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Agricultural, Water, and Health-Related Satellite
Products from NESDIS-STAR
Felix Kogan
NOAA/NESDIS
Center for Satellite Applications and Research
October 2010
2
AVHRR Data for Land Use
Sensor: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)
Satellites: NOAA-7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 17 (morn.), 18, 19
Data Resolution: Spatial - 4 km (GAC), 8 & 16 km;
Temporal - 7-day composite
Period: 30-year (1981-2010)
Coverage: World (75 N to 55 S)
Channels: VIS (ch1), NIR (ch2), Thermal (ch4, ch5)
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THEORY
Crops’ Reflectance (Citrus, Tomatoes, Sorghum, Cotton)
VIS reflectance depends on
CHLOROPHYLL
CAROTENOID
NIR reflectance depends on
WATER CONTENT
CELL STRUCTURE
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NDVI & Reflectance
Cover Type Ch1 Ch2 NDVI
Vegetation: Dense .050 .150 0.500
Medium .080 .110 0.140
Light .100 .120 0.090
Bare Soil .269 .283 0.025
Clouds .227 .228 0.002
Water .022 .013 -0.26
NDVI= (Ch2-Ch1)/(Ch2+Ch1)
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NDVI & Smoothed NDVI
Eliminate high frequency noiseEmphasize seasonal cycleSeparate medium & low frequency variations
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AVHRR PRODUCTS Vegetation condition index (VCI), values 0 - 100
VCI=(NDVI-NDVImin)/(NDVImax-NDVImin)
NDVImax, and NDVImin – climatology (1981-2000 maximum and minimum NDVI for a pixel;
Temperature condition index (TCI), values 0 - 100
TCI=(BTmax-BTmin)/(BTmax-BTmin)
NDVImax, and NDVImin – climatology (1981-2000 maximum and minimum NDVI for a pixel
Vegetation Health Index (VHI), values 0 – 100
VHI=a*VCI+(1-a)*TCI
0 – indicates extreme stress
100 – indicates favorable conditions
MOISTURE
THERMAL
VEG. HEALTH
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VH and Crop YieldMOROCCO -WheatMOROCCO -Wheat
MONGOLIA - PastureMONGOLIA - Pasture
RUSSIA
ARGENTINA
Kansas, USA
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Correlation of Wheat Yield anomaly with VH Indices, Precipitation & Temperature anomaly
Saratov, RUSSIA
dY vs VHI, VCI & TCI
dY vs dP
dY vs dT
Yield
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Vegetation Health and Agriculture, UKRAINE
2003 – Intensive Drought (red) caused 35% losses in grain yield (1.84 t/ha) versus the years before and after
2002 & 2004 – NOAA-16 satellite identify good vegetation health (green) resulted in high yield 2.75 & 2.84 t/ha
ADDRESS:
- Ecosystem Health
- Agriculture
- Food Security
PLANUse NOAA/AVHRR Data 4 km resolution
2.7
1.8
2.8
t/ha
2007 Drought Dynamics: Focus on Southern RUSSIA & UKRAINE
from NOAA-18 Vegetation Health Index (VHI)
-Vegetation Health (red) deteriorated from April through the end of the growing season, especially in the main areas of winter wheat-VHI is derived from NOAA/AVHRR data and estimates greenness, vigor and thermal conditions of vegetation
UKRAINERussia
Turkey
Rumania
Beloruss
Bulgaria Georgia
Syria Iraq
Area (% from a state) of saturated and flooded soilMidwestern states, USA, 2008
Week
MAY JUNE MAY JUNE
%
1 15 31 1 15
Wheat Yield RUSSIA
Russia produces 65% WW & 35% SW• Figure shows dynamics of Vegetation health (VH)• 2007 WW analogue was 2001 VH• WW yield is expected at or 1-3% below LTT or 1.9 t/ha
• Figure shows dynamics of Vegetation health (VH)• 2007 SW analogue was 2001 VH• SW yield is expected 5-7% above long-term trend (LTT)
Total wheat is expected at or slightly below LTT (1.96 t/ha)
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