MODULE 1

Functional Design of Buildings

Principles of Planning (Revision)

Functional object & requirements

Component parts, sizes and inter-

relationship

Topography and shape of plot

Climatic condition

Location and neighbourhood

(contd.)

Anthropometrics (Revision)

Acceptable/Unacceptable

Ergonomics (Revision)

• The science of optimising the interactions between -– the person– the job – the environment

• Use of Anthropometric data

Ergonomic Workstation

CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGSGroup Occupancy Sub divisions

A Residential A1 Lodging or rooming housesA2 One or two family dwellingsA3 DormitoriesA4 ApartmentsA5 Hotels

B Educational Building used for colleges,schools, day care purposeinvolving assembly forinstructions, education etc

Group Occupancy Sub divisions

C Institutional C1 Hospitals and sanatoriaC2 Homes for aged, orphansC3 Prisons, mental hospitals

D Assembly D1 Theatres with fixed seats for more than 1000 personsD2 (-do-)less than 1000 personsD3 Halls with capacity to holdmore than 300 persons but with no permanent seatingD4 (-do-)less than 300 personsD5 All other assembly buildings not covered above

Group Occupancy Sub divisions

E Business E1 Office, banks, professionalestablishments for doctors,engineers, lawyersE2 Laboratories and researchE3 Computer installations

F Mercantile F1 Shops, stores, markets with area up to 500m2 with storage incidental to salesF2 Underground shopping centres/departmental stores with area more than 500m2

with storage and services incidental to sales

Group Occupancy Sub divisions

G Industrial G1 Buildings used for low hazard industriesG2 -moderate hazard industriesG3 -high hazard industries

H Storagebuildings

Used for storage or sheltering of goods, vehicles, animals-Warehouses, grain stores, garages, stables

I Hazardous Used for storage, handling,manufacturing and processing of corrosive, toxic, inflammable, explosive materials

Area size of Plots• Residential:

– Detached building– Semi detached building– Row type

• Min. plot (m2)– Above 250– 125-250– 125

• Front (m)– Above 12– 8 to 12– 4.5 to 8

• 300 m2 with width not less than 15mIndustrial building

• Based on seating capacity @ 3 m2 per seatAssembly halls/ cinema theatres

• Size of plot not less than 1000 m2Community halls

• With service bay- 37m X 31m• Without service bay - 31m X 17mPetrol filling station

Ground Coverage

Parking Space

Parking Space (contd.)

Space-Optimization

• A shift towards energy conservation, efficiency, and alternatives,

• Why?– increasing demand for

energy (Population & Economic Growth)

– declining reserves of non-renewable energy resources

– rising energy costs – sustainability concerns

Intro to GREEN Building

Roadblock

Lack of track record (financial

lending)

Obsolete materials & method

Market uncertainty and

underperformance

Soln:

Energy star certificate

Tax incentive, insurance

Estimate total cost of construction and

service life

• Other energy technologies are not yet fully developed and/or cannot provide adequately substitute power

• Nuclear power –future expansion uncertain in terms of scope and time

• Green Building-goal of zero-net energy

HOW?Materials

Better Circulation & Insulation

In-house energy production

Recycling & Waste Management

Planning

Water Conservation

User Awareness

• Initial cost• Skilled

Worker• Material

availability• Construction

Time• Ergonomics

–Comfort?

Demerits

Essentials of Building Codes

Compositional Guidelines