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MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE(III- XVI. C.)
Pre-romanesque architecture(V-X. C.)
Historic contribution:
The native population of Europe –who was Celtic by far the greatest
number- was „Romanised” by the ever lasting expansion of the
Roman Empire.
The tribes of German and Iranian origin settled down east to the line
of rivers Danube and Rheine was thrust up by the wave generated
by the Huns, who swapped the Scythian and Iranian horse-rider
nomadic people away from the Eurasian steppe from the 4th
Century.
The immediate appearance
of the Huns at the borders of
the Empire starts a massive
immigration into the Empire.
(373: fall of the Visigothic
kingdomb at river Don; 376:
they applie for entrance into
the territory of the Empire;
395: the campaign of the
Huns set the people of
Central-Europe in motion.)
Historic contributions:
The Burgundians and Turinghians the first invaders in 406 were
pushed by the Svebians, Alemanians and Heruls, who were forced
towards the west by the Marcomans, Gepides és Sarmates. Than
others followed them: Francs, Vandals, Gothes… The invaders
established their own kingdombs as „foederati” accepted some
dependences from the Imperial power. Their former territory was
occupied by the Slavic tribes dependent under the Huns.
Barbarian kingdombs:
Western Gothic (419-711),
Eastern Gothic (495-540),
Vandal (421-533),
Burgundian (443-533),
Longobardian (568-771),
Anglo-Saxon (449, 494- 1066)
Franc (495-987).
Some oter ethnic cultures were
inserted in later into these Germanic
and Slavic world like the Varchun
(464-803), Arabic (711-1495),
Hungarian (895-), and Norman (911-).
Codex in Kells (800 k.)
Preromanesque Architecture I.Scattered Monuments in the times of the Great Migration
Köln: St. Gereon (380)
Milano: San Lorenzo (355-372) Zadar:San Donato (805)
Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration
A.) The appearance of the forms of the Antic („dead”) Rome
S. Etsmiadzin (5. C.) – S. Germigny-des-Pres (-806.)
Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration
B.) Eastern („living”) Rome : the appearance of the forms of Byzantium
Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration
B.) Eastern („living”) Rome : the appearance of the forms of Byzantium
S. Germigny-des-Pres (-806.)
Hexham: monastery-church - Brixworth: basilika (670.k.)
Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration
C.) Appearance of the „gallican” versions of the forms of Early Christian Rome
León: San Miguel de la Escalada (-951) – local „mozarabic” heritage in Iberia
Aszturia: San Salvador de Valdedios (-893)
Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration
C.) Appearance of the „gallican” versions of the forms of Early Christian Rome
Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration
C.) Appearance of the „gallican” versions of the forms of Early Christian Rome
Bande: Santa Comba (7. C.)
Bradford-on-Avon (704?/10. C.?)
Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration
C.) Appearance of the „gallican” versions of the forms of Early Christian Rome
Preromanesque Architecture II.
Carolingian „Reneissance”
Franc-Roman
Empire
Charles the Great
Ravenna: S. Vitale – Aachen: Palace-chapel (796-805.)
Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”
A.) Imperial building activity
Aachen: Palace-chapel (796-805.)
Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”
A.) Imperial building activity
Aachen: Palace-chapel (796-805.) – Essen: monastery for women (11. C. middle)
Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”
A.) Imperial building activity
Rome: San Pietro Vecchio (arch. model) – Fulda monastery-church (802-812)
Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”
B.) Architecture of the Benedectine Missionary Monks
Rome: Sant’ Agnese (model 4. C.) – Corvey monastery church (873-885)
Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”
B.) Architecture of the Benedectine Missionary Monks
Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”
B.) Architecture of the Benedectine Missionary Monks
Corvey monastery church – westwerk (855-885)
Corvey monastery church
(church: 822-848, westwerk: 855-885)
Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”
B.) Architecture of the Benedectine Missionary Monks
Freckenhorst: westerk (1090) – Minden: Sankt Pertus – wersrigl (12. C.)
Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”
B.) Influence of the Architecture of the Benedectine Missionary Monks
Centula monastery church (790-799) – monastery-plan in Sankt Gallen (820. k.)
Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”
B.) Architecture of the Benedectine Missionary Monks – „quadrative „constructing
Romanesque Architecture(X-XIII. C.)
MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE(III- XVI. C.)
The sources of Romanesque:
antic, byzantine (eastern) and pagan local traditions
Saint-Gilles: gateway of the abby Venezia: San Marco Pomposa: l ombardian motives
Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire
Medieval Architecture (III- XVI. C.)
Romanesque Architecture I. – Main line (X-XIII. C.)
The architecture of the German-Roman Empire (Summary.)
A.) Architecture of the Saxon Dynasty („Ottonian” age: 919-1024)
1.)The transformation of the westwerk to be a western apse(Hildesheim: Sankt Michael mon. church – 1007-1033)
B.) Architecture of the Salian Franc Dinasty (1024-1117)
1.) The transformation of the westwerk to be a western gallery
(Quedlimburg: Sankt Servatius – 1070-
*Speyer : Dom – 1025-1159)
2.) The survival of the the type with the western apse
(Maintz: Dom - 978-1036, 1085-1239, *Worms: Dom – XI. C. – 1181)
C.) The architecture of the Hohenstauf synasty (1117-1254)
1.) The survival of the the type with the western apse(Bamberg: Dom – 1188-1234, Naumburg: Dom – XI. C. – 1280)
Pre-romanesque westwerks
(8-9. sz.)
Hildesheim: Sankt Michael
Abby-church with
Double sanctuary (1007-1033)
Quedlinburg: Sankt Servatius
Church with western gallery
(8-9. C., 1070-1129, Franc!)
The developement of the pre-romanesque
westwerk headed to two different ways:
towards the western sanctuary and the
western gallery
The former contained the sacral funcions
(liturgy of the Passion Week, and berial),
whereas the latter served for prophane
functions (representation of the landlord,,
Danger diverting).
Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire
A.) Architecture of the Saxon dinasty (919-1024)
Hildesheim: Sankt Michael
Abby-church with double
sanctuary (1007-1033)
Reichenau-Obercell:
Sankt Georg abby-church (9-10.
C.)
Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire
A.) Architecture of the Saxon dinasty (919-1024)
Hildesheim: Sankt Michael
Abby-church with double
sanctuary (1007-1033)
Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire
A.) Architecture of the Saxon dinasty (919-1024)
Quedlinburg: Sankt Servatius
Hildesheim: Sankt Michael
Abby-church with double
sanctuary (1007-1033)
Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire
A.) Architecture of the Saxon dinasty (919-1024)
Speyer: Imperial Dom (1025-1031, 1065-, 1081-, 1159)
Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire
B.) Architecture of the Salian Franc Dinasty (1024-1117)
Speyer: Imperial Dom
(1025-1031, 1065-, 1081-, 1159)
Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire
B.) Architecture of the Salian Franc Dinasty (1024-1117)
Speyer: Imperial Dom
(Speyer I. 1025,1031-1061, 1065-, 1081-, Speyer II. 1090-1106, 1159-)
Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire
B.) Architecture of the Salian Franc Dinasty (1024-1117)
Worms: Imperial Dom
(early 11. C. -1181, 1234
Hohenstauf era)
Mainz: Imperial Dom
(978-1036, 108512399
Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire
B.) Architecture of the Salian Franc Dinasty (1024-1117)
Naumburg: Imperial Dom
(early 11. C.-1280)
Bamberg: Imperial Dom (1004-1012, 1081-1111,1188-1237)
Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire
C.) Architecture of the Hohenstauf Dinasty (1117-1254)
Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire
C.) Architecture of the Hohenstauf Dinasty (1117-1254)
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