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Amendments to the U.S. Constitution
11th Amendment - 1795 First amendment created after the original ten (The
Bill of Rights)
Came after the decision in the court case Chisholm v. Georgia
Immunity of states from lawsuits by out-of-state citizens & foreigners not living within the state borders.
You cannot sue another state without their consent
12th Amendment - 1804
Changed how Presidents ran for office
Presidents & Vice Presidents were voted for separately which could result in president’s and vice president’s being from different parties
Ensured that the president and vice president were voted on independently from the other, making sure both positions went to candidates from the same party
13th Amendment - 1865
Came after the end of the Civil War
Abolished (got rid of) Slavery
Allows congress to create proper legislation to enforce the abolishment of slavery
Considered the first of three reconstruction amendments
14th Amendment - 1868
Proposed in response to issues related to former slaves
Citizenship is given to ANYONE born in the United States.
Equal protection under the law Eliminated 3/5ths Compromise Second of Three reconstruction
amendments Supreme Court case deciding
same-sex marriage will be based on this amendment.
15th Amendment - 1870
The government cannot deny the right to vote to citizens based on race, color, or previous servitude
Proposed by Republicans
Would not be fully imposed until the Voting Rights Act of 1965
Third of three reconstruction amendments
16th Amendment – 1913
Gave the federal government the right to levy an income tax
An income tax was authorized in 1894 and then found unconstitutional. In response to the verdict given by the Supreme Court, Congress created this amendment
Required by those who have earned any income throughout the previous year
Taxes are due on April 15th each year
17th Amendment - 1913
Direct election of Senators People in the states would elect the Senators instead of
them being appointed by the state legislatures like they had originally been under the original text in the Constitution
Considered a progressive amendment The Framers to the Constitution originally wanted state
legislatures to elect senators so that state governments could play a role in the federal government. This had led to many corrupt senators being chosen to
represent states in the U.S. Congress
18th Amendment - 1919
Came to be based on the Progressive Era and because many states in the U.S. had already enacted statewide prohibition
Prohibition – no making, selling, or purchasing alcohol. Thought consuming or private possession was not mentioned
Originally considered a progressive amendment
Due to this amendment the crime rate increased significantly.
19th Amendment - 1920 The government cannot deny the
right to vote based on gender Originally drafted in 1878 and was
sought to be included in the reconstruction amendments
Created in response to women’s rights advocates
In 1922 the Lesser v. Garnett Supreme Court case, the 19th amendment was upheld
Considered a progressive amendment
20th Amendment - 1933
Moved the Presidential inauguration from March 4 to January 20
Moved the terms of Congress from March 4 to January 3
Created to limit the “lame duck” period in office (where many feel the politician leaving the office has little influence)
It also stated what to do when there is no President-elect
21st Amendment - 1933
Repealed the 18th AmendmentAllowed alcoholCreated because the ratification
of the 18th amendment had lead to increased crime rates and was strongly opposed throughout the United States
22nd Amendment - 1951 Presidents can only be elected to two terms of office. Precedent was set by President Washington to serve
no more than two terms Only President to serve more than two terms was
Franklin D. Roosevelt Created after FDR died in office, a year after he was
elected to his fourth term Was created to ensure the executive office would not
gain too much power
23rd Amendment - 1961
Washington, D.C. is not a state therefore it was not given voting rights or representation
Amendment came in response to arguments that states with lower populations than D.C. could vote but they could not
Washington, D.C. is given 3 votes in the Electoral College.
They can vote for President.
24th Amendment - 1964
Several states tried to get around allowing African Americans to vote by requiring them to pay unaffordable amounts in order to practice their 15th amendment right, Congress created this amendment to combat this problem
Poll taxes are not allowed.
25th Amendment - 1967
If the President dies, the Vice President takes over.
Then he/she gets to select a new Vice President.
Came after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, in case the country were to see the loss of a President and Vice President
26th Amendment - 1971
18 year olds can vote! Came in response to
the Vietnam War. It did not seem fair that 18 year olds were being asked to serve their country but could not vote in elections
27th Amendment - 1992
Originally proposed in 1789Congress can give itself a raise, but
it won’t take effect until a new Congress starts. A new Congress takes place
every 2 years
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