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building technology
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MODULE 1
Functional Design of Buildings
Principles of Planning (Revision)
Functional object & requirements
Component parts, sizes and inter-
relationship
Topography and shape of plot
Climatic condition
Location and neighbourhood
(contd.)
Anthropometrics (Revision)
Acceptable/Unacceptable
Ergonomics (Revision)
• The science of optimising the interactions between -– the person– the job – the environment
• Use of Anthropometric data
Ergonomic Workstation
CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGSGroup Occupancy Sub divisions
A Residential A1 Lodging or rooming housesA2 One or two family dwellingsA3 DormitoriesA4 ApartmentsA5 Hotels
B Educational Building used for colleges,schools, day care purposeinvolving assembly forinstructions, education etc
Group Occupancy Sub divisions
C Institutional C1 Hospitals and sanatoriaC2 Homes for aged, orphansC3 Prisons, mental hospitals
D Assembly D1 Theatres with fixed seats for more than 1000 personsD2 (-do-)less than 1000 personsD3 Halls with capacity to holdmore than 300 persons but with no permanent seatingD4 (-do-)less than 300 personsD5 All other assembly buildings not covered above
Group Occupancy Sub divisions
E Business E1 Office, banks, professionalestablishments for doctors,engineers, lawyersE2 Laboratories and researchE3 Computer installations
F Mercantile F1 Shops, stores, markets with area up to 500m2 with storage incidental to salesF2 Underground shopping centres/departmental stores with area more than 500m2
with storage and services incidental to sales
Group Occupancy Sub divisions
G Industrial G1 Buildings used for low hazard industriesG2 -moderate hazard industriesG3 -high hazard industries
H Storagebuildings
Used for storage or sheltering of goods, vehicles, animals-Warehouses, grain stores, garages, stables
I Hazardous Used for storage, handling,manufacturing and processing of corrosive, toxic, inflammable, explosive materials
Area size of Plots• Residential:
– Detached building– Semi detached building– Row type
• Min. plot (m2)– Above 250– 125-250– 125
• Front (m)– Above 12– 8 to 12– 4.5 to 8
• 300 m2 with width not less than 15mIndustrial building
• Based on seating capacity @ 3 m2 per seatAssembly halls/ cinema theatres
• Size of plot not less than 1000 m2Community halls
• With service bay- 37m X 31m• Without service bay - 31m X 17mPetrol filling station
Ground Coverage
Parking Space
Parking Space (contd.)
Space-Optimization
• A shift towards energy conservation, efficiency, and alternatives,
• Why?– increasing demand for
energy (Population & Economic Growth)
– declining reserves of non-renewable energy resources
– rising energy costs – sustainability concerns
Intro to GREEN Building
Roadblock
Lack of track record (financial
lending)
Obsolete materials & method
Market uncertainty and
underperformance
Soln:
Energy star certificate
Tax incentive, insurance
Estimate total cost of construction and
service life
• Other energy technologies are not yet fully developed and/or cannot provide adequately substitute power
• Nuclear power –future expansion uncertain in terms of scope and time
• Green Building-goal of zero-net energy
HOW?Materials
Better Circulation & Insulation
In-house energy production
Recycling & Waste Management
Planning
Water Conservation
User Awareness
• Initial cost• Skilled
Worker• Material
availability• Construction
Time• Ergonomics
–Comfort?
Demerits
Essentials of Building Codes
Compositional Guidelines
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