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A Template For WECS Integration to A Template For WECS Integration to Small Power GridsSmall Power GridsJason. C. ChadeeJason. C. ChadeeChandrabhan SharmaChandrabhan SharmaKathryn YoungKathryn Young
Agenda
Overview of SATIS 1999 vs. SATIS 2003 Global Wind Market Summary Update- Fernando High Level discussion on WECS Integration template Template Implementation to John Dial Site, Tobago
Hard figures (not an overview) on the tremendous and viable prospect for commercial wind power generation
Conclusion and Next Steps Contact Information Q&A audience discussion
““Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project Anymore”Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project Anymore”
GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003 GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003
Energy Systems Group Wind Research SATIS 1999
Initial General Framework for WECS Integration- Conceptual
SATIS 2003 Defined End-to-End Solution for WECS Integration- Template Template Application with Logged Data- John Dial, Tobago In-house Developed Software Products Suite
Some Latest News Carbon Emissions still on the increase – UNFCC
Europe, Japan & US 17% > 1990 levels (Kyoto Protocol)
AusWEA reports doubling in wind installations (106 MW – 227MW) in last 6 months. 10% target from renewables by 2010.
UK massive offshore expansion of 6000MW by 2010. 10% 2010 target.
World Bank approved US$20 B for Phillippines Rural Electrification Programme. EWEA sets sights on 180,000MW Wind in Europe by 2020.
President European Commission visions zero carbon energy system by 2050.
GE Wind 1 year on- Sales up 40% (US$2 B in new orders).
Problem DefinitionProblem Definition
Problems Limited literature of WECS integration to small grids The need for a generalized template in view of the rapid
growth of global WECS installations (35% annually, from 1995 – 2002, currently 31,000MW installed capacity globally)
Proposal A scientific method for WECS integration in the form of a
template John Dial is used as an illustration
U C E
W E C SS e lec tio n
P o w e r F lo w
A n a lys is
IR R
C a p a c ityC re d it
E n e rg y V a lu e
W in d M e a nS p e e d D a ta
T ra n s ie n ts ta b ility an a lys is
W E C SIn te g ra tio n
E co n o m ic
W E C S va lu e
E lec tr ic a l e ffe c to n th e g rid
E c o n o m icA n a ly s is
U C E
W in dR e so u rc e
A sse ssm e n t(W R A )
W E C SS e le c tio n
R e lia b ilityS tu d y
P o w e rF lo w
F a u ltA n a ly s is
IR R
C a p a c ityC re d it
E n e rg yV a lu e
H o u rly
(Jo h n D ia l)(2 0 0 1 )
D y n a m ic &T ra n s ie n tS ta b ility A n a ly s is
F e a s ib ili ty o f
E c o n o m ic
W E C S v a lu e to
E le c tr ic a le ffe c t
o n th e g r id
F e a s ib ili ty
th e u til i ty
Template
INTEGRATION VALUEINTEGRATION VALUE
ExploratoryPhase
PlanningPhase
DirectionOther WRA
Factors Speed
w inddirection &frequency
distribution
w indrose
joint TI &direction
distribution
joint w indshear &
directiondistribution
W indShear Mean w ind
speed
DiurnalPatterns
SpeedDuration
W ind speedfrequency
curves
EnergyDensity
MeanPow er
Density
Time SeriesModeling
MathematicalModeling
T I
WRA
Wind Profile of John Dial
Annual mean wind speed – 4.9 m/s at 10m Class 5 site at 50m At a hub height of 50m, a typical turbine will operate 77% of the
year Moderate turbulence at 10m Most persistent and energetic winds - NNE Diurnal pattern is consistently bell shaped Dry season months are windier Annual wind shear exponent of 0.29
WECS Selection MethodologySize &
Composition ofSystem
CapacityFactor &AverageEnergy
Production
OptimumRated W ind
Speed
Select optimum turbinefrom available
commercial turbines
QualitativeFeatures
OverallRated
Efficiency
Desired featuresof "ideal" turbine
Decide on designoptions that the
particular turbineoffers
Results - John Dial case study
Ht(m)
Turbine Rated overall
efficiency
CF Ep MWh/yr
Specific Yield
kWh/yr/m2
VR
65 Sudwind1500
43 45.6 5985 1555 11.6
65 GE 1500 38.2 48.7 6397 1374 12
65 Vestas 2000 20.3 46.3 8119 1615 15
65 Lagerwey
200039.3 40.8 7149 1795 13
80 Vestas 2000 20.3 49.7 8707 1732 15
80 Lagerwey 2000
39.3 44.3 7768 1951 13
Vestas V80-2MW
Low efficiency Superior energy production – 8707MWh/yr High Capacity Factor – 49.7% Rated wind speed – 15 m/s Induction motor with planetary gearbox
Wind Energy Economics Establish factors that affect wind energy economics Unit Cost of Electricity (UCE) & Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
ENERGYPRODUCTION
FINANCINGENERGYSELLING
PRICE
COST OFENERGY (UCE)
INTERNAL RATE OFRETURN (IRR)
Results - John Dial case study
Wind Generation UCE = 2.15 - 3.38 US cents/kWh IRR = 10%-18%
Conventional generation UCEave = 3.5US cents/kWh
WECS Reliability Study
Determines the value or worth of the WECS to the utility Capacity Credit Energy value
Assesses the impact of WECS penetration on system reliability
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Peak Load Power (MW)
LOLE
(hrs
/yr)
Base Case 4 turbines (rated capacity 8MW)
ELCC = 4.21MW
ELCC for 4 turbines
Results - John Dial case study
Total rated WECS
generation
Penetration of WECS
Capacity Credit (MW)
Reduction in LOEE
(MWh/yr)
2 9.7 - 745
4 19.3 1.45 1238
6 30 2.4 1588
8 38 3.33 1807
Electrical Effect of WECS on gridElectrical Effect of WECS on grid
Power Flow Short Circuit Analysis Stability
Changing wind speeds Transient stability
WECS 133
SCARBOROUGH78
COURLAND 77
TOCO LINK 75
FURUKAW A
P IRELL I
TO THE REST OF THE GRID
MILFORD 76
WECS Connection
User written model Vw
Vw >VR
Vw< VF
Pmech >MAX Pmech
Vw >VC
Calculate PmechPmech = 0Pmech = 0
Pmech = MAX Pmech
Calculate time derivative of Pmech
Scenarios
Case 1 - Changing wind speed at 1 m/s every 10sec Case 2 - Changing wind speed at 1 m/s every 0.5sec Case 3 - An 18 m/s gust for 5 sec Case 4 - Fault at Scarborough bus
Conclusions
Developed an improved WRA Developed a novel method to select the most suitable turbine Quantified WECS profitability from two perspectives (normally
UCE is only used) Quantified the WECS value via the capacity credit (important) Investigated electrical effects of WECS integration
power flow & short circuit analyses stability analysis – developed a user written wind turbine
model for PSS/E
WECS integration into a small grid was thoroughly examined
Highlighted major issues and concerns of WECS integration
Illustrated a real world application of template (actual wind speed data, actual grid & commercial turbines)
Template can provide user with a holistic view and comprehensive understanding from several perspectives
U C E
W E C SS e lec tio n
P o w e r F lo w
A n a lys is
IR R
C a p a c ityC re d it
E n e rg y V a lu e
W in d M e a nS p e e d D a ta
T ra n s ie n ts ta b ility an a lys is
W E C SIn te g ra tio n
E co n o m ic
W E C S va lu e
E lec tr ic a l e ffe c to n th e g rid
E c o n o m icA n a ly s is
U C E
W in dR e so u rc e
A sse ssm e n t(W R A )
W E C SS e le c tio n
R e lia b ilityS tu d y
P o w e rF lo w
F a u ltA n a ly s is
IR R
C a p a c ityC re d it
E n e rg yV a lu e
H o u rly
(Jo h n D ia l)(2 0 0 1 )
D y n a m ic &T ra n s ie n tS ta b ility A n a ly s is
F e a s ib ili ty o f
E c o n o m ic
W E C S v a lu e to
E le c tr ic a le ffe c t
o n th e g r id
F e a s ib ili ty
th e u til i ty
Template
INTEGRATION VALUE &INTEGRATION VALUE &
SOFTWARE SUITESSOFTWARE SUITES
Is John Dial Suitable For Wind Generation?
ABSOLUTELY ! Mean wind speed Class 5 site at 50m (Very good) 2MW WECS – 8707MWh/yr and CF = 49% UCE between 2 – 3 US cents/kWh WECS can displace 40% of similarly rated conventional generation No adverse electrical effects for small WECS penetration (<10%)
Increases bus bar voltages near WECS Increases stiffness of the grid Voltage and frequency deviations are insignificant despite
wind speed variation
sm /5
Next Steps
MEEI, TTEC & UWI JV’s to accelerate Commercialisation- No pilot Project but a Plan of Action
Public Awareness Campaign & Education UWI Wind Energy Workshop 2004 Rural Electrification Wind Powering Tobago
““Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project Anymore”Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project Anymore”
GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003 GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003
ENERGY SYSTEMS GROUP URL:http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/elec/ugrad/deptgrps/nrgysys2.html
Email: sharma@uwi.tt
THANK YOUTHANK YOUQUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?
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