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Ancient Civilizations: Egypt. Ventre’s Adventures. Geography & Environment. The Geography. On which continent is Egypt located? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Geography & Environment
• On which continent is Egypt located?
• Africa; in the northeastern region
The Geography
I. Location1. North Africa 2. Natural barriers: Mediterranean Sea,
Sahara Desert, Red SeaA. Result = less prone to invasion.
The Geography
• On which river did the ancient Egyptians settle?
• Nile River• WHY??
The Geography
The GeographyI. Nile River
1.World’s longest river (4130 miles)
2.“Gift of the Nile” annual flooding that deposits rich soil.
3.BenefitsA.Easy communication.B.Transportation.C.Ample water supply.
Upper
Lower
Menes
Upper vs Lower
Society
Great to be an Egyptian?• A social
hierarchy not locked in.
• Possible to change status via marriage, personal success, etc.
Royal Family
Upper Class:Priests, Army, Gov’t
Middle Class:Merchants and Artisans
Lower Class:Peasant Farmers and Laborers
IntellectualHistory
Writing• Earliest form of
writing = pictograph
The Importance of Writing• In hieroglyphics:• Images stand for ideas,
as well as for sounds• The image of an OWL stands for
the m sound, as well as for the bird itself
The Importance of Writing• Hieroglyphics: developed from
pictographs• Images stand for ideas,
as well as for sounds
Papyrus- A paper-like material - Now scribes could write on a more compact surface, instead of stone or clay.
As the Egyptian civilization declined, any chance of deciphering hieroglyphics was lost….
Rosetta Stone
Religion & Government
• Polytheism: • The worship of
many gods• Worshipped
2000+ gods and goddesses
Egyptian Religion
Ra – the sun god.
He was the most
important god of the
ancient Egyptians.
Isis – the protective goddess. She used powerful magic to
help people in
need.Anubis – the god of
embalming and
the dead.
Osiris – god of
the dead, and ruler
of the underwor
ld.
Brother and Sister
Seth – the god of chaos.
Atum – the
creator god.
Believed to be the first god to exist.
Sekhmet –
goddess of war.
Horus – god of
the sky. Protector
of the pharaoh.
Who is this?
Egyptian Government
• Theocracy: • Type of gov’t
in which rule is based upon religious authority
Egyptian Government
• Pharoh• Egyptians believed that their
kings, or pharaohs, WERE gods• Pharaohs VERY POWERFUL!• Ruled religion, government &
military
What is Ka?• Egyptians
believed that the Pharaohs possessed an eternal life force, also known as ka
What is Ka?• Ka allowed pharaohs to rule for
all of eternity; therefore, their tombs were even more important than their palaces on earth
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