MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE(III- XVI. C.)

Pre-romanesque architecture(V-X. C.)

Historic contribution:

The native population of Europe –who was Celtic by far the greatest

number- was „Romanised” by the ever lasting expansion of the

Roman Empire.

The tribes of German and Iranian origin settled down east to the line

of rivers Danube and Rheine was thrust up by the wave generated

by the Huns, who swapped the Scythian and Iranian horse-rider

nomadic people away from the Eurasian steppe from the 4th

Century.

The immediate appearance

of the Huns at the borders of

the Empire starts a massive

immigration into the Empire.

(373: fall of the Visigothic

kingdomb at river Don; 376:

they applie for entrance into

the territory of the Empire;

395: the campaign of the

Huns set the people of

Central-Europe in motion.)

Historic contributions:

The Burgundians and Turinghians the first invaders in 406 were

pushed by the Svebians, Alemanians and Heruls, who were forced

towards the west by the Marcomans, Gepides és Sarmates. Than

others followed them: Francs, Vandals, Gothes… The invaders

established their own kingdombs as „foederati” accepted some

dependences from the Imperial power. Their former territory was

occupied by the Slavic tribes dependent under the Huns.

Barbarian kingdombs:

Western Gothic (419-711),

Eastern Gothic (495-540),

Vandal (421-533),

Burgundian (443-533),

Longobardian (568-771),

Anglo-Saxon (449, 494- 1066)

Franc (495-987).

Some oter ethnic cultures were

inserted in later into these Germanic

and Slavic world like the Varchun

(464-803), Arabic (711-1495),

Hungarian (895-), and Norman (911-).

Codex in Kells (800 k.)

Preromanesque Architecture I.Scattered Monuments in the times of the Great Migration

Köln: St. Gereon (380)

Milano: San Lorenzo (355-372) Zadar:San Donato (805)

Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration

A.) The appearance of the forms of the Antic („dead”) Rome

S. Etsmiadzin (5. C.) – S. Germigny-des-Pres (-806.)

Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration

B.) Eastern („living”) Rome : the appearance of the forms of Byzantium

Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration

B.) Eastern („living”) Rome : the appearance of the forms of Byzantium

S. Germigny-des-Pres (-806.)

Hexham: monastery-church - Brixworth: basilika (670.k.)

Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration

C.) Appearance of the „gallican” versions of the forms of Early Christian Rome

León: San Miguel de la Escalada (-951) – local „mozarabic” heritage in Iberia

Aszturia: San Salvador de Valdedios (-893)

Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration

C.) Appearance of the „gallican” versions of the forms of Early Christian Rome

Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration

C.) Appearance of the „gallican” versions of the forms of Early Christian Rome

Bande: Santa Comba (7. C.)

Bradford-on-Avon (704?/10. C.?)

Preromanesque Architecture I. – Scattered Monuments along the Great Migration

C.) Appearance of the „gallican” versions of the forms of Early Christian Rome

Preromanesque Architecture II.

Carolingian „Reneissance”

Franc-Roman

Empire

Charles the Great

Ravenna: S. Vitale – Aachen: Palace-chapel (796-805.)

Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”

A.) Imperial building activity

Aachen: Palace-chapel (796-805.)

Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”

A.) Imperial building activity

Aachen: Palace-chapel (796-805.) – Essen: monastery for women (11. C. middle)

Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”

A.) Imperial building activity

Rome: San Pietro Vecchio (arch. model) – Fulda monastery-church (802-812)

Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”

B.) Architecture of the Benedectine Missionary Monks

Rome: Sant’ Agnese (model 4. C.) – Corvey monastery church (873-885)

Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”

B.) Architecture of the Benedectine Missionary Monks

Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”

B.) Architecture of the Benedectine Missionary Monks

Corvey monastery church – westwerk (855-885)

Corvey monastery church

(church: 822-848, westwerk: 855-885)

Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”

B.) Architecture of the Benedectine Missionary Monks

Freckenhorst: westerk (1090) – Minden: Sankt Pertus – wersrigl (12. C.)

Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”

B.) Influence of the Architecture of the Benedectine Missionary Monks

Centula monastery church (790-799) – monastery-plan in Sankt Gallen (820. k.)

Preromanesque Architecture II. – Carolingian „Reneissance”

B.) Architecture of the Benedectine Missionary Monks – „quadrative „constructing

Romanesque Architecture(X-XIII. C.)

MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE(III- XVI. C.)

The sources of Romanesque:

antic, byzantine (eastern) and pagan local traditions

Saint-Gilles: gateway of the abby Venezia: San Marco Pomposa: l ombardian motives

Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire

Medieval Architecture (III- XVI. C.)

Romanesque Architecture I. – Main line (X-XIII. C.)

The architecture of the German-Roman Empire (Summary.)

A.) Architecture of the Saxon Dynasty („Ottonian” age: 919-1024)

1.)The transformation of the westwerk to be a western apse(Hildesheim: Sankt Michael mon. church – 1007-1033)

B.) Architecture of the Salian Franc Dinasty (1024-1117)

1.) The transformation of the westwerk to be a western gallery

(Quedlimburg: Sankt Servatius – 1070-

*Speyer : Dom – 1025-1159)

2.) The survival of the the type with the western apse

(Maintz: Dom - 978-1036, 1085-1239, *Worms: Dom – XI. C. – 1181)

C.) The architecture of the Hohenstauf synasty (1117-1254)

1.) The survival of the the type with the western apse(Bamberg: Dom – 1188-1234, Naumburg: Dom – XI. C. – 1280)

Pre-romanesque westwerks

(8-9. sz.)

Hildesheim: Sankt Michael

Abby-church with

Double sanctuary (1007-1033)

Quedlinburg: Sankt Servatius

Church with western gallery

(8-9. C., 1070-1129, Franc!)

The developement of the pre-romanesque

westwerk headed to two different ways:

towards the western sanctuary and the

western gallery

The former contained the sacral funcions

(liturgy of the Passion Week, and berial),

whereas the latter served for prophane

functions (representation of the landlord,,

Danger diverting).

Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire

A.) Architecture of the Saxon dinasty (919-1024)

Hildesheim: Sankt Michael

Abby-church with double

sanctuary (1007-1033)

Reichenau-Obercell:

Sankt Georg abby-church (9-10.

C.)

Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire

A.) Architecture of the Saxon dinasty (919-1024)

Hildesheim: Sankt Michael

Abby-church with double

sanctuary (1007-1033)

Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire

A.) Architecture of the Saxon dinasty (919-1024)

Quedlinburg: Sankt Servatius

Hildesheim: Sankt Michael

Abby-church with double

sanctuary (1007-1033)

Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire

A.) Architecture of the Saxon dinasty (919-1024)

Speyer: Imperial Dom (1025-1031, 1065-, 1081-, 1159)

Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire

B.) Architecture of the Salian Franc Dinasty (1024-1117)

Speyer: Imperial Dom

(1025-1031, 1065-, 1081-, 1159)

Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire

B.) Architecture of the Salian Franc Dinasty (1024-1117)

Speyer: Imperial Dom

(Speyer I. 1025,1031-1061, 1065-, 1081-, Speyer II. 1090-1106, 1159-)

Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire

B.) Architecture of the Salian Franc Dinasty (1024-1117)

Worms: Imperial Dom

(early 11. C. -1181, 1234

Hohenstauf era)

Mainz: Imperial Dom

(978-1036, 108512399

Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire

B.) Architecture of the Salian Franc Dinasty (1024-1117)

Naumburg: Imperial Dom

(early 11. C.-1280)

Bamberg: Imperial Dom (1004-1012, 1081-1111,1188-1237)

Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire

C.) Architecture of the Hohenstauf Dinasty (1117-1254)

Romanesque Architecture I. – „Main Stream” – German-Roman Emire

C.) Architecture of the Hohenstauf Dinasty (1117-1254)