIMA PORTA

ANTINOUS

Marble, 2.03m (6ft 8in) highMusei Vaticani, Rome

Marble, 180cm (70in) highArcheological Museum

Delphi

EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF

MARCUS AURELIUSBronze, 3.hgh5m ( 11ft 6in) highPiazza del Campidoglio, Rome

ROMAN DOMUS

Roman Mosaic Floor

MOSAICS

Roman Mosaic, Piazza Armerina

The Grand Hunt

THE BATTLE OF ISSOSTHE “ALEXANDER MOSAIC”

FROM THE HOUSE OF AUN, POMPEII, 2ND CENT BC

FORESHORTENING OF THE HORSE

YOUNG WOMAN WITH A STYLUSRESCO, 28.9CM (11 3/8IN), POMPOEII

PORTRAIT PAINTING

Narcissus by the Pool Wall Painting, Pompeii, Italy

FIRST AND SECOND STYLE

The Citharist from StabiaSunday, July 4, 2010

THIRD STYLE

Landscape with Boats, Pompeii

STILL LIFE FROM HERCULANEUM

FOURTH STYLE

GEMS, CAMEOS, METAL WORK AND

Portland Vase

Metal work

glassSunday, July 4, 2010

Art history (Pre-historic art images)

Documents

Paintings From the Pre-historic Era

Pre-Historic/Ancient Near East

PRE HISTORIC SETTLEMENTS. ASIAN STUDIES

HISTORIC ART-DECO

The Aryan Question and Pre-Historic Man

Pre-historic Times

India : pre-historic and proto-historic periods

Pre-historic Arts

Pre historic man

Pre-historic Philippines Philippines

&1926 Staffordshire Historic School Pre-1920 … A Case for Listing ... Staffordshire Historic School Building Study Pre-1920 Schools Staffordshire Historic School Building Study Pre-1920

Pre historic slides; Mrs. Hill Art History CCA

Serra Capivara - paleolithic-neolithic.compaleolithic-neolithic.com/data/documents/Serra-Capivara.pdfSerra Capivara is the largest and oldest concentration of pre-historic rock art

History of People in Africa. Pre-Historic Africa

Pre-historic – paleolithic , mesolithic , neolithic

Pre historic art

PRE HISTORIC AND PROTO HISTORIC TIMES

Pre - Columbian Art

Georgia’s Pre-Historic Native Americans

Pre-Historic ART. Part I: Paleolithic Art PREHISTORY refers to the time before people developed a writing system