A Template For WECS Integration to A Template For WECS Integration to Small Power GridsSmall Power GridsJason. C. ChadeeJason. C. ChadeeChandrabhan SharmaChandrabhan SharmaKathryn YoungKathryn Young

Agenda

Overview of SATIS 1999 vs. SATIS 2003 Global Wind Market Summary Update- Fernando High Level discussion on WECS Integration template Template Implementation to John Dial Site, Tobago

Hard figures (not an overview) on the tremendous and viable prospect for commercial wind power generation

Conclusion and Next Steps Contact Information Q&A audience discussion

““Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project Anymore”Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project Anymore”

GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003 GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003

Energy Systems Group Wind Research SATIS 1999

Initial General Framework for WECS Integration- Conceptual

SATIS 2003 Defined End-to-End Solution for WECS Integration- Template Template Application with Logged Data- John Dial, Tobago In-house Developed Software Products Suite

Some Latest News Carbon Emissions still on the increase – UNFCC

Europe, Japan & US 17% > 1990 levels (Kyoto Protocol)

AusWEA reports doubling in wind installations (106 MW – 227MW) in last 6 months. 10% target from renewables by 2010.

UK massive offshore expansion of 6000MW by 2010. 10% 2010 target.

World Bank approved US$20 B for Phillippines Rural Electrification Programme. EWEA sets sights on 180,000MW Wind in Europe by 2020.

President European Commission visions zero carbon energy system by 2050.

GE Wind 1 year on- Sales up 40% (US$2 B in new orders).

Problem DefinitionProblem Definition

Problems Limited literature of WECS integration to small grids The need for a generalized template in view of the rapid

growth of global WECS installations (35% annually, from 1995 – 2002, currently 31,000MW installed capacity globally)

Proposal A scientific method for WECS integration in the form of a

template John Dial is used as an illustration

U C E

W E C SS e lec tio n

P o w e r F lo w

A n a lys is

IR R

C a p a c ityC re d it

E n e rg y V a lu e

W in d M e a nS p e e d D a ta

T ra n s ie n ts ta b ility an a lys is

W E C SIn te g ra tio n

E co n o m ic

W E C S va lu e

E lec tr ic a l e ffe c to n th e g rid

E c o n o m icA n a ly s is

U C E

W in dR e so u rc e

A sse ssm e n t(W R A )

W E C SS e le c tio n

R e lia b ilityS tu d y

P o w e rF lo w

F a u ltA n a ly s is

IR R

C a p a c ityC re d it

E n e rg yV a lu e

H o u rly

(Jo h n D ia l)(2 0 0 1 )

D y n a m ic &T ra n s ie n tS ta b ility A n a ly s is

F e a s ib ili ty o f

E c o n o m ic

W E C S v a lu e to

E le c tr ic a le ffe c t

o n th e g r id

F e a s ib ili ty

th e u til i ty

Template

INTEGRATION VALUEINTEGRATION VALUE

ExploratoryPhase

PlanningPhase

DirectionOther WRA

Factors Speed

w inddirection &frequency

distribution

w indrose

joint TI &direction

distribution

joint w indshear &

directiondistribution

W indShear Mean w ind

speed

DiurnalPatterns

SpeedDuration

W ind speedfrequency

curves

EnergyDensity

MeanPow er

Density

Time SeriesModeling

MathematicalModeling

T I

WRA

Wind Profile of John Dial

Annual mean wind speed – 4.9 m/s at 10m Class 5 site at 50m At a hub height of 50m, a typical turbine will operate 77% of the

year Moderate turbulence at 10m Most persistent and energetic winds - NNE Diurnal pattern is consistently bell shaped Dry season months are windier Annual wind shear exponent of 0.29

WECS Selection MethodologySize &

Composition ofSystem

CapacityFactor &AverageEnergy

Production

OptimumRated W ind

Speed

Select optimum turbinefrom available

commercial turbines

QualitativeFeatures

OverallRated

Efficiency

Desired featuresof "ideal" turbine

Decide on designoptions that the

particular turbineoffers

Results - John Dial case study

Ht(m)

Turbine Rated overall

efficiency

CF Ep MWh/yr

Specific Yield

kWh/yr/m2

VR

65 Sudwind1500

43 45.6 5985 1555 11.6

65 GE 1500 38.2 48.7 6397 1374 12

65 Vestas 2000 20.3 46.3 8119 1615 15

65 Lagerwey

200039.3 40.8 7149 1795 13

80 Vestas 2000 20.3 49.7 8707 1732 15

80 Lagerwey 2000

39.3 44.3 7768 1951 13

Vestas V80-2MW

Low efficiency Superior energy production – 8707MWh/yr High Capacity Factor – 49.7% Rated wind speed – 15 m/s Induction motor with planetary gearbox

Wind Energy Economics Establish factors that affect wind energy economics Unit Cost of Electricity (UCE) & Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

ENERGYPRODUCTION

FINANCINGENERGYSELLING

PRICE

COST OFENERGY (UCE)

INTERNAL RATE OFRETURN (IRR)

Results - John Dial case study

Wind Generation UCE = 2.15 - 3.38 US cents/kWh IRR = 10%-18%

Conventional generation UCEave = 3.5US cents/kWh

WECS Reliability Study

Determines the value or worth of the WECS to the utility Capacity Credit Energy value

Assesses the impact of WECS penetration on system reliability

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

10 12 14 16 18 20 22

Peak Load Power (MW)

LOLE

(hrs

/yr)

Base Case 4 turbines (rated capacity 8MW)

ELCC = 4.21MW

ELCC for 4 turbines

Results - John Dial case study

Total rated WECS

generation

Penetration of WECS

Capacity Credit (MW)

Reduction in LOEE

(MWh/yr)

2 9.7 - 745

4 19.3 1.45 1238

6 30 2.4 1588

8 38 3.33 1807

Electrical Effect of WECS on gridElectrical Effect of WECS on grid

Power Flow Short Circuit Analysis Stability

Changing wind speeds Transient stability

WECS 133

SCARBOROUGH78

COURLAND 77

TOCO LINK 75

FURUKAW A

P IRELL I

TO THE REST OF THE GRID

MILFORD 76

WECS Connection

User written model Vw

Vw >VR

Vw< VF

Pmech >MAX Pmech

Vw >VC

Calculate PmechPmech = 0Pmech = 0

Pmech = MAX Pmech

Calculate time derivative of Pmech

Scenarios

Case 1 - Changing wind speed at 1 m/s every 10sec Case 2 - Changing wind speed at 1 m/s every 0.5sec Case 3 - An 18 m/s gust for 5 sec Case 4 - Fault at Scarborough bus

Conclusions

Developed an improved WRA Developed a novel method to select the most suitable turbine Quantified WECS profitability from two perspectives (normally

UCE is only used) Quantified the WECS value via the capacity credit (important) Investigated electrical effects of WECS integration

power flow & short circuit analyses stability analysis – developed a user written wind turbine

model for PSS/E

WECS integration into a small grid was thoroughly examined

Highlighted major issues and concerns of WECS integration

Illustrated a real world application of template (actual wind speed data, actual grid & commercial turbines)

Template can provide user with a holistic view and comprehensive understanding from several perspectives

U C E

W E C SS e lec tio n

P o w e r F lo w

A n a lys is

IR R

C a p a c ityC re d it

E n e rg y V a lu e

W in d M e a nS p e e d D a ta

T ra n s ie n ts ta b ility an a lys is

W E C SIn te g ra tio n

E co n o m ic

W E C S va lu e

E lec tr ic a l e ffe c to n th e g rid

E c o n o m icA n a ly s is

U C E

W in dR e so u rc e

A sse ssm e n t(W R A )

W E C SS e le c tio n

R e lia b ilityS tu d y

P o w e rF lo w

F a u ltA n a ly s is

IR R

C a p a c ityC re d it

E n e rg yV a lu e

H o u rly

(Jo h n D ia l)(2 0 0 1 )

D y n a m ic &T ra n s ie n tS ta b ility A n a ly s is

F e a s ib ili ty o f

E c o n o m ic

W E C S v a lu e to

E le c tr ic a le ffe c t

o n th e g r id

F e a s ib ili ty

th e u til i ty

Template

INTEGRATION VALUE &INTEGRATION VALUE &

SOFTWARE SUITESSOFTWARE SUITES

Is John Dial Suitable For Wind Generation?

ABSOLUTELY ! Mean wind speed Class 5 site at 50m (Very good) 2MW WECS – 8707MWh/yr and CF = 49% UCE between 2 – 3 US cents/kWh WECS can displace 40% of similarly rated conventional generation No adverse electrical effects for small WECS penetration (<10%)

Increases bus bar voltages near WECS Increases stiffness of the grid Voltage and frequency deviations are insignificant despite

wind speed variation

sm /5

Next Steps

MEEI, TTEC & UWI JV’s to accelerate Commercialisation- No pilot Project but a Plan of Action

Public Awareness Campaign & Education UWI Wind Energy Workshop 2004 Rural Electrification Wind Powering Tobago

““Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project Anymore”Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project Anymore”

GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003 GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003

ENERGY SYSTEMS GROUP URL:http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/elec/ugrad/deptgrps/nrgysys2.html

Email: sharma@uwi.tt

THANK YOUTHANK YOUQUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?