Architectural Drafting

By: Ryan RudeEDCI 270 SP 08

Audience7-8th gradersAny type of studentsIn a middle class rural communityIntroduction to drafting in architecture - meant

for students that have not taken a drafting class and have an interest in architecture.

EnvironmentStudents will work individuallyA computer will be provided for each studentA paper to write the lettering assignment on

ObjectiveGiven a PowerPoint the students will be able

to identify tools used in architecture, explain differences between line standards, and compose correct lettering techniques at a 60% accuracy.

OrientationPrevious

Students have learned the basic definitions in architecture and know what architecture is

PresentWill learn about tools, lines and lettering

FutureTake previous info to start drawing basic

homes

Indiana Technology StandardsStandard 1 – Understand how technology can

improve, manage, and help-control natural and man-made environments

Standard 6 – Identify societal and personal needs and opportunities that can be addressed through technology

Indiana Technology StandardsStandard 8 – Evaluate and select appropriate

solutions that address technological needs and opportunities

Standard 11 – Select the appropriate resources needed to produce and operate communication, construction, manufacturing, transportation, and other technological systems and artifacts

Indiana Technology StandardsStandard 12 – Select the appropriate

processes needed to produce or operate products, structures, and systems

Standard 14 – Appropriately operate technological devices and systems.

Introduction to Architectural Drafting

DirectionsYou are hired by a local group to design a house, but wait you don’t remember anything. This will be a two part crash course that will teach you everything you need to know to design a house. At the end there will a quiz you need to take.

Main MenuHow to use this

program

Architectural Tools LetteringLine Standards

Quiz

Once you start the quiz you will not be able to access other parts

How to Use This ProgramClick To go to

X

Next

Previous slide

Next slide

Main Menu

Last slide viewed

Next part of the slide

End the program

Not all of the buttons will be activated on each slide. Click the Main Menu button to start the program.

Architectural Tools

This section will cover the basic tools that would be used when drafting by hand. And yes hand drawings are still used even in this day and age.

PencilTwo types used:

WoodMechanical

Mechanicals are more commonly used by architects

They allow for hardness to be changed

ErasersErasers remove lines on the drawing• Use a separate one that doesn’t leave a trail• White erasers work well• Click for a few examples

A white eraser

Erasers ShieldsShields prevent people

from erasing important lines

Always use this when you can

As you can see it has a wide range of functions

PaperStandard sizes for architects vary below is a

list of the sizesA size is 9”x12”B size is 12”x18” (used in class)C size is 18”x24”D size is 24”x36”E size is 36”x48”

Triangles

These allow for quick lines to be drawn at common angles

30-60-90 Triangle 45-45-90 Triangle

ProtractorsMeasures angles through

180°Most can measure to ½ a

degreeSpecialized ones can

measure to 1/100 of a degree

Next

Center Point used to keep the protractor stationary

Angles go both directions

Architect ScaleThese help to make

larger drawings fit on a smaller pages

Sizes are based upon 12 divisions per foot

A 16 scale is what you normally use for measuring

CompassUsed to draw circles or

archesMost commonly used to

draw the swing of a doorKeep the lead sharp for

better lines

Next

Lead

Point – keeps the compass still

Adjusts the arch distance

Review: What is the dimensions of a B size Architectural paper?

12”x18”

24”x36”

9”x12”

A

B

C Use the navigation buttons to go back to find the answer

Review: What would allow you to draw a line at 42°?

Compass

Architect Scale

Protractor

A

B

C Use the navigation buttons to go back to find the answer

Click home to go start the next section

Line Standards

This section will cover the different types of lines that will be used in architectural drawings.

Border LinesThese heavy lines show the boundary of the

drawing

Next

Object LineThese are dark lines

that represent important objects

Generally portray walls, steps, fireplaces, doors, etc.

This type line will be used throughout most of the architectural drawings Click the picture to enlargeThe lines that make up the

walls are considered object lines. Note the difference from the border lines.

Hidden LinesShows edges that are

covered by object linesExample would be to

show two sets of cabinets in a kitchen (picture)

Center LinesIdentifies the center of

a symmetrical objectsUsually seen with

circles and archesTypically these lines

are not used in architectural drawings

Dimension LinesTell the size and location of the objectClarity is always clear for dimensionsMake sure to include units

Next

As you can see the dimensions tell you were the walls are located as well as how long each wall section is.

Next

Construction LinesHelp draw the

object before the final version

These are very light lines and should not be seen or on the final drawing

Review: What type of line show features that may not be seen?

Border

Hidden

Construction

A

B

C Use the navigation buttons to go back to find the answer

Review: What will be the most used line in an architectural drawing?

Center

Border

Object

A

B

CUse the navigation buttons to go back to find the answer

Click home to go start the next section

Lettering

Lettering is the method of communication in architecture. It must be clear and in all caps. Keep in mind here is not one correct way to letter

Types of LetteringThere is not one correct way to letterThere are two main types of lettering

ArchitectureMechanical

ArchitectureResembles an artwork format

MechanicalHas more of a straight line format

SpacingKeep the spacing between each letter

inconsistentThis adds interest to your lettering

Review: How many different ways are there to letter?

5

3

Infinite

A

B

CUse the navigation buttons to go back to find the answer

Click home to go start the next section

Quiz

This will be a 10pt quiz consisting of 5 questions and 1 lettering assignment. Write your answers on top of the lettering assignment, when you finish raise your hand for the teacher to pick up your lettering assignment. Once you start the quiz the back and home button will be deactivated.

What makes mechanical pencils more popular than wood pencils?

They are cheaper

They last longer

Easier to change the hardness of the lead

A

B

C

Next Question

IncorrectThe correct answer is that it is easier to

change the hardness of the lead. If you recall the different types of lines have different weights making the hardness important so that you don’t need to buy extra pencils.

If you need to say that an object is a certain distance from the middle of an object, what two types of lines would you use?

Hidden & Center

Dimension & Center

Border & Dimension

A

B

C

Next Question

IncorrectThe correct answer is Dimension and center

lines. Center lines identify the middle of an object. The dimension lines tell the length or location of an object from another object.

If you needed to draw a curve for a wall section which tool would you use?

Protractor

Compass

Architect Scale

A

B

C

Next Question

IncorrectThe correct answer is a compass. The

architect scale is meant for scaling lines to be smaller or larger. The protractor could be used; however, it could only be used for the specific size of the protractor. The compass allows you to adjust the size and secure it with the point.

When starting a drawing you use very light lines what are these lines called?

Border

Hidden

Construction

A

B

C

Next Question

IncorrectThe correct answer is Construction. Think of

construction of a house and the studs are like construction lines. They are important for the overall structure but are not seen in the final product. So the construction lines are to be very light to help you create the final drawing.

What is the dimension of a B size paper?

11”x17”

36”x48”

12”x18”

A

B

C

Next Question

IncorrectThe correct answer is 12”x18”. This is

something that you must know, we will be using this paper all year. Always remember B size is 12”18”.

Lettering Assignment

The best way to get better at lettering is to practice. On a sheet of paper I want you to write the alphabet 3 times. Try to vary the style between each set. Since this is an architecture class use an architectural style.

If you need examples click here.

Finished

Now raise your hand for the teacher to come record your score and pick up your lettering assignment. Hit the X button and shut down your computer.

X References

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Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://www.auctionbytes.com/cab/abu/y203/m02/abu0089/s04

BLW Exclusives. (2008). N scale tools. Retrieved March 17, 2008, from http://www.blwnscale.com

BuyOnlineNow.com. (2008). Sanford drawing pencil without eraser. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://www.buyonlinenow.com/viewproduct.asp?SKU=SAN2262

CGT 164. (n.d.). Lettering guidelines. Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://www2.tech.purdue.edu/cgt/Courses/cgt164/Lettering/Guidelines.htm

Intersites. (2008). Web site solutions from concept to completion. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://www.intersites.com/index.hml

Kicklighter, Clois E. (1973). Architecture redidential drawing and design. South Holland, IL: Goodheart-Willcox Compant.

Math is Fun. (n.d.). Degrees (angles). Retrieved March 17, 2008, from http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/degrees.html

Plexsupply.com. (2008). Office supplies. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://plexsupply.com/Pentel-Sharp-Mechanical-Pencil-.5mm-Lead/M/B0006VNFUU.htm

Ryverson University. (2004). Drawing to scale. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://www.ryerson.ca/rta/handbook/tvpaperwork/drawing_to_scale.htm

Scribbler. (2006). Erasers. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://www.scribblers.co.uk/ Stouls. (n.d.). Erasers. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from

http://www.stouls.com/pages/conservation_en/produits_conservation.php?gamme=17